日粮蛋白质和可发酵碳水化合物含量对刚断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道特性的影响

1前言由于日粮蛋白质在猪胃中有很高的缓冲能力,因此刚断奶仔猪日粮中高浓度的CP容易引起仔猪断奶后爆发大肠杆菌病(Prohaszka和Baron,1980),此外还会刺激蛋白质发酵,并促进致病性细菌在胃肠     

日粮蛋白质和乳糖水平对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态和免疫性能的影响

文章旨在评估日粮粗蛋白质和乳糖水平对断奶后前2周仔猪生长性能、肠道形态和免疫的影响.试验将21日龄断奶、平均初始体重为(6.55±0.01)kg的600头仔猪随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复25头.断奶仔猪试验日粮采用2×2因子设计,即2种粗蛋白质水平(20.5％和22.5％)以及2个乳糖水平(5％和10％),试验...     

日粮中添加发酵黄芩对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

选用64头28日龄(长大二元)断奶仔猪,随机分为4个处理组,每组4个重复,每个重复4头猪。各处理组分别在基础日粮基础上添加0(对照组)、0.1%、0.15%、0.2%的发酵黄芩。试验期为28 d。结果表明,日粮中添加发酵黄芩能增强断奶仔猪食欲,提高采食量,降低料肉比、腹泻率,提高饲料报酬。通过对不同水平的比较,发现发酵黄芩添加水平为0.15%效果最优,日采食量、日增重较对照组提高12.9%(P<0.05)、33.0%(P<0.05),料肉比、腹泻率较对照组降低15.0%(P<0.05)、30.6%(P<0.05)。     

不同能量和蛋白质水平对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

为了研究不同的能量和蛋白质水平对早期断奶仔猪生长性能和腹泻的影响,试验选用体重7.30kg左右的杜×长×大(23±2)日龄断奶健康仔猪288头,随机分为9个处理组,每个处理4个重复,每个重复8头猪(公、母各半)。9组试验日粮为3个能量水(平13.60、14.02、14.43MJ/kg)×3个蛋白质水平(19.5%、20.5%、21.5%)。结果表明:仔猪平均日增重各组间差异显著(P<0.05),其中处理6组(蛋白20.5%,能量14.43MJ/kg)最高437g/d,处理7组(蛋白21.5%,能量13.60MJ/kg)为424g/d和处理9组(蛋白21.5%,能量14.43MJ/kg)为396g/d。9个处理组间耗料/增重比经统计分析差异显著(P<0.05),并以处理7组最低1.229,处理4组(蛋白20.5%,能量13.60MJ/kg)为1.233和处理6组1.260次之。因此,最适宜的能量蛋白水平组合是能量为14.43MJ/kg,蛋白质为20.5%,二者互作效应效果不显著。     

日粮添加铬对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

本试验选择40头体重、胎次、日龄基本一致的健康仔猪,28日龄断奶,随机分成5组。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组将基础日粮中1.5%、1%、0.5%的鱼粉用同等重量的皮革蛋白粉代替,试验Ⅳ组喂基础日粮+0.02%酵母铬,正试期为35天。结果表明:①日粮添加0.02%酵母铬可显著提高断奶仔猪日增重(+20.08%,P<0.01);添加皮革蛋白粉各组都显著地提高了仔猪的日增重(0.5%组提高19.51%,P<0.01;1%组提高18.56%,P<0.05;1.5%组提高14.92%,P<0.05)。②日粮添加0.02%酵母铬显著增加了断奶仔猪平均日采食量(P<0.05),而添加皮革蛋白粉的各组则无显著影响(P>0.05)。③添加0.5%皮革蛋白粉饲料利用率显著提高(P<0.05),其余各组都有升高趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

