干旱胁迫下蓝莓苗木抗旱指标的初步筛选

为探索干旱胁迫对蓝莓生长的影响,于2010～2012年在贵州省麻江县宣威镇试验地开展大田抗旱调查和盆栽控水条件下抗旱生理指标测定,研究6个不同抗旱性的蓝莓品种在干旱胁迫下一系列形态以及生理指标的变化规律。研究结果表明:叶片的相对含水量、叶绿素、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量的变化能较好地体现各品种抗旱性的强弱,可初步作为蓝莓的抗旱性评价代表指标,在蓝莓抗旱性鉴定中加以应用;抗胁迫系数与抗旱性之间的相关性好,在今后的抗旱性鉴定中,可以使用抗胁迫系数作为鉴定的方法指标,在生产实践中可以应用这一指标进行抗旱品种的筛选。     

马铃薯抗旱品种筛选及鉴定试验

山西是我国马铃薯种薯和商品薯的主要产地之一,然而由于干旱缺水使得马铃薯生产发展受到严重限制。为筛选出抗旱性强的马铃薯品种,对引进的15个马铃薯品种进行盆栽抗旱性鉴定,分析了各品种的抗旱系数、抗旱指数、株高胁迫指数、离体叶片失水率等指标。结果表明:株高胁迫指数和叶片失水率与抗旱系数均呈极显著负相关,可以作为鉴定马铃薯抗旱能力的指标。并依据此,从引进的15个品种中筛选出中薯19号、晋薯24号、晋薯16号和同薯29号等4份抗旱性较强的品种,适宜在晋北地区推广种植。     

马铃薯干旱胁迫响应及抗旱综合技术研究进展

干旱已成为马铃薯生长发育、产量及品质最重要的限制因素之一。本文综述了干旱胁迫对马铃薯植株形态特征、生理生化指标、产量品质、根际微生物群落等方面的影响，并对马铃薯抗旱性评价、抗旱相关基因挖掘、抗旱技术措施等进行了总结，以期为马铃薯产业可持续发展提供参考。     

西北旱砂田西瓜抗旱性鉴定指标与方法初探

采用盆栽试验对土壤干旱胁迫下7个西瓜杂交组合及其亲本材料的幼苗生长和生理指标进行测定,以筛选抗旱性鉴定指标。结果表明：干旱条件下,幼苗的干物质积累量、根冠比和叶片相对含水量均有不同程度的降低,抗旱性越弱则降幅越大;叶片细胞膜透性、脯氨酸含量则有不同程度的升高,抗旱性越弱则细胞膜透性越大、脯氨酸含量增幅越小。结合旱砂田栽培条件下各杂交组合的田间产量表现,应用隶属函数法对15份参试材料进行了综合评价。各测定指标的胁迫指数与隶属函数平均值及产量存在一定的相关性,可用于西瓜品种或育种材料的早期抗旱性鉴定。     

太原市五种园林地被植物抗旱性评价及抗旱指标筛选

以5种地被植物为试材,采用盆栽控水模拟干旱胁迫(连续干旱0、5、10、15、20 d),分别测定5种地被植物的叶片相对含水量(RWC)、电导率(REC)、丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白质含量(SPC),并利用隶属函数分析、相关性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析、逐步回归分析对其抗旱性进行综合评价及抗旱指标筛选,以期为太原市园林地被植物的合理养护和筛选应用提供参考依据.结果表明:干旱条件下,不同生理指标所反映供试植物的抗旱性不同,且部分指标之间呈显著相关.主成分分析将12个单项指标归纳成3个综合因子,分别为伤害程度因子、叶绿素因子、水分状况和光化学效率因子,代表了抗旱性97.422％的数据信息,"金冠"玉簪和德国鸢尾分别在3个主因子上抗旱性最强.通过聚类分析,将5种地被植物分为3类,其中"金冠"玉簪、德国鸢尾和八宝景天归为抗旱型类群.逐步回归分析表明,RWC、离体叶片失水速率(RWL)、SPC和PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)可作为评价参试地被植物抗旱性的重要指标.     

