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1.
T. Miedaner C. Bolduan A. E. Melchinger 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,127(1):113-123
Fusarium graminearum and F. verticillioides are among the most important pathogens causing ear rot of maize in Central Europe. Our objectives were to (1) compare eight
isolates of each species on two susceptible inbred lines for their variation in ear rot rating and mycotoxin production across
3 years, and (2) analyse two susceptible and three resistant inbred lines for potential isolate x line interactions across
2 years by silk-channel inoculation. Ear rot rating, zearalenone (ZEA) and deoxynivalenol (DON) concentrations were evaluated
for all F. graminearum isolates. In addition, nivalenol (NIV) concentrations were analysed for two NIV producers. Fumonisin (FUM) concentrations
were measured for all F. verticillioides isolates. Mean ear rot severity was highest for DON producers of F. graminearum (62.9% of the ear covered by mycelium), followed by NIV producers of the same species (24.2%) and lowest for F. verticillioides isolates (9.8%). For the latter species, ear rot severities differed highly among years (2006: 24%, 2007: 3%, 2008: 7%). Mycotoxin concentrations among isolates showed
a broad range (DON: 100–284 mg kg−1, NIV: 15–38 mg kg−1, ZEA: 1.1–49.5 mg kg−1, FUM: 14.5–57.5 mg kg−1). Genotypic variances were significant for isolates and inbred lines in all traits and for both species. Isolate x line interactions
were significant only for ear rot rating (P < 0.01) and DON concentration (P < 0.05) of the F. graminearum isolates, but no rank reversals occurred. Most isolates were capable of differentiating the susceptible from the resistant
lines for ear rot severity. For resistance screening, a sufficiently aggressive isolate should be used to warrant maximal
differentiation among inbred lines. With respect to F. verticillioides infections, high FUM concentrations were found in grains from ears with minimal disease symptoms. 相似文献
2.
Brita Dahl Jensen Kamilla Knorr Mogens Nicolaisen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2016,146(3):657-670
Competitive effects between Fusarium graminearum, causing Fusarium head blight, and the endophyte Epicoccum nigrum, were performed in in vitro competition assays between the two species. Two E. nigrum isolates were isolated from wheat grains and tested as competitors against two F. graminearum isolates. A dual petri dish assay showed that E. nigrum reduced the mycelial growth of F. graminearum and vice versa. A glass slide assay revealed that E. nigrum crude cultural filtrate also had reducing effect on the growth of F. graminearum comparable to that of E. nigrum spore suspensions. Microscopy showed hyphae of F. graminearum and E. nigrum with many side branches when in close proximity, in contrast to pronounced apical hyphal growth when growing alone. Combinations of F. graminearum and E. nigrum on sterilised wheat grains were studied over time by qPCR. F. graminearum biomass was significantly reduced in inoculations applying E. nigrum three days prior to F. graminearum. In conclusion, these results showed competition and mycelial behaviour effects between F. graminearum and E. nigrum and support that E. nigrum may have potential to reduce F. graminearum infections in wheat. Competition experiments should be carried out in planta to study the interaction further. 相似文献
3.
Keisuke Tomioka Yuuri Hirooka Takayuki Aoki Toyozo Sato 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2008,74(3):264-266
Severe rot of leaves, peduncles and flowers caused by Gibberella zeae (anamorph: Fusarium
graminearum) was found on potted plants of hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis), a liliaceous ornamental, in greenhouses in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan, in January 2001. This disease was named “Fusarium
rot of hyacinth” as a new disease because only the anamorph, F.
graminearum, was identified on the diseased host plant.
The authors contributed equally to this work.
The fungal isolate and its nucleotide sequence data obtained in this study were deposited in the Genebank, National Institute
of Agrobiological Sciences and the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under the accession numbers MAFF239499 and AB366161, respectively. 相似文献
4.
Susanne Vogelgsang Franco Widmer Eveline Jenny Jürg Enkerli 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,123(4):477-482
Fifteen novel microsatellite markers were isolated from Fusarium graminearum. The level of polymorphism at these novel and 13 previously published microsatellite markers was analysed in 33 F. graminearum strains from Europe, North America, and Nepal. The number of alleles for each of the novel markers ranged from 4 to 20 and
gene diversity from 0.417 to 0.962. In comparison with the previously published markers, the resolution for distinguishing
among different strains was slightly increased. Twenty-seven markers were also detectable in three F. culmorum strains and one F. crookwellense strain. None of the markers was detected in three F. avenaceum and four F. poae strains, underlining the potential use of these microsatellite markers for species differentiation. 相似文献
5.
