格氏栲人工林和杉木人工林碳库及分配

对福建省三明市33年生格氏栲人工林和杉木人工林碳库及分配进行研究.结果表明:格氏栲人工林碳库为325.9 t·hm-2,比杉木人工林的(228.3 t·hm-2)高43%.格氏栲和杉木人工林乔木层碳库分别占人工林碳库的65.9%和57.5%,矿质土壤层碳库则分别占32.5%和40.3%,而2种森林的林下植被层、枯枝落叶层、粗木质残体和死细根碳库占人工林碳库均不超过1%.格氏栲人工林的干材(干 皮)碳库分别占乔木层碳库的55.8%,而杉木人工林的则为75.4%.杉木人工林乔木层在6年生前连年碳积累速率略高于格氏栲人工林,但7年生后则低于格氏栲人工林.格氏栲乔木层连年碳积累速率最大值出现时间(15年生时)早于杉木人工林的(10年生时),其碳积累的数量成熟龄(＞33年生时)则迟于杉木人工林的(20年生时).从碳吸存的角度看,格氏栲是一个比杉木更加优良的人工林树种.     

格氏栲人工林和杉木人工林碳吸存与碳平衡

森林是陆地生态系统中最大的碳库,其碳贮量占全球陆地总碳贮量的46%(Watson et al.,2000).因而,开展森林生态系统碳平衡动态研究,对于科学预测森林对全球碳平衡和气候变化的作用具有重要意义,并已成为国际陆地碳循环研究的热点.     

杉木人工林树上宿存枯死枝、叶在冠层与在枯枝落叶层分解的比较研究

杉木枯死枝、叶有在树上宿存多年的特性。江西分宜大岗山地区一立地指数 14 ,林龄 13a ,保留密度 2 60 0株·hm- 2 的 1代林 ,树上宿存枯死枝、叶总量达 4 10 8 0kg·hm- 2 ,相当枯枝落叶层生物量的 3 5 4 %。树上宿存枯死枝、叶在冠层的分解速度 ,与置于枯枝落叶层的分解速度的测定结果表明 ,后者比前者快得多。说明在杉木林生长急需养分的速生期和杆材期 ,将树上宿存枯死枝、叶适时地打落于地表 ,使其在枯枝落叶层分解 ,与挂在冠层上的分解相比 ,对林木营养作用不同 ,前者比后者能及时、更多地提供养分。树上宿存枯死枝、叶在林冠下部由低到高呈 4层分布。鉴于各层死亡时间不同 ,经受的分解时间和雨水淋溶的强度也相异 ,其在树冠上的分解速度是分层测定的 ,上下层差异较大。在枯枝落叶层的分解速度也分层测定 ,上下层的差异较小。在枯枝落叶层分解时 ,本实验 1年间枝的各层分解量之和是树冠上分解时的近 2 3倍 ,叶为 5 4倍。在枯枝落叶层分解时 ,1年间各层枝、叶 ,营养元素归还量之和是树冠上分解时的 3 5倍。速生、杆材期 ,适时地将树上宿存枯死枝、叶打落于地表 ,对连栽杉木林长期生产力的保持更是有积极作用     

木荷和杉木人工林天然降水、穿透雨和树干茎流DOC和DON 浓度及动态(英文)

尽管溶解有机碳(DOC)和溶解有机氮(DON)在森林养分循环中的作用日渐为人们所关注,但对它们的浓度及动态,特别是对亚热带森林DOC 和DON 的研究甚少。本文于2002 年通过野外天然降水及亚热带木荷和杉木人工林(monoculture plantations of Schima superba and Cunninghamia lanceolata,15 年生)穿透雨和树干茎流各水样的收集及室内各水样中DOC、NO3 -N、NH4 -N 和总溶解有机氮(TDN)浓度的测- +定,其中DON 浓度通过TDN 与NO3 -N、NH4 -N 的浓度差值来计算,- +结果表明,天然降水DOC 和DON 浓度分别为1.7 和0.13 mg·L-1。木荷人工林穿透雨DOC 和DON 浓度分别为11.2 和0.24 mg·L-1,高于杉木人工林的DOC 和DON 浓度(10.3 和0.19 mg·L-1)。杉木人工林树干茎流DOC 和DON 浓度(分别为19.1 和0.66 mg·L-1)明显高于木荷人工林(分别为17.6 和0.48 mg·L-1)。天然降水DOC 浓度的月变化不明显,而DON 浓度在夏季和秋季较高。两林分穿透雨DON 浓度的月动态与树干茎流的十分相似,均在雨季开始时(3 月)浓度增大。两林分穿透雨DOC 浓度在2-4 月间较高,而树干茎流DOC 浓度在9-11 月间较高。图4表2 参24。     

