不同留果量与摘心长度对欧李生长结果的影响

为了提高欧李果实品质及促进植株生长,给欧李栽培生产提高技术指导,以欧李"燕山1号"为试材,给结果母枝不同程度的留果量和植株新梢不同程度的摘心处理,测定了植株生长指标:结果母枝地径和心径生长量、新梢生长量、新梢叶片叶绿素含量;果实品质指标:果实生长量、单果重、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量及糖酸比。结果表明:留2摘5,留3摘5,留3摘10,显著抑制了欧李结果母枝的生长量。5 cm摘心显著降低了新梢的生长量。留3摘5显著降低了新梢叶片内的叶绿素含量。留1摘15有助于增长速度和提高单果重,留3摘5抑制果实生长速度和降低单果重,但是相对于对照而言,差异均不显著。留2摘5、和留3摘10均显著降低李果实中可滴定酸的含量,而可溶性固形物含量及糖酸比均无显著性差异。     

云柠1号柠檬不同类型枝条的生长结果能力及果实品质

在云南德宏选择7年生云柠1号柠檬为材料,对不同类型枝条(无新梢带叶枝、无叶枝、有新梢带叶枝)的生长、开花结果动态及果实产量、品质进行调查分析。结果表明,有新梢带叶枝的营养生长时间比无新梢带叶枝长,无新梢带叶枝更早进入生殖生长。带叶枝的着果率、单果质量及果实产量高于无叶枝。有新梢带叶枝的果实可溶性固形物含量分别比无新梢带叶枝和无叶枝高1.0和0.9个百分点。修剪时,应剪掉无叶枝,保留有叶枝。     

夏季修剪对软枣猕猴桃成花及果实品质的影响

以软枣猕猴桃品种‘魁绿’为试材,研究徒长新梢处理及不同摘心处理对其花芽形成及果实品质的影响。结果表明:对徒长新梢进行拿枝和扭梢处理均能明显提高其成花率,扭梢比拿枝处理效果显著;花序以上留较少叶片摘心可促进枝条基部的花芽分化,而随着留叶量的增加,结果部位上部成花率升高,着花部位外移;花序以上留3片叶摘心的果实品质优于留5、7片叶摘心。     

不同修剪方式对番荔枝生产的影响初报

番荔枝修剪可促春秋两季成花着果,比较了春季9种修剪方式对新梢萌发、花芽抽生、新芽可溶性糖含量、果实产量和品质的影响,并比较了秋季3种修剪方式对新梢萌发及果实产量和品质的影响。结果表明,春季短截摘叶处理后5 d新梢萌发率达到100%,短截不摘叶处理较短截摘叶处理新梢萌发延迟。春季不短截情况下,枝条去顶后只留顶部叶片更容易促进枝条基部萌发花芽。春季短截处理虽然抽生花芽时间比不短截处理提早约1周,但是不短截处理的新芽可溶性糖含量高于短截处理,短截与不短截处理在花蕾抽生时新芽可溶性糖含量趋于一致。秋季短截外围1/3、2/3及全部枝条摘叶处理的新梢萌发时间相近,均在处理后5～6 d萌发;秋季短截外围2/3枝条摘叶处理着果枝率适中,优质商品果比例达77.0%,产量高。因此,海南岛番荔枝生产春季修剪以留中间枝短截外围枝条并留顶端2个芽点为宜,秋季修剪以短截外围2/3枝条摘叶留叶柄为宜,秋季果效益较高,建议以秋季番荔枝生产为主。     

修剪对老弱杏树更新复壮意义的研究

对老弱杏树冬、夏两次修剪，剪除枝量的１／４～１／３，取得恢复树势、提高果实品质的良好效果。修剪树各类枝中，中、长梢比例增加，枝梢生长势强，新梢生长量增加，单叶面积增加，果实纵径、横径和单果重增加，提高了果实品质。     