Susanne Vogelgsang Michael Sulyok Andreas Hecker Eveline Jenny Rudolf Krska Rainer Schuhmacher Hans-Rudolf Forrer 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,122(2):265-276
In a field experiment between 2004 and 2006, 14 winter wheat varieties were inoculated with either a mixture of three isolates
of F. poae or a mixture of three isolates of F. avenaceum. In a subsequent climate chamber experiment, the wheat variety Apogee was inoculated with individual single conidium isolates
derived from the original poly conidium isolates used in the field. Disease symptoms on wheat heads were visually assessed,
and the yield as well as the fungal incidence on harvested grains (field only) was determined. Furthermore, grains were analysed
using LC-MS/MS to determine the content of Fusarium mycotoxins. In samples from field and climate chamber experiments, 60 to 4,860 μg kg−1 nivalenol and 2,400 to 17,000 μg kg−1 moniliformin were detected in grains infected with F. poae and F. avenaceum, respectively. Overall, isolate mixtures and individual isolates of F. avenaceum proved to be more pathogenic than those of F. poae, leading to a higher disease level, yield reductions up to 25%, and greater toxin contamination. For F. poae, all variables except for yield were strongly influenced by variety (field) and by isolate (climate chamber). For F. avenaceum, variety had a strong effect on all variables, but isolate effects on visual disease were not reflected in toxin production.
Correlations between visual symptoms, fungal incidence, and toxin accumulation in grains are discussed. 相似文献
6.
Fusarium head blight in small grain cereals has emerged as a major problem in the Nordic countries. However, the impact of
this disease in oats has been less investigated than in other cereals. For this reason we have studied the infection process
(the optimal time of infection and infection pathways) of Fusarium graminearum in oats and its subsequent effects on kernel infection, deoxynivalenol (DON) content and germination capacity. In a field
experiment the oat cultivar Morton was spray-inoculated at different developmental stages, and the highest kernel infection
and DON content and lowest germination percentage were observed when inoculation took place at anthesis. Field grown oats
affected by a natural Fusarium head blight epidemic and spray-inoculated field and greenhouse oats were used to study the
infection pathway. Results showed that the fungus entered primarily through the floret apex into the floret cavity, where
it could infect via the internal surfaces of the palea, lemma and caryopsis. Both visual symptoms and fungal infections started at the apical
portions of the florets and progressed to the basal portions. Hyphae of F. graminearum grew more profusely on the anthers than on other floret parts during initial stages of infection. Disease development within
the oat panicle was slow and is primarily by physical contact between adjoining florets, indicating that the long pedicels
give Type II resistance in oats. 相似文献
7.
A multiplex PCR assay was developed for simultaneous identification of the species and trichothecene chemotypes for Fusarium asiaticum and F. graminearum sensu stricto based on the genes related to trichothecene biosynthesis. PCR was carried out in a single reaction with three
pairs of primers designed for the tri6 region and one pair of primers designed for tri3. We confirmed that the multiplex PCR was able to identify species and chemotypes for all tested strains of F. asiaticum and F. graminearum s. str. isolated in Japan. This technique would be a useful and rapid tool for diagnosis, epidemiology, and population structure
studies of the F. graminearum complex in Japan. 相似文献
8.
S. A. Palacios G. Giaj Merlera J. Erazo M. M. Reynoso M. C. Farnochi A. M. Torres 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,149(4):969-981
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most important fungal diseases affecting wheat worldwide and it is caused mainly by species within the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC). This study evaluated the presence of FGSC in durum wheat from the main growing area in Argentina and analyzed the trichothecene genotype and chemotype of the strains isolated. Also, the genetic variability of the strains was assayed using ISSR markers. Molecular analysis revealed that among the strains isolated and identified morphologically as F. graminearum, there were 14 strains identified as F. cerealis. Also, it revealed that durum wheat grains were mostly contaminated by F. graminearum, being this the only species reported so far, within the FGSC, affecting durum wheat in Argentina. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated a high genetic variability within rather than between F. graminearum populations. All F. graminearum strains presented 15ADON genotype and were able to produce DON while all F. cerealis strains presented the NIV genotype and most of them were able to produce this toxin. The finding of F. cerealis in durum wheat grains indicates the need for investigating if this fungus is the responsible for the NIV contamination found in wheat in Argentina. 相似文献
9.
