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1.
Food regime theory focuses upon the dynamics, and agents, of change in capitalist food and farming systems. Its exponents
have been able to identify relatively stable periods of capital accumulation in the agri-food industries, along with the periods
of transition. Recently, scholars have argued that—following a first food regime based upon colonial trade in bulk commodities
like wheat and sugar, and a second food regime typified by industrial agriculture and manufactured foods—there is an emerging
third food regime. This new regime is one that is lead by global corporations that are profiting from the re-organisation
of agri-food chains. The delivery of ‘fresh/healthy’ foods is one manifestation; another is the sale, by supermarkets, of
ready-meals and other own-brand products. This paper argues that behind the movement to a putative Third Food Regime are changes
to the financial system. ‘Financialisation’—the increased influence of finance capital on the agri-food system—not only provides
new opportunities for profit-making by hedge funds and private equity consortia, but also creates a situation in which agri-food
companies, including food manufacturers, international commodity traders and supermarkets, may benefit. Supermarkets for example,
are moving into banking, and are altering their role as they move from being retailers of products, into the provision of
capital. Food regime theory needs to consider what lies ‘behind’ the transformation of food and fibre production, to examine
not only the role of finance capital in re-shaping relations up and down the agri-food supply chain, but also investigating
the tendency for agri-food capitals to seek profits from financial transactions. 相似文献
2.
Lena Partzsch 《Agriculture and Human Values》2011,28(3):413-425
The biofuel boom is placing enormous demands on existing cropping systems, with the most crucial consequences in the agri-food
sector. The biofuel industry is responding by initiating private governance and certification. The Roundtable on Sustainable
Palm Oil (RSPO) and the Cramer Commission, among others, have formulated criteria on “sustainable” biofuel production and
processing. This article explores the legitimacy of private governance and certification by the biofuel industry, highlighting
opportunities and challenges. It argues that the concept of output based legitimacy is problematic in the case of biofuel
as long as no consensus or commonly agreed “best” solution has been established on what sustainable biofuel production is.
Furthermore, it shows that the private governance initiatives analyzed fail to adequately include actors from developing countries.
Finally, the article argues that we need mechanisms for control and accountability in order to guarantee that the political
output of biofuel certification serves the common welfare. 相似文献
3.
Previous work in the agri-food tradition has framed food auditing as a novelty characteristic of a shift to neoliberal governance
in agri-food systems and has tackled the analysis of food “quality” in the same light. This article argues that agri-food
scholars’ recent interest in the contested qualities of food needs to be situated alongside a much longer history of contested
cultural attributions of trust in food relations. It builds on an earlier discussion suggesting that, although neoliberalism
has undoubtedly opened up new spaces for audit activity, older political and social dynamics operating around food audits
were established long before the neoliberal historical moment. Breaking new ground (as far as is known) by looking further
back than the early history of the organic social movement, it examines intersections of religious food auditing, migrant
food culture, and commercial dynamics in food systems. Based on secondary sources, two contrasting case studies are presented
to illustrate the flux and complexity for: New World Diaspora migrants to New York City of assuring food was kosher; and more recent Maghrebi migrants to southwest France of assuring food is halal. The article concludes by noting that the neoliberal moment stands not as the unique progenitor of a new style of food authority,
but rather as the latest response to a wider rupture in the historically contingent arbitration of new forms of trust in food. 相似文献
4.
In an increasingly globalized food economy, local agri-food initiatives are promoted as more sustainable alternatives, both for small-scale producers and ecologically conscious consumers. However, revitalizing local agri-food communities in rural agro-industrial regions is particularly challenging. This case study examines Grant and Chelan Counties, two industrial farming regions in rural Central Washington State, distant from the urban fringe. Farmers in these counties have tried diversifying large-scale processing into organics and marketing niche and organic produce at popular farmers markets in Seattle about 200 miles away. Such strategies invoke the question, “How are ‘local’ agri-food networks socially and geographically defined?” The meaning of what constitutes “local” and/or “sustainable” systems merits consideration in the linking of these rural counties with distant urban farmers markets. Employing historical, in-depth interview and survey research, we analyze production and consumption networks and the non-market systems that residents in these counties access for self-provisioning and food security. 相似文献
5.
Victual Vicissitudes: Consumer Deskilling and the (Gendered) Transformation of Food Systems 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A considerable literature addresses worker deskilling in manufacturing and the related loss of control over production processes
experienced by farmers and others working in the agri-food industry. Much less attention has been directed at a parallel process
of consumer deskilling in the food system, which has been no less important. Consumer deskilling in its various dimensions
carries enormous consequences for the restructuring of agro-food systems and for consumer sovereignty, diets, and health.