副梢简化修剪对‘巨峰’葡萄果实品质与香气成分的影响

以5年生‘贝达’砧‘巨峰’葡萄为试材,研究不同副梢简化修剪技术对其果实品质及香气成分的影响。结果表明:副梢留1片叶绝后摘心处理果实的单粒重、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量和维生素C含量显著高于副梢全部去除、副梢留2片叶绝后摘心、副梢不摘心3个处理,可滴定酸含量则呈相反趋势;副梢简化修剪不同处理之间香气物质组成和含量差异较大,其中‘巨峰’葡萄的特征香气物质——酯类物质的含量,以副梢留1片叶绝后摘心处理最高,其次是副梢留2片叶绝后摘心处理,以副梢全部去除处理最低,同时副梢留1片叶绝后摘心处理未检测出呈令人不愉快风味的香气物质。综上,副梢留1片叶绝后摘心处理显著提升了‘巨峰’葡萄果实的品质和风味,因此,建议‘巨峰’葡萄在副梢管理上采取留1片叶绝后摘心的简化修剪技术。     

主梢修剪对‘巨峰’葡萄果实品质与香气成分的影响

以5年生‘贝达’嫁接‘巨峰’葡萄为试材,研究不同主梢修剪技术对果实品质及香气成分的影响。结果表明:主梢二次成梢修剪处理果实的单粒重、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量和维生素C含量显著高于主梢三次成梢修剪处理和传统修剪(对照),可滴定酸含量显著低于主梢三次成梢修剪处理和对照;不同主梢修剪处理和对照之间香气物质组成和含量差异较大,其中主梢二次成梢修剪处理香气物质的含量和种类均高于主梢三次成梢修剪处理和对照。‘巨峰’葡萄的特征香气物质—酯类物质尤其是起关键作用的乙酸乙酯的含量,主梢二次成梢修剪处理显著高于主梢三次成梢修剪处理和对照。综上,主梢二次成梢修剪处理显著提升了‘巨峰’葡萄果实的品质和风味,因此,建议‘巨峰’葡萄在主梢管理上采取主梢二次成梢修剪技术,即花前7~15 d于花序前留3片叶进行第1次摘心,待顶端副梢长至新梢总长120~150 cm时进行第2次摘心,随后待顶端副梢展叶2~3片时反复摘心,新梢长度一直保留120~150 cm。     

影响富士苹果品质若干因子的相关分析

富士苹果的生长结果状况与果实品质有极密切的相关。新梢长度与果实单果重、果形指数呈正相关,与果实硬度和还原糖含量呈负相关,新梢适宜长度为45—55cm,其中秋梢长5—10cm,春秋梢比值为4.5—8.0;叶片中适宜的氮、磷、钾含量分别为2.3%—2.6%、0.13%—0.15%、1.0%—1.5%;适宜的留果量为每4—5个顶芽留1果;适宜的采收期为10月下旬。     

春季修剪对蓝莓果实品质的影响

以"北陆""达柔"和"蓝丰"3个蓝莓品种为试材,在早春时节对其进行修剪,研究修剪对蓝莓采后单果质量、株产量、可溶性固形物含量、总糖含量、可滴定酸含量、固酸比、色泽、纵径与横径等果实品质的影响。结果表明,修剪后的蓝莓单果质量与果实大小明显增加,株产量略有下降,可溶性固形物、总糖与可滴定酸的含量明显增加,固酸比略有增加,酸甜适口,提高了果实品质。     

“秋妃”桃长短梢修剪对比试验

以3年生的秋妃桃为试材,研究冬季结果枝长梢修剪与短梢修剪对秋妃桃生长、结果及经济效益的影响。研究结果表明:对秋妃桃结果枝进行长梢修剪可以降低新梢总生长量,有效控制新梢旺长,促进果实着色,提高果实的产量和品质,长梢修剪因能有效控制新梢旺长,减少了夏季修剪量,从而减少用工量,提高经济效益。     

防护网对冬枣生长和果实品质的影响

以7 a生的冬枣(Zizyphus jujuba Mill.)为试材,采用不同时间覆网并辅之根剪措施,研究防护网对冬枣生长及果实品质的影响。结果表明:冬枣开花前搭覆防护网结合根剪显著抑制了冬枣的二次枝生长、枣吊数量、坐果率、花量及产量,并明显降低了果实中的维生素C和可溶性糖含量,但未造成果实农药残留。而坐果后覆网加根剪对二次枝、坐果率、产量的抑制效果较小,并对枣吊数量和花量无明显影响作用。虽然坐果后覆网果实中检测到了农药残留,但相比对照显著降低,未对果实品质带来不利影响。2种覆网方式均降低了冬枣的光合特性。综合分析认为,坐果后覆网与根剪相结合是提高果实品质的有效措施。     