Azin Moslemi Peter K. Ades Tim Groom Marc E. Nicolas Paul W.J. Taylor 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,147(1):43-53
Fusarium wilt, one of the destructive diseases of cucumber can be effectively controlled by using biocontrol agents such as Trichoderma harzianum. However, the mechanisms controlling T. harzianum-induced enhanced resistance remain largely unknown in cucumber plants. Here we screened the potent T. harzianum isolate TH58 that could effectively control F. oxysporum (FO). Glasshouse efficacy trials also showed that TH58 decreased disease incidence by 69.7 %. FO induced ROS over accumulation, while TH58 inoculation suppressed ROS over accumulation and improved root cell viability under F. oxysporum infection. TH58 inoculation could reverse the FO-induced cell division block and regulate the proportional distribution of nuclear DNA content through inducing 2C fraction. Moreover, the expression levels of cell cycle-related genes such as CDKA, CDKB, CycA, CycB, CycD3;1 and CycD3;2 in TH58 - pre-inoculated seedlings were up-regulated compared with those infected with FO alone. Taken together, these results suggest that T. harzianum improved plant resistance against Fusarium wilt disease via alterations in nuclear DNA content and cell cycle-related genes expression that might maintain a lower ROS accumulation and higher root cell viability in cucumber seedlings. 相似文献
10.
Abbas Shali Seyedhadi Ghasemi Gholamreza Ahmadian Gholamali Ranjbar Ali Dehestani Naeimeh Khalesi Ebrahim Motallebi Majid Vahed 《Phytoparasitica》2010,38(2):141-147
The possible role of chitinase in in vitro growth inhibition of the wheat pathogens Fusarium graminearum and Bipolaris sorokiniana by Bacillus pumilus SG2 was investigated. B. pumilus SG2, a chitinolytic bacterium producing two different chitinases, was previously isolated from the saline deserts of Iran.
When grown in Spizizen salts medium with colloidal chitin, B. pumilus SG2 secreted two chitinases into the medium, resulting in growth inhibition of F. graminearum and abortion of hyphal elongation of B. sorokiniana. In contrast, when glucose was used as the carbon source, the chitinases were not expressed and antifungal activity of the
B. pumilus SG2 was completely abolished. These results confirmed that expression of the B. pumilus SG2 chitinases is under the control of two types of regulation, special regulation by chitin and global regulation by glucose.
We demonstrated that chitinases are the main components that caused hyphal inhibition activity of B. pumilus SG2. Hyphal inhibition of F. graminearum and B. sorokiniana was stable in agar for a minimum of 14 days. 相似文献
11.
Andreas Goertz Sebastian Zuehlke Michael Spiteller Ulrike Steiner Heinz W. Dehne Cees Waalwijk Ineke de Vries Erich C. Oerke 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,128(1):101-111
High year-to-year variability in the incidence of Fusarium spp. and mycotoxin contamination was observed in a two-year survey investigating the impact of maize ear rot in 84 field
samples from Germany. Fusarium verticillioides, F. graminearum, and F. proliferatum were the predominant species infecting maize kernels in 2006, whereas in 2007 the most frequently isolated species were F. graminearum, F. cerealis and F. subglutinans. Fourteen Fusarium-related mycotoxins were detected as contaminants of maize kernels analyzed by a multi-mycotoxin determination method. In
2006, a growth season characterized by high temperature and low rainfall during anthesis and early grain filling, 75% of the
maize samples were contaminated with deoxynivalenol, 34% with fumonisins and 27% with zearalenone. In 2007, characterized
by moderate temperatures and frequent rainfall during the entire growth season, none of the 40 maize samples had quantifiable
levels of fumonisins while deoxynivalenol and zearalenone were detected in 90% and 93% of the fields, respectively. In addition,
3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxnivalenol, moniliformin, beauvericin, nivalenol and enniatin B were detected as common
contaminants produced in both growing seasons. The results demonstrate a significant mycotoxin contamination associated with
maize ear rots in Germany and indicate, with regard to anticipated climate change, that fumonisins-producing species already
present in German maize production may become more important. 相似文献
12.