The prevalence of packaged, processed, and industrially transformed foodstuffs is often explained in terms of consumer preference
for convenience. A closer look at the social construction of “consumers” reveals that the agro-food industry has waged a double
disinformation campaign to manipulate and to re-educate consumers while appearing to respond to consumer demand. Many consumers
have lost the knowledge necessary to make discerning decisions about the multiple dimensions of quality, including the contributions
a well-chosen diet can make to health, planetary sustainability, and community economic development. They have also lost the
skills needed to make use of basic commodities in a manner that allows them to eat a high quality diet while also eating lower
on the food chain and on a lower budget. This process has a significant gender dimension, as it is the autonomy of those primarily
responsible for purchasing and preparing foodstuffs that has been systematically undermined. Too often, food industry professionals
and regulatory agencies have been accessories to this process by misdirecting attention to the less important dimensions of
quality.
JoAnn Jaffe teaches rural, environmental, and development sociology, the sociology of gender, and theory in the Department of Sociology
and Social Studies of the University of Regina.
Michael Gertler teaches rural sociology, the sociology of communities, and the sociology of agriculture in the Department of Sociology at
the University of Saskatchewan. He holds a cross appointment in the Centre for the Study of Co-operatives. 相似文献
6.
Anne Tallontire Maggie Opondo Valerie Nelson Adrienne Martin 《Agriculture and Human Values》2011,28(3):427-441
The significance of private standards and associated local level initiatives in agri-food value chains are increasingly recognised.
However whilst issues related to compliance and impact at the smallholder or worker level have frequently been analysed, the
governance implications in terms of how private standards affect national level institutions, public, private and non-governmental,
have had less attention. This article applies an extended value chain framework for critical analysis of Private Standards
Initiatives (PSIs) in agrifood chains, drawing on primary research on PSIs operating in Kenyan horticulture (Horticulture
Ethical Business Initiative and KenyaGAP). The paper explores the legislative, executive and judicial aspects of governance
in these southern PSIs highlighting how different stakeholders shape debates and act with agency. It is argued that governance
is exercised ‘beyond the vertical’ in that one can identify wider horizontal processes of governance, including how the scope
of key debates is constructed (especially in legislative governance) but analysis of executive governance emphasises the dominant
role of the lead buyers. 相似文献
7.
8.
The transnational agrarian movement La Via Campesina (LVC) seeks to reestablish food sovereignty authority within national borders by removing agriculture from the WTO system. The WTO is a membership organization of participating nation-states that have agreed to abide by the rules of the WTO governance regime. Nominally, at least, changes in these governance rules must be approved by the nation-state members. This paper examines the extent to which South Korean affiliate organizations of LVC, the Korean Peasant League and the Korean Women Peasants Association, have been successful in placing food sovereignty issues on the national agri-food policy agenda in South Korea that challenge the WTO??s neoliberal global governance regime for agriculture. In effect, the success of transnational movements like LVC in challenging global institutions may rest on how well their member affiliates are able to play domestic agri-food politics. 相似文献
9.
10.
Richard Philip Lee 《Agriculture and Human Values》2012,29(1):79-91
In this paper I examine how knowledge claims operating through two types of governance techniques can guide product innovations
in the agri-food sector. The notion that knowledge claims have strong social and material components informs the analysis
undertaken, developed through a discussion of social science approaches to the role of human groups and biophysical properties
in social change. I apply this socio-technical perspective to two case studies: defining dietary fiber and reducing saturated
fat. The first involves attempts to produce an international definition of dietary fiber standards in the Codex Alimentarius
Commission. The second involves efforts by food manufacturers to reduce the saturated fat content of food products in line
with UK government guidelines. The case studies draw upon observations, document analysis, and over forty interviews. I suggest
that although knowledge claims are active constituents of both governance processes, important differences are evident and
arise from the history of scientific and technical controversies, and from the scope for articulating broader questions. In
particular, the different criteria for judging “success” guide how knowledge claims are implicated in the governance of product
innovation. I suggest that further work is required to understand the wider implications of efforts to change the composition
of foods, not only for public heath, but also in relation to food security, quality, safety, and availability in a rapidly
changing context. In order to do this successfully, knowledge claims made about the material properties of food should be
made objects of social science analysis. 相似文献
11.
12.
