半无叶型菜豌豆αf基因遗传规律研究及其利用

对菜豌豆αf基因进行了定位研究，并将其用于育种。研究结果表明：菜豌豆半无叶性状受一对相对基因控制，F2单株分离符合3：1的比例，普通型为显性性状，半无叶型为隐性性状，αf(小叶突变基因)与i(子叶颜色基因)、lf(初花节位基因)连锁，位于第一染色体。αf在lf和i之间，αf和i间的图距为6．80个遗传单位，αf和lf间的图距为36．74个遗传单位。利用αf基因选育出的优质、高产菜豌豆新品种‘须菜1号’，具有发达的嫩卷须，可作龙须菜新菜种；其嫩茎、嫩荚清香可口。     

甜瓜嫩果皮颜色遗传规律研究

为探究甜瓜嫩果皮颜色的遗传规律,以甜瓜嫩果皮颜色为深绿色的S26和青色的S28为亲本材料,通过构建BC1群体,利用卡方测验,分析回交群体BC1的深绿色嫩果皮和青色嫩果皮的分离比例,开展甜瓜嫩果皮的遗传规律分析,以对嫩果皮颜色基因进行初步定位。结果表明：BC1群体表型表现为深绿色和青色2种,且群体比例为1∶1,从而确定颜色性状为单基因控制且深绿色为显性性状。通过分离群体分组分析法（BSA）和混池测序结果可以看出,控制甜瓜嫩果皮颜色的基因位于chr04的端部位置,这为后续基因的精细定位以及克隆提供了研究基础。     

梨遗传连锁图谱的构建及部分果实性状QTL的定位

利用八月红梨和砀山酥梨杂交得到的F1代实生苗为作图群体,应用Joinmap3.0作图软件,构建了一张包含61个苹果EST-SSR标记、68个苹果SSR标记、49个梨SSR标记、1个RAPD标记和3个质量性状标记,共182个标记并分属于19个连锁群的梨遗传连锁图谱,图谱总长度为982cM,标记间平均图距5.4cM。控制果皮红色的基因RFS位于LG3连锁群上,与最近的分子标记MES93-264p的遗传距离分别为9cM。控制果锈存在的基因FR、控制萼片脱落性状的基因AS分别位于LG16连锁群和LG12连锁群上。采用区间作图法,检测到与果实可溶性固形物含量、单果质量、横径和纵径等性状连锁的QTL位点21个(LOD≥2.5),其中主效QTL位点6个(LOD≥3.5),与果实性状相关QTL位点多集中在LG7和LG11连锁群上。     

黄瓜嫩果果皮叶绿素含量的遗传

 选用4个皮色性状不同的黄瓜品种配成正反杂交组合8个，测定结果表明相同亲本正反交组 合叶绿素含量差异不显著，表明黄瓜嫩果果皮叶绿素含量受核基因控制。应用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合模型，对黄瓜嫩果果皮叶绿素低含量品种‘海阳白皮’与高含量品种‘济宁秋黄瓜’杂交组合的6个家系世代(P₁、F₁、P₂、B₁、B₂和F₂)进行群体叶绿素含量的多世代联合分析，结果显示：该组合叶绿素含量的遗传受2对加性一显性主基因+加性-显性多基因(E-2模型)控制。其B₁、B₂和F₂群体叶绿素含量主基因遗传率(h²_mg%)分别为83.94%、62.12%和86.98％，多基因的遗传率(h²_pg%)为5.86%-18.15%。主基因中加性效应明显，第一对主基因的加性效应值显著高于第二对主基因的效应值，2对主基因对叶绿素含量的贡献率差异较大。两主基因的显性效应差异不大，分别为2．7762(h_a)和2.3392(h_b )。多基因效应主要表现为显性效应[h]，效应值为-5.5243。     