Tiphaine Dubos Matias Pasquali Friederike Pogoda Lucien Hoffmann Marco Beyer 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,130(2):239-248
A collection of 55 Fusarium graminearum (Gibberella zeae) strains isolated between 1969 and 2009 in Belgium, Canada, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, or the USA belonging to the three
known chemotypes (3-acetylated deoxynivalenol, 15-acetylated deoxynivalenol and nivalenol) were screened for their sensitivity
towards the fungicide trifloxystrobin using a liquid culture assay. None of the isolates was completely inhibited by trifloxystrobin
concentrations up to 3 mM. For comparison, prothioconazole completely inhibited fungal growth of a standard isolate at concentrations
as low as 0.007 mM. The maximum level of inhibition, which could be obtained by trifloxystrobin, ranged from 14 to 65% among
the strains tested and was not significantly affected by the country of origin or by the chemotype. The absence of significant
differences in resistance levels between the countries of origin and chemotypes as well as the fact that strains isolated
before the market introduction of strobilurins in 1996 also showed a high level of resistance is evidence that this is largely
a case of natural resistance and not primarily related to strobilurin use in agriculture. 相似文献
13.
14.
Anne-Laure Boutigny Jonathan Scauflaire Nicolas Ballois Renaud Ioos 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,148(4):997-1001
The presence of Fusarium temperatum in France was investigated by analyzing 40 Fusarium strains, previously isolated from infected maize ears in 2011 and formerly identified as Fusarium subglutinans based on morphological characteristics. In this study, 26 strains out of the 40 were identified as F. temperatum and 14 as F. subglutinans based on sequencing of the translation elongation factor 1α gene. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the two species represented two clades strongly supported by bootstrap values. The pathogenicity of F. temperatum strains was confirmed on maize ears. This study provides new information about F. temperatum isolated from maize in France. 相似文献
15.
Anne-Laure Boutigny Vessela Atanasova-Pénichon Marion Benet Christian Barreau Florence Richard-Forget 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,127(2):275-286
The effect of natural phenolic acids from wheat bran on type B trichothecene biosynthesis by Fusarium culmorum was investigated in vitro. Durum wheat bran contained various monomeric forms of phenolic acids, with ferulic acid being the most abundant. In addition,
various oligomeric forms of ferulic acid and mainly dimeric forms were also detected. When liquid cultures of F. culmorum were supplemented with a natural wheat bran extract, trichothecene production was fully inhibited. The exact mechanism by
which toxin synthesis is repressed remains to be clarified but we showed that the phenolic acid treatment resulted in a drastic
reduction in the expression level of structural trichothecene biosynthetic genes. The inhibitory efficiency of the natural
phenolic acid extract was significantly higher than that of a reconstituted mixture containing similar concentrations of monomeric
forms. Thus, to elucidate the full repression of type B trichothecene production induced by the natural phenolic acid extract
from wheat bran, two hypotheses can be raised: (i) a synergistic impact of monomeric and dimeric forms of phenolic acids,
(ii) the occurrence of an unidentified oligomeric form able to efficiently repress toxin yield. As a first attempt to investigate
the effect of oligomeric forms, one of the most abundant dimer of ferulic acid, the 8-5′-benzofuran dimer, has been synthesized
in vitro and was shown to inhibit trichothecene biosynthesis to the same extent than the monomer of ferulic acid. 相似文献
16.
Ingerd S. Hofgaard Åshild Ergon Birgitte Henriksen Anne Marte Tronsmo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,128(2):269-281
The effect of potential resistance inducing chemicals on disease development of Fusarium head blight was studied in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). As a pre-screening test, the effect of different treatments on development of Microdochium majus (syn. Microdochium nivale var. majus) was studied in detached leaves. Based on these tests, DL-3-aminobutyric acid, Bion (benzo-(1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothioic
acid S-methyl ester), and a foliar fertilizer containing potassium phosphite were selected for further studies. Greenhouse-grown
winter wheat was sprayed with aqueous solutions of the potential resistance inducers 7 days prior to Fusarium culmorum point inoculation of the heads. Disease development was registered as number of bleached spikelets per inoculated spike.