Patrick D Hopkins 《农业科学学报》2015,14(2):264-272
This paper examines the media coverage of the 2013 London cultured meat tasting event, particularly in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Using major news outlets, prominent magazines covering food and science issues, and advocacy websites concerning meat consumption, the paper characterizes the overall emphases of the coverage, the tenor of the coverage, and compares the media portrayal of the important issues to the demographic and psychological realities of the actual consumer market into which cultured meat will compete. In particular, the paper argues that Western media gives a distorted picture of what obstacles are in the path of cultured meat acceptance, especially by overemphasizing and overrepresenting the importance of the reception of cultured meat among vegetarians. Promoters of cultured meat should recognize the skewed impression that this media coverage provides and pay attention to the demographic data that suggests strict vegetarians are a demographically negligible group. Resources for promoting cultured meat should focus on the empirical demographics of the consumer market and the empirical psychology of mainstream consumers. 相似文献
13.
Tim G. B. Hart 《Agriculture and Human Values》2011,28(3):321-333
Technologies and services provided to resource-poor farmers need to be relevant and compatible with the context in which they
operate. This paper examines the contribution of extension services to the food security of resource-poor farmers in a rural
village in South Africa. It considers these in terms of the local context and the production of African vegetables in household
food plots. A mixture of participatory, qualitative and quantitative research tools, including a household survey, is used
to argue that local production practices contribute more to food security requirements than the extension services. This is
because of the ability of African vegetables to grow relatively well in semi-arid areas where other exotic plants do not,
their ability to provide at least two foodstuffs during their life cycle, and the ability of either the fruit or the leaves,
or both, to be dried and stored for consumption in the winter months. These crops can make a significant contribution in terms
of household food security, but a number of social and agroecological factors are constraining their production and placing
their availability under threat. Despite this, the extension services remain focused on certain activities within vegetable
garden projects, even when these are not meeting their proposed purpose—food security by means of cash-crop production. The
paper concludes that social and agroecological constraints could be improved if the extension services were changed. This
could include the use of context specific and low-cost technologies to ensure that these crops are able to increase their
contribution to household food security for resource-poor farmers in semi-arid areas. 相似文献
14.
Spencer Henson 《Agriculture and Human Values》2011,28(3):443-451
This paper concludes the special issue of Agriculture and Human Values devoted to private governance of global agri-food systems. Rather than aiming to summarize the findings of the various papers
that make up the issue, it highlights a number of cross-cutting issues relating to the increasing role of private governance.
Key issues that are discussed include the legitimacy of private governance of agri-food systems and the scope for trade-off
between its various dimensions, private governance in a global context and the motivation for firms to engage in governance.
Throughout, the major focus is on unresolved issues and on-going controversies with the intention of stimulating further research
in this area. 相似文献
15.
Phil Mount 《Agriculture and Human Values》2012,29(1):107-121
“Scaling-up” is the next hurdle facing the local food movement. In order to effect broader systemic impacts, local food systems
(LFS) will have to grow, and engage either more or larger consumers and producers. Encouraging the involvement of mid-sized
farms looks to be an elegant solution, by broadening the accessibility of local food while providing alternative revenue streams
for troubled family farms. Logistical, structural and regulatory barriers to increased scale in LFS are well known. Less is
understood about the way in which scale developments affect the perception and legitimacy of LFS. This value-added opportunity
begs the question: Is the value that adheres to local food scalable? Many familiar with local food discourse might suggest
that important pieces of added value within LFS are generated by the reconnection of producer and consumer, the direct exchange
through which this occurs, and the shared goals and values that provide the basis for reconnection. However, these assertions
are based on tenuous assumptions about how interactions within the direct exchange produce value, and how LFS are governed.
Examination shows that existing assumptions do not properly acknowledge the hybridity, diversity, and flexibility inherent
in LFS. A clear analysis of the potential of scale in LFS will depend on understanding both how value is determined within
LFS, and the processes through which these systems are governed. Such an analysis shows that, while scaled-up LFS will be
challenged to maintain legitimacy and an identity as “alternative”, the establishment of an open governance process—based
on a “negotiation of accommodations”—is likely to enhance their viability. 相似文献
16.
Farm to school programs are at the vanguard of efforts to create an alternative agrifood system in the United States. Regionally-based,
mid-tier food distributors may play an important role in harnessing the potential of farm to school programs to create viable
market opportunities for small- and mid-size family farmers, while bringing more locally grown fresh food to school cafeterias.
This paper focuses on the perspectives of food distributors. Our findings suggest that the food distributors profiled have
the potential to help institutionalize farm to school programs. Notably, their relationships with farmers may be a critical
element in expanding the scale and scope of local school food procurement. Their ability to catalyze local school food procurement
however, is limited by the structural context in which farm to school programs operate. Specifically, the oppositional school
year and agriculture production cycle, and tight food service budget constraints disembed and limit the potential of farm
to school programs to decrease the “marketness” of school food procurement and to shift it from a process based largely on
price to one that is more territorially embedded. As farm to school programs continue to gain support, regionally-based food
distributors that have the meaningful relationships necessary to re-embed the school food service market back into the larger
society may be critical to enabling advocates to achieve their goals. 相似文献
17.