日粮添加低聚糖对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

该试验旨在研究日粮中添加低聚糖对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响。选取180头遗传背景和体重相近的28日龄断奶仔猪,采用单因子试验设计,按完全随机区组法分为3组,每组60头仔猪。各处理组仔猪分别饲喂基础日粮(A组)、基础日粮+1 5%低聚糖(B组)、基础日粮+3.0%低聚糖(C组)的试验日粮,分两阶段饲喂,前期16 d,后期17 d,共33 d。自试验开始至结束,每日观察猪只外表,如皮毛肤色、长势、整齐度等情况.记录仔猪呕吐、腹泻头数,并记录饲料消耗量,计算平均日采食量、平均日增重以及料重比等指标。结果表明:1)日粮中添加低聚糖可有效改善仔猪皮毛肤色和体型。与对照组相比,添加1.5%低聚糖组和添加3.0%低聚糖组的仔猪皮毛肤色更为光滑、红润,且体型更均匀壮实。2)日粮中添加低聚糖可有效改善仔猪生长性能。与对照组相比,添加1.5%和3.0%低聚糖均可提高仔猪的平均日采食量和平均日增重,降低料重比以及腹泻率,其中添加3.0%低聚糖可显著提高断奶仔猪的平均日采食量和平均日增重,显著降低料重比。由此表明,在该试验添加水平范围内,日粮添加低聚糖可改善断奶仔猪皮毛肤色和体型,提高断奶仔猪的生长性能。     

蛋白质水平和组成对早期断奶仔猪性能的影响

进行了两次试验来研究蛋白质水平和组成对早期断奶仔猪性能的影响。试验采用二因系统分组设计，在蛋白质水平为18％和16％的两种日粮中，用0和4％的棉粕等量替代豆粕组成4种日粮。5周饲养试验结果表明：第一次试验试期各组平均日增重差异不显著（P＞0.05）；第二次试验，蛋白质18％的两组在断奶后1周及1—5周内，平均日增重较显著高于蛋白质16％的两组（P＜O.1）。试验期各组腹泻率均不高，差异不显著（P＞0.05）。说明此阶段粗蛋白质水平18％更适宜。     

低蛋白日粮补充合成氨基酸对早期断奶仔猪生长性能和胃肠道健康的影响

本试验旨在研究低蛋白日粮补充合成氨基酸对早期断奶仔猪生长性能、内脏重、腹泻频率、微生物菌群和发酵的影响，试验期为3周。7d适应期后，将平均体重为6．2kg的96头断奶仔猪完全随机分为4个处理，每个处理6个重复，每圈4头。处理1为对照组，饲喂小麦-玉米豆粕基础日粮，粗蛋白水平为23％，处理2～4粗蛋白水平依次为21、19和17％，并补充合成氨基酸使各处理含有相同的回肠真可消化赖氨酸、含硫氨基酸、苏氨酸及色氨酸。各组日粮含有相当的营养水平并自由采食。对所有猪只在试验第0、7、14和21d进行采血以便之后的血浆尿素氮测定，而增重、采食量和饲料转化率每周进行测定。在试验第21d每圈随机选取2头猪屠宰，以测定小肠的形态、小肠食糜PH、氨氮水平并对小肠食糜进行微生物计数。试验发现，日增重、采食量和饲料转化率在粗蛋白水平降低到21％时没有受影响（P〉0．10），     

不同消化能与蛋白质水平对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

研究选用288头(23±2)日龄,初始体重(7.12±0.54)kg的健康杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪,采用2×3因子设计,研究消化能(14.64MJ/kg和14.23MJ/kg)与蛋白质水平(19%、21%和23%)对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响。结果表明:与低消化能水平相比,高消化能显著提高仔猪日增重12.9%(P<0.01),改善饲料转化率18.8%(P<0.01),降低腹泻率27.6%;随着日粮蛋白质水平的提高,日增重(P=0.04)和饲料转化率显著提高(P<0.01),而腹泻率也随之呈增加趋势。由此可见,随着日粮消化能和蛋白质浓度的提高,断奶仔猪的日增重和饲料转化率提高。在本试验条件下,日粮消化能为14.64MJ/kg,CP为21%时可达到最佳的促生长效果和饲料转化率。     