Spraying plants with the foliar fertilizer reduced the disease severity of F. culmorum by up to 40%. A reduced disease development of M. majus was also observed in detached leaves pre-treated with the foliar fertilizer. When the foliar fertilizer was added to the
growth medium, a reduced in vitro growth of M. majus and F. culmorum was observed, indicating that the effect on disease development is at least partly due to a fungistatic effect. No significant
reduction in disease development was observed in wheat pre-treated with DL-3-aminobutyric acid or Bion, although these compounds
tended to reduce disease development, especially when applied in combination with other potential resistance inducers. We
conclude that spraying winter wheat with a solution containing potassium phosphite can reduce development of M. majus and F. culmorum. 相似文献
17.
Masamichi Isogai Koji Ishii Seisaku Umemoto Manabu Watanabe Nobuyuki Yoshikawa 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2009,75(2):140-143
Virus-like symptoms—red ringspots on stems and leaves, circular blotches or pale spots on fruit—were found on commercial highbush
blueberry (Vaccinium
corymbosum) cultivars Blueray, Weymouth, Duke and Sierra in Japan. In PCR testing, single DNA fragments were amplified from total nucleic
acid samples of the diseased blueberry bushes using primers specific to Blueberry red ringspot virus (BRRV). Sequencing analysis of the amplified products revealed 95.7–97.7% nucleotide sequence identity with the BRRV genome.
This paper is the first report of blueberry red ringspot disease caused by BRRV in Japan.
The nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper are available in the GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ database as accessions AB469884
to AB469893 for BRRV isolates from Japan. 相似文献
18.
Moslem Papizadeh Anne D. van Diepeningen Hamid Reza Zamanizadeh Farkhondeh Saba Hossein Ramezani 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,151(3):689-701
Two Fusarium strains, isolated from Asparagus in Italy and Musa in Vietnam respectively, proved to be members of an undescribed clade within the Fusarium solani species complex based on phylogenetic species recognition on ITS, partial RPB2 and EF-1α gene fragments. Macro- and micro-morphological investigations followed with physiological studies done on this new species: Fusarium ershadii sp. nov can be distinguished by its conidial morphology. Both isolates of Fusarium ershadii were shown to be pathogenic to the monocot Asparagus officinalis when inoculated on roots and induced hollow root symptoms within two weeks in Asparagus officinalis seedlings. In comparison mild disease symptoms were observed by the same strains on Musa acuminata seedlings. 相似文献
19.
W. Purahong D. Alkadri P. Nipoti A. Pisi M. Lemmens A. Prodi 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,132(3):381-391
Fusarium graminearum is a common agent causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat throughout the world. Aggressiveness is crucial for understanding
the interaction between host-pathogen in the FHB-wheat system. In this paper, we modified and validated the Petri-dish test
originally described by Mesterhazy (Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 93:12–25, 1978) to quantify the aggressiveness of 25 F. graminearum strains using four durum wheat cultivars with different resistance levels for FHB. The results were highly significant and
correlated with those obtained using adult plants in the growth chamber and in the field (r = 0.94, P < 0.001 and r = 0.65, P < 0.001, respectively). The Petri-dish test was further investigated for its repeatability and stability in different durum
wheat cultivars and highly significant correlation coefficients were obtained (r = 0.90–0.91 (P < 0.001), 0.89–0.95 (P < 0.001), respectively). In this study, we also demonstrated that germination rate reduction and coleoptile length reduction
are parameters involved with aggressiveness of F. graminearum. The mean of three disease parameters from the modified Petri-dish method is introduced in this paper as a new parameter
for aggressiveness and named “Petri-dish aggressiveness index”. The results obtained reveal that this modified Petri-dish
test is rapid, reliable and stable with different durum wheat cultivars, and yields highly significant correlation coefficients
with floret and ear inoculations, thus it is suitable to be used for quantification of aggressiveness of F. graminearum. 相似文献
20.
The genomic fragments of two open reading frames (ORFs) 1 and 2 of German and Canadian PAV isolates of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-PAV) were sequenced. Sequences only slightly differed from previously published sequences of this virus. Two polyclonal antisera against proteins encoded by ORFs 1 and 2 of a German ASL-1 isolate were developed using recombinant antigens expressed in E. coli as a fusion either to His6− or thioredoxin-tags. In Western blot analysis with total protein extracts from BYDV infected plants, antisera efficiently recognized the 99 kDa fusion protein expressed from ORF1 and ORF2 (P1–P2 protein). Later in infection the P1–P2 protein disappeared and two smaller proteins, revealing sizes of 39 and 60 kDa, could be detected. 相似文献