狼尾草属牧草rDNA的ITS序列分析

对来自福建、江苏、海南等15份狼尾草属牧草的5.8SrDNA、ITS1及ITS2片段进行克隆及序列分析,并登录于GenBank数据库,采用DNAMAN、CLUSTALX、MEGA等软件分析其遗传关系聚类图。结果显示,克隆的目的片段长度为573～586bp,聚类结果总体能较好地反应狼尾草属牧草之间的遗传距离,其中杂交狼尾草和细茎杂交狼尾草可能存在着同种异名的现象。     

牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒tk基因的克隆

根据牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒ＬＡ株的物理图谱及Ｃｏｐｅｒ株和ＬＡ标ｔｋ基因在基因组中的定位，将ＬＡ株ＤＮＡ ＨｉｎｄⅢＡ片段中的ＳａｌＩ－ＳａｌＩ亚片段、ＢｇｌⅢ－ＳａｌＩ双酶切亚片段分别克隆到载体质粒ｐＢｌｕｅｓｃｒｉｐｔＳＫ中，筛选出３个重组质粒ｐ＾ｔｋ－１，Ｐｔｋ－２和Ｐｔｋ－３，其外源片段大小分别为２．７ｋｂ，１．１ｋｂ和１．６ｋｂ。经酶切分析及同源核酸探针杂交试验表明，２．７ｋｂ ＳａｌＩ－     

由表达嵌合IBDV结构蛋白的重组杆状病毒诱导的主动交…

编码在ＩＢＤＶ变异株ＧＬＳ大基因组片段Ａ的ＶＰ２结构基因经过修饰后，编译出只在ＩＢＤＶ标准株才能见到的中和表位，编码有ＶＰ３，ＶＰ４的大片段Ａ的一个嵌合ｃＤＮＡ克隆和修饰过的变异ＩＢＤＶＶＰ２结构蛋白在一重组杆状病毒中得到表达。用一组中和单抗（ＭＡｂ）对表达的嵌合蛋白评价后指出，此嵌合蛋白不仅含有以前用ＭＡｂ鉴定过的所有ＧＬＳ变异株表位，而且还含有只有标准株才见到的Ｂ５９中和表位，这种亚单位疫苗对     

鸡毒支原体PCR检测及特异扩增片断的克隆与测序

根据Ｅ．Ｒ．Ｎascimento等人鸡毒支原体（Ｍycoplasma gallisepricum,ＭＧ）基因文库 分离的种特异性片段fＭＧ－２序列,设计合成一对长２５bp的引物Ｌ１Ｒ１,经ＰＣＲ反 应条伯优化选择,对５株ＭＧＤＮＡ扩增均产生出预期的７３２bp特异扩增片断,而不能扩增滑液支原体（Ｍycoplasma synouiae,ＭＳ）、Ｅ．coli、ＰＵＣ１９质粒ＤＮＡ,符合 设计要求;ＤＩＧ随机引物法标记扩增产物ＤＮＡ探针,与上述菌株ＤＮＡ Ｄot-blot杂交     

甜菜碱代替部分蛋氨酸对肉仔鸡生产性能和胴体品质影响的研究

甜菜碱代替部分蛋氨酸对肉仔鸡生产性能和胴体品质影响的研究ＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＳＵＢＳＴＩＴＵＴＩＯＮＯＦＢＥＴＡＩＮＧＦＯＲＳＯＭＥＰＡＲＴＯＦＭＥＴＨＩＯＮＩＮＧＯＮＰＥＲＦＯＲＭＡＮＣＥＡＮＤＣＡＲＣＡＳＳＱＵＡＬＩＴＹＯＦＢＲＯＩＬＥＲＳＤｅｎｇＹ...     

减蛋综合征病毒全基因组DNA文库的构建及物理图谱分析

Ｅ Ｄ Ｓ Ｖ Ａ Ａ２ 株纯化 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 经 Ｈｉｎｄ Ⅲ、 ＰｓｔⅠ和 Ｓｐｈ Ⅰ水解后, 分别提取 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 片段并克隆至ｐ Ｂｌｕｅｓｃｒｉｐｔ Ｋ Ｓ（ ＋ ） 和ｐ Ｇ Ｅ Ｍ３ Ｚｆ （ ＋ ） 载体, 构建了 Ｅ Ｄ Ｓ Ｖ 全基因文库。根据 Ｅ Ｄ Ｓ Ｖ Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 片段和基因组 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 电泳迁移率计算, Ｅ Ｄ Ｓ Ｖ 基因组大小为３２９ｋｂ , 通过克隆片段酶谱鉴定, 杂交建立了 Ｅ Ｄ Ｓ Ｖ 限制性内切酶 Ｈｉｎｄ Ⅲ、 Ｐｓｔ Ⅰ和 Ｓｐｈ Ⅰ的物理图谱。     