日粮不同蛋白质水平对仔猪生长性能的影响

试验选择云南地方培育优良母系-滇昆系(N2系)和国外长白、杜洛克、大约克(D、L、Y)公猪杂交的仔猪进行两种日粮蛋白水平的饲养试验,分析了不同蛋白质水平对仔猪的生长性能及公母猪、不同杂交组合的生长性能的影响.结果说明在南方气候条件下,玉米-豆粕型日粮的蛋白质水平分别为乳猪料(7～35日龄)18%、仔猪料(36～70日龄)16%时,更利于仔猪生长增重;仔猪生长性能没有明显性别差异;3种杂交组合中以大约克公猪×滇昆母猪(YN2)组合受蛋白质水平变化的影响较小.     

Dietary protein and fermentable carbohydrates contents influence growth performance and intestinal characteristics in newly weaned pigs

Increasing the dietary amount of fermentable carbohydrates (FC) may counteract the negative effects of protein fermentation in newly weaned piglets. To study this hypothesis, 272 newly weaned piglets were allotted to 4 dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with low and high FC (7.5 and 13.5%) and crude protein (CP, 15 and 22%) content as respective factors. Intestinal histology, enzyme activity, microbiota and fermentation products were determined in 8 pigs per treatment 7 days post-weaning.

In the 4 wk experimental period, interactions between dietary CP and FC content were found for feed intake (P = 0.022), daily gain (P = 0.001), and gain:feed (P = 0.033). The high-FC content reduced daily gain by 50 g/d in the low-CP diet, whereas the FC content did not affect growth performance in the high-CP diet. Over the 4 wk experimental period, daily gain (350 g/d) and feed intake (519 g/d) were highest for piglets on the low-CP low-FC diet. The high-FC content resulted in an increase in number of lactobacilli (P = 0.047) and a decrease of total coliforms (P = 0.06) in the small intestine. It increased the lactic acid content (P = 0.08) and reduced the ammonia content (P = 0.04) in the small intestine and increased the VFA content in the colon (P = 0.009). The reduction in CP content reduced ammonia concentration in the small intestine (P = 0.003). We concluded that dietary FC influenced microbial population and fermentation products in the gut. However, this was not reflected in an increased growth performance.     

The effect of dietary protein and fermentable carbohydrates levels on growth performance and intestinal characteristics in newly weaned piglets

Reducing the CP content and increasing the fermentable carbohydrates (FC) content of the diet may counteract the negative effects of protein fermentation in newly weaned piglets fed high-CP diets. To study the synergistic effects of CP and FC on gut health and its consequences for growth performance, 272 newly weaned piglets (26 d of age, 8.7 kg of BW) were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, with low and high CP and low and high FC content as the factors. Eight piglets from each dietary treatment were killed on d 7 postweaning. Feces and digesta from ileum and colon were collected to determine nutrient digestibility, fermentation products, and microbial counts. In addition, jejunum tissues samples were collected for intestinal morphology and enzyme activity determination. During the entire 4-wk period, interactions between the dietary CP and FC contents were found for ADFI (P = 0.022), ADG (P = 0.001), and G:F (P = 0.033). The high-FC content reduced ADFI, ADG, and G:F in the low-CP diet, whereas the FC content did not affect growth performance in the high-CP diet. Lowering the CP content of the low-FC diet improved ADFI and ADG, whereas lowering the CP content of the high-FC diet did not influence growth performance. The low-CP diets resulted in a lower concentration of ammonia in the small intestine (P = 0.003), indicating reduced protein fermentation. In the small intestine, the high FC content increased the number of lactobacilli (P = 0.047), tended to decrease the number of coliforms (P = 0.063), tended to increase the lactic acid content (P = 0.080), and reduced the concentration of ammonia (P = 0.049). In the colon, the high-FC diets increased the concentration of total VFA (P = 0.009), acetic acid (P = 0.003), and butyric acid (P = 0.018), and tended to decrease the ammonia concentration (P = 0.076). Intestinal morphology and activity of brush border enzymes were not affected by the diet, although maltase activity tended to decrease with increasing dietary FC (P = 0.061). We concluded that an increase in the dietary FC content, and to a lesser extent a decrease in the CP content, reduced ammonia concentrations and altered the microflora and fermentation patterns in the gastrointestinal tract of weaned piglets. However, these effects were not necessarily reflected by an increased growth performance of the piglets.     