杉木林枯枝落叶层现存量的影响因素分析

通过收集杉木林枯枝落叶层现存量数据,分析杉木林枯枝落叶层现存量与年平均温度、年降水量、林分年龄、枝叶生物量、凋落物量、林下植被生物量的相关关系。结果表明,杉木林枯枝落叶层现存量与林龄、林下植被生物量、凋落物量、枝叶生物量呈显著正相关,其中与林下植被生物量相关性最大,与年均温呈负相关,而与年降水量无显著相关。多元线性回归分析表明,林龄可单独解释枯枝落叶现存量变化的21.2%,而林龄、降水量、年均温、枝叶生物量可以解释枯枝落叶现存量变化的38.6%。     

杉木林土壤渗滤水溶解有机碳含量与迁移

森林是陆地生态系统中最重要的碳库,森林土壤中的碳占全球土壤有机碳的73%,在全球碳循环中起着重要作用(David et al.,1988).溶解有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,简称DOC)虽然仅占有机碳的很小部分,但对调节阳离子淋洗、金属溶解、矿物风化、土壤微生物活动以及其他土壤化学、物理和生物学过程具有重要意义.     

格氏栲天然林与人工林粗木质残体碳库及养分库

福建三明格氏栲天然林及在其采伐迹地上营造的33年生格氏栲人工林和杉木人工林粗木质残体现存量与季节动态、C库及养分库的研究表明,格氏栲天然林、人工林和杉木人工林粗木质残体现存量分别为1 32、0 4 6和0 2 3t·hm- 2 。3种林分粗木质残体现存量的季节变化模式均为夏季>冬季>秋季>春季。格氏栲天然林粗木质残体C贮量为0 78t·hm- 2 ,分别是格氏栲人工林和杉木人工林的4 1 1倍和7 0 9倍;格氏栲天然林粗木质残体C库与2种人工林间差异显著(P <0 0 5)。格氏栲天然林、人工林和杉木人工林粗木质残体养分贮量分别为1 4 1 6、2 90和0 95kg·hm- 2 ;格氏栲天然林粗木质残体中各种养分贮量均最高。与人工林相比,天然林粗木质残体现存量、C和养分贮量均最大。     

杉木人工林土壤碳库动态研究现状及展望

土壤有机碳(SOC)是陆地生态系统中最大的有机碳库,在全球碳循环中发挥着重要的作用。因此,土壤有机碳动态是生态系统碳循环研究中的关键。杉木人工林是我国亚热带主要的人工林,综述了杉木经营过程中土壤有机质动态变化研究现状,以及采伐、整地、炼山等人类活动对土壤有机碳库影响等相关研究。     

近熟杉木人工林的生物量及碳储量研究

通过野外调查和室内分析后得到苍梧县近熟杉木人工林单株生物量的回归模型,树干和树皮以胸径树高为自变量进行回归分析效果较好,而其余器官以及地下部分生物量和总生物量均以胸径为自变量进行回归分析为好。     

不同龄组杉木人工林土壤有机碳贮量及分布特征

对比分析了福寿林场3个龄组杉木人工林0~60 cm土层内土壤碳贮量及其土层分布特征,结果表明:1)3个龄组杉木人工林土壤有机碳含量都表现出随土壤深度增加而逐渐减小的趋势,土层0~20 cm有机碳含量最高,为29.07~35.27 g·kg-1,是土层20~30 cm和土层30~45 cm的1~2倍和3~4倍,而土层(45~60cm)的有机碳含量最少,为5.03~6.68 g·kg-1。2)3个龄组的人工林0~60 cm土层内平均碳含量和碳贮量都表现出了随着年龄的变化先减少而增加的趋势,其平均碳含量的次序依次为成熟林(16.65 g·kg-1)>幼龄林(14.78g·kg-1)>中龄林(13.36 g·kg-1);碳贮量大小顺序依次为成熟林(79.59 t·hm-2)>幼龄林(64.78 t·hm-2)>中龄林(64.74 t·hm-2),3)在0~45 cm范围的土层内,3个龄组的杉木人工林的土壤碳贮量占土壤总碳贮量的百分比在86%~91%之间,说明杉木人工林土壤碳贮量主要集中在这个土层深度内。     