番茄绿果与橙果间果实颜色及主要色素含量的遗传研究

对番茄组合绿樱(绿果)×金珠1号(橙果)的6个世代遗传群体(P1、P2、F1、BC1、BC2和F2)进行果色性状、番茄红素含量、叶绿素含量和胡萝卜素含量等的遗传规律分析。结果表明:正反交F1的果色性状无明显差异,而色素含量存在显著差异;说明番茄果色性状受核基因控制,而色素含量遗传除受核基因控制外还可能存在胞质效应。采用多世代联合分析法的分析结果表明,番茄绿果与橙果间的果色性状符合2对加性主基因+加性-显性多基因(MX2-A-AD)遗传模型,其BC1、BC2和F2主基因遗传率分别为73.42%、78.25%和61.41%,多基因遗传率分别为22.87%、15.35%和34.94%,即果色性状遗传的主基因遗传力较强;叶绿素含量符合1对负向显性主基因+加性-显性多基因(MX1-AEND-AD)遗传模型,其BC1、BC2和F2主基因遗传率分别为0、1.73%和0.65%,多基因遗传率分别为45.47%、0和37.82%,即主基因遗传力在BC2群体中最高,多基因遗传力在BC1群体中最高;番茄红素含量与胡萝卜素含量均符合2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因(MX2-ADI-AD)遗传模型,其BC1、BC2和F2主基因遗传率分别为75.74%、1.79%、84.26%和61.53%、87.21%、81.05%,多基因遗传率分别为20.32%、74.12%、12.68%和0.68%、0、0,表明番茄红素含量和胡萝卜素含量的主基因遗传力较强。     

有棱丝瓜相对性状遗传规律研究

利用相对性状明显的高世代纯合有棱丝瓜材料进行正、反交及测交(回交)配组,对其各世代果实长度、颜色以及叶腋绿斑等相对性状进行遗传规律的初步研究。研究结果表明,叶腋有绿斑对无绿斑为完全显性,是由1对核基因控制;而嫩瓜皮色深绿对嫩瓜皮色灰绿、果实长度为数量遗传。     

黄瓜成熟瓜网纹基因H遗传定位及候选基因分析

正目的:有无网纹是黄瓜果实生理成熟后的重要表型性状之一,对其控制基因进行遗传定位和候选基因分析,为黄瓜果实性状改良提供理论依据和技术支撑,同时也可为网纹基因的精细定位及克隆奠定基础。方法:利用成熟瓜无网纹黄瓜自交系PI205996(P_1)和成熟瓜有网纹自交系PI263079(P_2)为亲本构建不同遗传群体,进行网纹性状遗传分析。以     

有棱丝瓜相对性状遗传规律研究

利用相对性状明显的高世代纯合有棱丝瓜材料进行正、反交及测交(回交)配组,对其各世代果实长度、颜色以及叶腋绿斑等相对性状进行遗传规律的初步研究.研究结果表明,叶腋有绿斑对无绿斑为完全显性,是由1对核基因控制;而嫩瓜皮色深绿对嫩瓜皮色灰绿、果实长度为数量遗传.     

甜瓜幼苗下胚轴长度多世代联合遗传分析

为了探明甜瓜幼苗下胚轴长度的遗传规律,以下胚轴长度差异明显的2个自交系329-1(P_1)和Afgsnake(P_2)为亲本构建1个F_2和2个BC_1群体(B_1和B_2分别为F_1与P_1和P_2的BC_1),通过多世代联合分析法研究幼苗下胚轴长度的遗传方式。结果表明,甜瓜幼苗下胚轴长度表现出明显的数量性状特征,其最佳遗传模型为E-0,即2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因模型。2个主基因的加性效应较弱,其显性效应和互作效应较强,且易受环境因素的影响。春季B_(1:2)、B_(2:2)和F_(2:3)世代主基因遗传率分别为30.56%、67.56%和85.93%,秋季其主基因遗传率分别为77.01%、78.35%和83.95%,多基因遗传率(43.93%)主要存在春季B_(1:2)世代。研究结果明确了甜瓜幼苗下胚轴长度遗传方式,可为幼苗株型遗传改良提供理论依据。     

‘月月粉’连续开花习性遗传规律分析

连续开花(Perpetual blooming,PB)是观赏植物的重要性状之一,是中国月季对现代月季的重大贡献。然而月季连续开花性状的遗传基础至今尚未清晰。为研究中国古老月季品种‘月月粉'(Rosa chinensis‘Old Blush',用OB表示)连续开花习性的遗传规律,以其为母本,以一季开花(Single seasonal blooming,SB)园艺品种‘无刺光叶蔷薇'(Rosa wichuriana'Basye's Thornless',用W表示)为父本,构建了OB、W、F_1、F_2、BC_1OB和BC_1W等6个世代827个株系的二倍体遗传分离群体。遗传分离群体表型测定将开花表型分为连续开花和非连续开花(Non-perpetual blooming)2种类型。296株F_1和150株BC_1W群体均表现为非连续开花,表明OB连续开花性状受隐性基因位点调控。300株BC_1OB群体中83株为连续开花,223株为非连续开花,χ~2适合性测验符合1:3的遗传分离规律(P0.05),表现为双隐性基因遗传,表明‘月月粉'连续开花可能受双隐性基因位点共同调控。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.