酪酸菌对弱仔猪生长性能的影响

为了研究酪酸菌对弱仔猪生长性能的影响,试验选用30头25日龄断奶弱仔猪,随机分为两组,Ⅰ组(对照组)20头,平均分为两栏;Ⅱ组(试验组)10头。Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ组在基础日粮中添加0.4%的酪酸菌,试验期为14d。结果表明,Ⅰ组仔猪平均日增重为201.8g,腹泻率为11.43%;Ⅱ组仔猪平均日增重为223.6g,腹泻率为6.43%。Ⅱ组仔猪平均日增重显著高于Ⅰ组(0.01相似文献   

Effects of dietary fermentable carbohydrates on energy metabolism in group-housed sows

The effect of dietary nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP) content on the metabolic rate in group-housed sows was studied. Twelve groups of six nonpregnant sows were each fed one of four experimental diets similar in composition except for the starch and NSP content. Exchanging sugar beet pulp silage (SBPS) for tapioca created the difference in starch and NSP ratio in the diet. On a DM basis, diets contained 0, 10, 20, or 30% SBPS. Sows were group-housed and fed at 1.30 times the assumed maintenance energy requirements. Nitrogen and energy balances were measured per group during a 7-d experimental period, which was preceded by a 33-d adaptation period. Both digestibility and metabolizability of energy decreased with increasing dietary SBPS content (P < 0.05). Heat production and energy retention were unaffected by the exchange of starch for NSP (P > 0.1). Based on energy retention data and apparent fecal digestibilities of crude protein, crude fat, starch, and NSP, the estimated net energy value of fermented NSP was 13.4 kJ/g. The present study shows that group-housed sows are capable of using energy from fermented NSP (i.e., NSP from SBPS) as efficiently as energy from digested starch (i.e., starch from tapioca).     

双岐杆菌对仔猪生长性能的影响

在30～75日龄仔猪的基础日粮中添加不同剂量的有益优势菌双歧杆菌，添加剂量为每千克饲料18mI双歧杆菌发酵液[活菌数为（7-8）×10^10个／ml]的试验Ⅱ组对仔猪的生长性能表现出较好的效果，其平均末重23．100kg,平均净增重16．375kg，平均日增重364g，料重比1．37：1；与对照组相比平均末重高出42．8％，平均净增重高出54．8％，平均日增重高出54．9％，差异均显著（P〈0．05），每增加1kg活重比对照组少耗0．8kg饲料。说明此添加剂量对30—75日龄仔猪的生长有明显的促进作用。     

乳清粉含量对刚断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

研究不同水平的乳清粉 (5 %、10 %、20 % )对刚断奶仔猪生产性能的影响 ,结果表明 :随乳清粉水平的增加 ,仔猪生产性能随着增加 ,尤其是刚断奶后2周 ,各组间日增重差异显著 (P<0.05) ,日采食量20 %乳清粉组较5 %和10 %乳清粉组分别提高15.96 %和19.71 %,饲料增重比随乳清粉水平的增加呈现降低趋势。在整个试验期 ,各组间日增重达显著水平 (P=0.02) ,日采食量接近显著水平 (P=0.08) ,饲料增重比10 %和20 %乳清粉组较5 %乳清粉组分别降低15.71 %和22.82 %。从经济效益上分析 ,以20 %乳清粉组最佳。     