Concentrations and seasonal dynamics of dissolved organic carbon in forest floors of two plantations （Castanopsis kawakamii and Cunninghamia lanceolata） in subtropical China

The concentrations and seasonal dynamics of DOC in forest floors of monoculture plantations ofCastanopsis kawakamii and Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) were assessed in Sanming, Fujian, China (26°11′30″N, 117°26′00″E). Forest floor samples were taken in January, April, July and October in 2002 and divided into undecomposed material (horizon Oi), partially decomposed organic material (horizon Oe), and fully decomposed organic material (horizon Oa). Upon collection, DOC concentrations of samples were analyzed by a High Temperature TOC. The results showed that the annual average DOC concentration of Chinese fir (1341.7 mg·kg⁻¹) in the forest floor was higher than that ofCastanopsis kawakamii (1178.9 mg·kg⁻¹). Difference in DOC concentrations was observed among three horizons of the forest floor. DOC concentration of forest floor in the two forests was the highest in horizon Oe. Seasonal trends of DOC concentrations in different horizons of forest floors were similar and the maximal value occurred in autumn (or winter). The concentration and temporal change of DOC in studied forests were probably related to the variation in moisture, temperature, biological activity and quantity of organic matter in the forest floor. Foundation item: This study was supported by the Teaching and Research Award program for MOE P.R.C. (TRAPOYT) Biography: ZHANG Jiang-shan (1946-), male, Researcher in Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P.R. China. Responsible editor: Zhu Hong     

Carbon Return and Dynamics of Litterfall in Natural Forest and Monoculture Plantation of Castanopsis kawakamii in Subtropical China

The amount of carbon returned through litterfall and its seasonal pattern were studied in a natural forest of Castanopsis kawakamii (NF) and adjacent monoculture plantations of C. kawakamii (CK) and Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) (CF) in Sanming, Fujian Province, China. Mean annual carbon return through total litterfall over 3 years (from 1999 to 2001) was 5.097 t穐m2 in the NF, 4.337 t穐m2 in the CK and 2.502 t穐m2 in the CF respectively. Of the total carbon return in the three forests, leaf contribution accounted for 58.96%, 68.53% and 56.12% and twig 24.41%, 22.34% and 26.18%, respectively. The seasonal patterns of carbon return from total litterfall and leaf-litter were quite similar among the three forests. A peak of carbon input from litterfall in the NF and the CK occurred in spring except for the highest annual C return through branch litter of the NF in summer, while the CF showed the maximum C return in summer. The results of this study demonstrate that the natural forest has a greater C return through litterfall than monoculture plantations, which is beneficial to the increase of soil organic matter storage and the maintenance of soil fertility.     

Carbon return and dynamics of litterfall in natural forest and monoculture plantation of Castanopsis kawakamii in subtropical China

The amount of carbon returned through litterfall and its seasonal pattern were studied in a natural forest of Castanopsis kawakamii (NF) and adjacent monoculture plantations of C. kawakamii (CK) and Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) (CF) in Sanming, Fujian Province, China. Mean annual carbon return through total litterfall over 3 years (from 1999 to 2001) was 5.097 t·hm⁻² in the NF, 4.337 t·hm⁻² in the CK and 2.502 t·hm⁻² in the CF respectively. Of the total carbon return in the three forests, leaf contribution accounted for 58.96%, 68.53% and 56.12% and twig 24.41%, 22.34% and 26.18%, respectively. The seasonal patterns of carbon return from total litterfall and leaf-litter were quite similar among the three forests. A peak of carbon input from litterfall in the NF and the CK occurred in spring except for the highest annual C return through branch litter of the NF in summer, while the CF showed the maximum C return in summer. The results of this study demonstrate that the natural forest has a greater C return through litterfall than monoculture plantations, which is beneficial to the increase of soil organic matter storage and the maintenance of soil fertility. [Supported by the Teaching and Research Award Program of MOE P.R.C. (TRAPOYT) and the Key Basic Research Project of Fujian Province (2000F004)]     

Dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in precipitation, throughfall and stemflow fromSchima superba andCunninghamia lanceolata plantations in subtropical China