水分胁迫对不同熟性马铃薯生理特性的影响

为了明确水分亏缺对不同熟性马铃薯生长发育的影响。采用盆栽试验,研究4种土壤相对含水量(W1,75%～85%;W2,55%～65%;W3,35%～45%;W4,15%～25%)对不同熟性的7个马铃薯品种株高、叶绿素相对含量、各器官鲜质量、光合特性、产量及水分利用率的影响。结果表明,所有水分胁迫下,早熟品种株高、胞间CO₂浓度平均下降幅度均大于晚熟品种。重度干旱胁迫(土壤相对含水量15%～25%)下早熟品种单株结薯数量与单株产量平均下降幅度均大于晚熟品种,而净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度平均下降幅度均小于晚熟品种。综合各指标可知,在轻中度干旱胁迫(土壤相对含水量35%～85%)下早熟和晚熟马铃薯品种均可种植;重度干旱胁迫下,更适宜栽培晚熟马铃薯品种。     

海藻肥对番茄抗旱性的影响

番茄苗期用不同浓度的海藻肥处理番茄幼株,结果表明2.0g/L(克/升)的海藻肥可显著提高番茄幼株的抗旱性,进一步进行浓度与抗旱指标的相关性测验表明,浓度与离体叶片吸水量的相关性极显著;在土壤含水量为10.6%的水分胁迫下,用2.0 g/L(克/升)的海藻肥处理日光温室番茄植株,可使番茄最大节水率达到22.6%.     

外引马铃薯品种丰产性与抗逆性的比较

为筛选适宜定西种植的高产多抗广适优质马铃薯品种,以‘费乌瑞它’(‘Favorita’)为对照(CK),对10份外引马铃薯品种资源进行丰产性、抗旱性、抗病性比较试验,采用Duncan's新复极差法进行多重性分析。结果表明,‘AGRICO-2’和‘AGRICO-9’等2个品种比其他品种和对照显著增产,平均1 hm~2产量分别为51 782 kg和45 995 kg,比对照分别增产32.37%和17.5 7%;抗旱性鉴定为高抗旱品种,抗旱指数分别为0.72和和0.78;对早疫病抗病性为抗病(R),病情指数分别为7.0和7.6。上述品种丰产性突出,抗旱性、抗病性强,综合表现好,具有较好的推广应用前景。     

干旱胁迫对不同栽培基质下碧玉兰的生理反应及抗性分析

盆栽条件下,通过人工控制水分,研究以桤树皮、泥炭、椰丝、梨树皮不同混合栽培基质下碧玉兰对干旱胁迫的生理响应,并用隶属函数法对其进行抗旱性的综合评价。结果表明:碧玉兰叶片的相对电导率含量随着含水量的降低而增加,丙二醛和游离脯氨酸以及抗氧化酶活性则表现为先增后降。各种指标变化幅度随不同栽培基质而不同。不同栽培基质下碧玉兰的抗旱能力依次为:M6、M5栽培下的碧玉兰的抗旱性最强,而在M1、M4栽培下的碧玉兰的抗旱性较差。     

非洲西瓜种质资源苗期抗旱性研究

采用苗期持续干旱法，以存活率来评价抗旱性，对非洲西瓜种质资源进行抗旱性鉴定和研究。结果表明，苗期持续干旱法对西瓜种质资源苗期抗旱性鉴定是一种有效的鉴定方法。非洲西瓜９１—００３为苗期抗旱性极强的种质材料。游离脯氨酸累积量在土壤含水量下降到８．１１％时，可作为西瓜苗期抗旱性鉴定指标，抗旱材料累积量多；游离脯氨酸累积量与抗旱性有无关系以及关系如何，取决于干旱胁迫的程度。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.