厚皮甜瓜冬春茬栽培整枝方式研究

为了探求不同栽培整枝方式对日光温室冬春茬厚皮甜瓜熟性、产量、品质和商品性状的影响,进行了4种栽培整枝方式比较试验。结果表明:甜瓜采收期以爬地栽培单蔓整枝方式最早,比吊蔓栽培单蔓整枝方式和爬地栽培双蔓整枝方式早3d,比对照爬地栽培3蔓整枝方式早8d。单果质量、总产量、可溶性固形物含量均以吊蔓栽培单蔓整枝方式最高。吊蔓单蔓方式单果质量(755g)高出对照335g;667m2总产量达2926kg,比对照增产56.6%;中心可溶性固形物17.5%,高出对照2个百分点;且甜瓜果面光洁,果色均匀,果形周正,口感风味好,商品性状优良。据此,建议冬春茬厚皮甜瓜保护地栽培宜推广吊蔓单蔓整枝栽培方式,以取得优质高产高效。     

山地苹果树更新修剪对树体营养及生长的影响

 在陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区以常规修剪为对照,探讨更新修剪对盛果期山地苹果树体营养和生长方面的影响。结果表明：更新修剪提高了叶片、枝条中的氮、磷、钾、钙含量,提高了果实中的氮、钾、钙含量,对果实中的磷和根系中的磷、钾无显著影响;降低了根系中的氮、钙含量;显著增加了长枝、中枝的比例,显著降低了短枝、叶丛枝比例,促进了枝条健壮发育。更新修剪增加了叶面积,提高了叶绿素、单果质量、果实维生素C和有机酸含量,对果实可溶性固形物、总糖、着色面积等无显著影响,提高了果实产量,极显著提高了果园的经济产值。     

京郊风味甜瓜整枝留果方式探索试验

为提高风味甜瓜的产量,以"帅果7号"为试验材料,采用随机区组试验方法,设置单蔓整枝留1果、单蔓整枝留2果、双蔓整枝留2果3个处理,研究不同整枝及留果方式对风味甜瓜生长、产量和品质的影响.结果表明:风味甜瓜单蔓整枝留1果和双蔓整枝留2果效果均佳,果实大小适中,果形周正,果实含糖量以单蔓整枝留1果处理最佳,667 m2产量...     

Relations Between Growth of Leaves,Fruit and Shoot of Glasshouse Tomato Plants

The weekly rates of shoot extension and total growth in leaf length of the glasshouse tomato variety Potentate increased from germination until soon after the start of ovary swelling. It is postulated that when, or soon after, the first flower primordia were initiated, an internal reaction was stimulated that eventually resulted in the cessation of the progressive increase in the rates of shoot extension and growth in leaf length. Increase in the rate of vegetative growth ceased soon after the start of ovary swelling, but this occurred even when no ovaries were allowed to swell.

The diameter of the shoot was unaffected by removal of leaves but increased when no fruits were allowed to develop. Conversely, shoot extension growth was unaffected by removal of fruit but decreased when alternate immature leaves were removed, although the removal of mature leaves had no effect on shoot extension growth.

Removal of leaves was associated with a reduction in total fruit volume and an increase in total leaf length.

Removal of immature fruit was associated with an increase in total leaf length. Removal of alternate immature fruits had little effect on total fruit . volume ; the difference between normally fruiting plants and plants from which alternate fruits had been removed was less than 0?5%.     