Knowledge is a presumed motivator for changed consumption practices in ethical eating discourse: the consumer learns more about where their food comes from and makes different consumption choices. Despite intuitive appeal, scholars are beginning to illuminate the limits of knowledge-focused praxis for ethical eating. In this paper, we draw from qualitative interviews and focus groups with Toronto mothers to explore the role of knowledge in conceptions of ethical foodwork. While the goal of educating children about their food has become central to Canadian and American discourses of “good” mothering, we identify a paradoxical maternal expectation surrounding meat consumption: (1) to raise informed child consumers who know where their food comes from, and (2) to protect children from the harsh realities of animal slaughter. Rather than revealing the story behind the meat on a child’s plate, mothers seek to shield children from knowledge of meat production. Our analysis of the child consumer contributes to ethical eating scholarship and illuminates a larger paradox surrounding knowledge of meat in an industrialized food system. In the practice of feeding children, mothers confront the visceral discomforts of meat consumption; their reactions speak to discordant feelings involved with eating meat in a setting far-removed from the lives and deaths of animals. Ultimately, the paper illustrates the limits of consumer-focused strategies for food-system change that call on individual mothers to educate young consumers and protect childhood innocence, all while getting ethically-sourced meals on the table. 相似文献
18.
Albania is facing serious problems with the national food safety control system in terms of legislation, control and enforcement. The objective of this paper is to analyse consumer perceptions about safety of small ruminant meat in Tirana, in a context of weak enforcement of the food safety system. Applying two-step clustering analyses, consumers were classified in four socio-demographic clusters, and it was found that the cluster composed of female consumers with lower education and income levels, and the two clusters composed of male consumers perceive consumed meat as safe. Consumers in the cluster composed of females with university education and higher income are, on average, more concerned with current meat safety measures and tend to place more trust in the veterinarian stamp on meat carcasses rather than in local butchers. 相似文献
19.
Laura B. DeLind 《Agriculture and Human Values》2011,28(2):273-283
Much is being made of local food. It is at once a social movement, a diet, and an economic strategy—a popular solution—to
a global food system in great distress. Yet, despite its popularity or perhaps because of it, local food (especially in the
US) is also something of a chimera if not a tool of the status quo. This paper reflects on and contrasts aspects of current
local food rhetoric with Dalhberg’s notion of a regenerative food system. It identifies three problematic emphases—the locavore
emphasis, the Wal-Mart emphasis, and the Pollan emphasis—and argues that they are shifting local food (as a concept and a
social movement) away from the deeper concerns of equity, citizenship, place-building, and sustainability. It is suggested
that local food activists and advocates might consider the use of multiple methodologies and forms of expression to explore
the integration and reintegration of local food into diverse and redundant place-based practice. A short case study of a low-income,
urban neighborhood in Lansing, Michigan, illustrates the value of contextual analysis for more fully enabling the local food
movement and a regenerative food system. 相似文献
20.
Farmers’ markets have enjoyed a resurgence in the past two decades in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. This
increase in popularity is attributed to a host of environmental, social, and economic factors, often related to the alleged
benefits of local food, alternative farming, and producer–consumer interactions. Steeped in tradition, there are also widely
held assumptions related to the type of food and food vendors that belong at a farmers’ market in addition to the type of
experience that should take place. There remains a need to explore and analyze these fundamental aspects of the farmers’ market
and to consider how they influence their formation and function. This paper argues that discourses of authenticity are central
to the identity of the farmers’ market, and that they are constructed differently “from above” by those seeking to regulate
farmers’ markets in particular jurisdictions and “from below” by managers, producers, and consumers at individual markets.
A literature-based discussion is complemented and grounded by consideration of institutional statements regarding authenticity
and of key results from a survey of managers, food vendors, and customers at 15 farmers’ markets in Ontario, Canada. It is
demonstrated that while the general discourse about authenticity at the farmers’ market is built around strict, almost ideological
assumptions about the presence of “local food” and those who produce it, community-level responses reflect considerable diversity
in the interpretation and composition of the farmers’ market. It is suggested that a binary view of authenticity, where some
farmers’ markets are cast as “real” and others presumably not, is highly problematic as it tends to ignore a large and important
middle ground with multiple identities. 相似文献