双歧杆菌对仔猪生长性能的影响

在30~75日龄仔猪的基础日粮中添加不同剂量的有益优势菌双歧杆菌,添加剂量为每千克饲料18ml双歧杆菌发酵液[活菌数为(7~8)×1010个/ml]的试验Ⅱ组对仔猪的生长性能表现出较好的效果,其平均末重23.100kg,平均净增重16.375kg,平均日增重364g,料重比1.37:1;与对照组相比平均末重高出42.8%,平均净增重高出54.8%,平均日增重高出54.9%,差异均显著(P<0.05),每增加1kg活重比对照组少耗0.8kg饲料。说明此添加剂量对30~75日龄仔猪的生长有明显的促进作用。     

Effects of dietary fermentable carbohydrates on behavior and heat production in group-housed sows

The effects of dietary nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) on behavior and heat production in group-housed sows were studied. Twelve groups of six nonpregnant sows were fed one of four experimental diets that were similar in composition except for starch and NSP contents. Exchanging sugar beet pulp silage (SBPS) for tapioca created the difference in dietary starch and NSP ratio. On a dry matter (DM) basis, diets contained 0, 10, 20, or 30% SBPS. Sows were group-housed. Intake of fermentable NSP (fNSP) for diets containing 0, 10, 20, or 30% SBPS averaged 7.06, 9.18, 11.61, and 13.73 g x kg(-0.75) d(-1), respectively. Sows were fed, once a day at 0800. Dry matter intake for diets containing 0, 10, 20, or 30% SBPS, averaged 38.05, 38.38, 38.53, and 38.35 g x kg(-075) x d(-1), respectively, and ME intake averaged 523, 518, 514, and 493 kJ x kg(-0.75) x d(-1), respectively. On average, sows spent 177 min/d on physical activity, of which 8.8% was spent on eating. Time spent in physical activity was affected by diet (P = 0.005). Sows fed 0 or 10% SBPS spent more time on physical activity than sows fed 20 or 30% SBPS (P = 0.002). Energy cost of physical activity averaged 464 kJ x kg(-0.75) x d(-1) (standard estimated mean of 31) and was similar for diets (P = 0.679). Total heat production (HP) and activity-related heat production (AHP) were affected by diet (P < 0.05). Sows tended to be quieter when fNSP intake increased (P = 0.063). The effect of fNSP intake on HP and AHP was not constant during the day. During the night period, fNSP intake did not affect HP and AHP (P > 0.10). During the day period, increased fNSP intake decreased HP (P = 0.006) and tended to decrease AHP (P = 0.062). During eating, increased fNSP intake increased HP (P = 0.012) and tended to increase AHP (P = 0.074). Despite similar DMI, sows fed 0 or 10% SBPS spent less time eating than sows fed 20 or 30% SBPS (P = 0.009). Feed consumption rate was higher (P = 0.003) in groups fed 0 or 10% SBPS than in groups fed 20 or 30% SBPS. Feed consumption rate decreased by 0.19 g DM x kg(-0.75). min(-1) (P = 0.003) for each gram of fNSP intake. The energy saving effect of physical activity on the NE value of fNSP from SBPS ranged between 2.3 and 3.7 kJ/g of fNSP intake. In conclusion, intake of fNSP from SBPS affected energy expenditure for physical activity (P = 0.063); however, this effect was not constant during the day.     

溶菌酶对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

试验选取28日龄杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪60头,始重差异不显著(P>0.05),随机分成3组,每组20头,分别为对照组(日粮中不添加溶菌酶)、试验Ⅰ组(每吨日粮添加溶菌酶300g)、试验Ⅱ组(每吨日粮添加溶菌酶500g),每组2个重复,每个重复组10头,试验期为4周。试验结果表明:与对照组相比,在断奶仔猪日粮中添加溶菌酶500g/t能够控制腹泻、提高日增重16.68%,差异显著(P<0.05);降低料重比12.00%,差异显著(P<0.05),可以替代抗生素。