Effect of electrical conductivity,fruit pruning,and truss position on quality in greenhouse tomato fruit

Summary

The combined effects of electrical conductivity (an EC of 2.5 dS m^–1 or 8 dS m^–1 in the root zone) and fruit pruning (three or six fruit per truss) on tomato fruit quality were studied in a greenhouse experiment, planted in January 2005. Taste-related attributes [dry matter content (DM), total soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), glucose, fructose and citric acid content] and health-promoting attributes (lycopene, βcarotene, vitamin C, and total anti-oxidant activity) of tomato fruits harvested on the vine from the fifth or tenth truss positions were determined. The quality of tomato fruits was improved by high EC. A high EC in the root zone increased the DM content, total SSC, TA, as well as glucose, fructose and citric acid contents. A significantly higher lycopene and βcarotene content was also observed [on a fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) basis] with a high EC in the root zone. The accumulation of different compounds that determine tomato fruit quality differed between the fifth and tenth truss. In particular, the lycopene content was reduced, whereas the βcarotene content was increased in the tenth truss with respect to the fifth truss, most likely because of higher temperatures during ripening of the tenth truss. Fruit pruning increased fruit FW by 42% and positively influenced the DM content and total anti-oxidant activity, while a negative effect was observed on lycopene and citric acid contents (on a FW and DW basis). EC and fruit pruning both had a strong effect on fruit size; however, EC had a much stronger impact on taste and health-related fruit quality attributes. A small interaction between EC and fruit pruning was found for marketable yield, fructose and glucose content, fruit firmness, and P and Ca concentrations in fruits.     

果树根剪控冠技术研究——文献综述

综述了果树根系修剪（断根）对其根系再生，枝叶生长和果实发育的影响。随根剪程度不同，对树体生长发育的促控效果亦不同，轻剪有促进生长作用；适当重剪则抑制枝叶生长，具有控冠效果。对根剪作用机制、根剪控冠技术应用及发展趋势、存在问题和今后研究方向进行了讨论。认为根剪技术是果树矮化密植栽培中一条有效的控冠途径。     

Einfluss der Schnittintensität auf Ertrag, Fruchtgröße und Pflückleistung bei Kulturheidelbeeren

From 1999 til 2003, the influence of pruning intensity on yield, fruit size, and picking efficiency was tested for the ‘Bluecrop’, ‘Bluetta’, ‘Patriot’, and ‘Spartan’ highbush blueberry varieties. The following procedures were compared: no pruning (control), little annual pruning in the late winter, little pruning every 2 years in the late winter, intensive annual pruning in the late winter, intensive pruning every 2 years in the late winter, and complete pruning down to the ground in the late winter before the first vegetation period of the trial. Each kind of pruning led to a decline in yield. Therefore the highest yield was produced by controls, and the lowest yield (40% of the control level) was shown with intensive annual pruning. Pruning also increased the size of the fruits. The smallest size was found for controls, the biggest with little annual pruning. Picking efficiency increased along with fruit size. Little annual pruning seems to be the best pruning method for highbush blueberries. This method indeed leads to a visible decrease in yield, but the positive effects on fruit size and picking efficiency compensate this inevitable disadvantage. So, from the economical point of view, there is a clear advantage for this variant. Both nonpruning and regular intensive pruning have to be avoided.     

外源褪黑素对桃生长及果实品质的影响

[目的]探讨外源褪黑素对桃生长和果实品质的影响.[方法]以早熟桃'早蜜'为试材,于果实膨大期对其叶片喷施不同浓度的褪黑素,测定了桃果实成熟期的新梢生长量、生理状况和果实品质指标.[结果]50?150 pmol?L-1的褪黑素处理能促进桃新梢的生长,增加其茎长和茎粗.150μmol L1褪黑素提高了桃叶片超氧化物歧化酶活...     

更新修剪对盛果末期苹果树体营养及品质的影响

在渭北黄土高原地区,以‘红富士’苹果为试材,以当地长放修剪为对照,探讨更新修剪对盛果末期苹果树体营养和果实品质、产量的影响。结果表明:更新修剪提高了叶片、枝条、果实、根系中的氮、磷、钾、钙含量,特别是枝条中的氮、磷、钾、钙含量得到极显著提高。更新修剪极显著提高了单果质量、产量及经济价值,显著提高了果形指数和有机酸含量,对果实着色面积、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、维生素C、果实硬度无显著影响。表明渭北黄土高原应积极开展盛果末期苹果树的更新修剪。