DNA—RNA杂交检测传染性支气管炎病毒

以光敏生物毒标记传染性支气管炎病毒Ａｒｋ株３’末端及部分Ｎ蛋白基因的ｃＤＮＡ克隆片段，进而与提取的ＩＢＶ标准毒株Ｍ４１，Ｈ５２和分离的ＹＧ以及新城疫病毒，传染性法氏囊炎病毒、病毒性关节炎病毒的标准株ＬａＳｏｔａ，Ｄ７８和Ｓ１１３３的ＲＮＡ进行斑点杂交试验。     

2型犬腺病毒DNA不同酶酶切片段E3区定位研究

从２型犬腺病毒的ＭＤＣＫ细胞培养物中提取线状双链病毒基因组ＤＮＡ，利用限制性内切酶ＰｓｔＩ、ＢｇｌⅠ和ＨｉｎｄⅢ分别进行酶切，在１％琼脂糖凝胶上电泳，随后Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹到尼龙膜上，利用Ｄｉｇｏｘｉｎ标记的２型犬腺病毒Ｅ３区ＰＣＲ产物与膜上ＤＮＡ杂交，结果发现，Ｅ３区探针分别与病毒ＤＮＡ的ＰｓｔＩＢ片段、ＢｇｌＩＡｌ片段和ＨｉｎｄⅢＡ２、Ｂ２片段呈现阳性杂交反应，该结果为Ｅ３区的克隆及犬腺病毒     

结缕草属植物SRAP－PCR体系的建立和优化

以ＳＤＳ法提取的结缕草属植物叶片ＤＮＡ 为模板,分别采用单因子试验和正交设计试验２种方法,对影响结缕草属植物ＳＲＡＰ－ＰＣＲ 的MG²⁺ 、ｄＮＴＰ、引物、ＴａｑＤＮＡ 聚合酶和模板ＤＮＡ 五个因素进行优化试验。单因子试验分别研究各因素在多水平条件下对ＳＲＡＰ－ＰＣＲ 反应体系的影响,得到最佳反应条件。正交设计采用Ｌ１６（４５）方案,综合考虑各因素间的相互作用,通过直观分析法获得各影响因素的最佳反应水平。根据４对引物对６ 份结缕草属植物材料扩增结果的验证比较,２种方法所获得的最佳反应体系存在一定的差异。通过综合比较和分析２种方法的优化体系扩增出的条带数、多态性条带数及多态性比率,最终建立了结缕草属植物ＳＲＡＰ－ＰＣＲ 的最佳反应体系：MG²⁺２．００ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ、ｄＮＴＰ２２０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ、引物０．２０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ、ＴａｑＤＮＡ 聚合酶０．５０Ｕ、模板ＤＮＡ６０ｎｇ、２μＬ１０×ｂｕｆｆｅｒ,总体积为２０μＬ。这一优化体系的建立为今后利用ＳＲＡＰ标记技术进行结缕草属植物遗传多样性、种质鉴定、遗传连锁图谱及亲缘关系分析等方面的研究提供了科学的依据。     

组织型纤溶酶原激活剂cDNA在BHK21细胞中的表达

将组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（ｔ－ＰＡ）基因ｃＤＮＡ经多次亚克隆插入到真核表达载体ｐＳＶＬ的ＳＶ４０启动子和ｐｃＤＮＡ３的ＣＭＶ启动子下游,构建了重组表达质粒ｐＳＶＬ－ｔＰＡ和ｐｃＤＮＡ３－ｔＰＡ。分别将这２种表达质粒以脂质体载体法转染ＢＨＫ２１细胞,ＥＬＩＳＡ检测结果表明,ｐＳＶＬ－ｔＰＡ和ｐｃＤＮＡ３－ｔＰＡ在哺乳动物细胞中能够表达,７２ｈ表达量分别是５２．８μｇ／Ｌ和７０．４μｇ／Ｌ。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.