Despite growing attention to the role of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in forest nutrient cycling, their monthly concentration dynamics in forest ecosystems, especially in subtropical forests only were little known. The goal of this study is to measure the concentrations and monthly dynamics of DOC and DON in precipitation, throughfall and stemflow for two plantations ofSchima superba (SS) and Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata, CF) in Jianou, Fujian, China. Samples of precipitation, throughfall and stemflow were collected on a rain event base from January 2002 to December 2002. Upon collection, all water samples were analyzed for DOC, NO₃ ⁻−N, NH₄ ⁺−N and total dissolved N (TDN). DON was calculated by subtracting NO₃ ⁻−N and NH₄ ⁺−N from TDN. The results showed that the precipitation had a mean DOC concentration of 1.7 mg·L⁻¹ and DON concentration of 0.13 mg·L⁻¹. The mean DOC and DON concentrations in throughfall were 11.2 and 0.24 mg·L⁻¹ in the SS and 10.3 and 0.19 mg·L⁻¹ in the CF respectively. Stemflow DOC and DON concentrations in the CF (19.1 and 0.66 mg·L⁻¹ respectively) were significantly higher than those in the SS (17.6 and 0.48 mg·L⁻¹ respectively). No clear monthly variation in precipitation DOC concentration was found in our study, while DON concentration in precipitation tended to be higher in summer or autumn. The monthly variations of DON concentrations were very similar in throughfall and stemflow at both forests, showing an increase at the beginning of the rainy season in March. In contrast, monthly changes of the DOC concentrations in throughfall of the SS and CF were different to those in stemflow. Throughfall DOC concentrations were higher from February to April, while relatively higher DOC concentrations in stemflow were found during September–November period. Foundation item: This study was supported by the Teaching and Research Award program for MOE P.R.C. (TRAPOYT). Biography: Guo Jian-fen (1977-), female, Ph. Doctor in College of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China. Responsible editor: Zhu Hong     

天然次生阔叶林转变为杉木人工林对土壤微生物量的影响

在我国南方,天然次生阔叶林转变为杉木人工林是一种常见的管理措施。为研究森林利用方式转变对土壤微生物量的影响,我们在中国科学院会同森林生态实验站比较了天然次生阔叶林、第一代和第二代杉木人工林土壤理化性质和微生物量。杉木人工林土壤有机碳、全氮、铵态氮和微生物量碳氮含量明显低于天然次生阔叶林。第一代、二代杉木人工林土壤微生物量碳仅为天然次生阔叶林的53%和46%,微生物氮为97%和79%。杉木人工林土壤微生物量碳占有机碳的比例也低于天然次生阔叶林土壤,但微生物量氮则相反,为杉木人工林高于天然次生阔叶林。因此可以得出,天然次生阔叶林转变为杉木人工林以及杉木林连栽引起了土壤生物学特性和土壤质量降低。图2表3参36。     

Microbial biomass in subtropical forest soils： effect of conversion of natural secondary broad-leaved forest to Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation

Conversion of natural secondary broad-leaved forest to Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation is a common management practice in subtropical China. In this study, we compared soil physico-chemical properties, microbial biomass in one natural secondary broad-leaved forest and two C. lanceolata plantation sites to estimate the effects of forest conversion on soil microbial biomass at the Huitong Experimental Station of Forestry Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Concentrations of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, NH4^＋-N and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were much lower under C. lanceolata plantations as compared to natural secondary broad-leaved forest. Soil microbial biomass C in the first and second rotation of C. lanceolata plantations was only 53%, 46% of that in natural secondary broad-leaved forest, and microbial biomass N was 97% and 79%, respectively. The contribution of microbial biomass C to soil organic C was also lower in the plantation sites. However, the contribution of microbial N to total nitrogen and NH4^＋-N was greater in the C. lanceolata plantation sites. Therefore, conversion of natural secondary broad-leaved forest to C. lanceolata plantation and continuous planting of C. lanceolata led to the decline in soil microbial biomass and the degradation of forest soil in subtropical China.     

陈山红心杉优良无性系组培快速繁殖技术研究

以陈山红心杉20个红心比例达70%以上的优良无性系基部萌条为外植体,建立了组培高效繁育体系。优化条件筛选结果表明:MS BA2.0mg/L(单位下同) NAA0.5为最佳诱导培养基;1/2MS BA1.5 NAA0.5 适量有机物为最佳增殖培养基,苗木叶色嫩绿,生长正常,增殖系数可达4.5;1/2MS NAA0.2 IBA0.5为最佳生根培养基,生根率达89.3%。