基于线粒体基因的新疆三种野兔分类及遗传多样性

旨在利用分子遗传学方法探讨新疆3种野兔的系统发育关系和遗传多样性,以期明确其亲缘关系和分类地位,并评估其遗传多样性水平,为后续新疆野兔乃至中国野兔的保护遗传学等研究提供基础数据。本研究选用线粒体DNA的COI、ND4、16S rRNA 3个基因为分子标记,通过PCR扩增及测序技术分别测定采自新疆8个地区、4个地理组群共计57例野兔组织样本的3个基因序列,将序列校正拼接后用MEGA 7、DNAsp 6、Arlequin 3.1、MrBayes 3.2等软件进行数据分析。结果表明,将57例野兔样本的3个基因序列合并后共检测到43种单倍型,系统发育和中介网络图将相同及相邻地区的野兔划分为5个支系（Clade A-E）3大枝,且3大枝之间的遗传距离（4.21%~9.09%）均达到种间距离水平;其中,第3大枝中来自中部地区的野兔（Clade D）和新疆北部野兔（Clade E）的亲缘关系较近,二者之间的遗传距离≤2.26%,未达到种间遗传距离水平。新疆3种野兔中塔里木兔、藏兔帕米尔亚种和托氏兔西域亚种的单倍型多样性（h）较高,分别为0.979±0.014、0.972±0.064和0.972±0.064,而托氏兔西域亚种和中亚亚种的核苷酸多样性（π）较高,分别为0.033±0.018和0.023±0.015。基于线粒体3个基因的综合分析结果,结合已报道文献,本研究认为来自新疆西南部帕米尔高原的野兔应属于藏兔帕米尔亚种,支持将来自新疆北部阿勒泰及中部达坂城和托克逊地区的野兔分别划分为托氏兔西域亚种和托氏兔中亚亚种。新疆3种野兔具有丰富的遗传多样性和较明显的系统地理分布格局。     

东帕米尔高原地区藏兔群体遗传进化分析

旨在利用分子遗传学方法检测东帕米尔高原地区极端环境对当地藏兔群体的遗传多样性、遗传结构及遗传分化的影响,为帕米尔高原物种多样性和遗传多样性的保护提供研究资料.本研究通过PCR扩增及测序技术测定东帕米尔高原地区藏兔的线粒体CO1与ND4基因序列,使用相关生物信息学软件进行数据分析.结果表明,东帕米尔高原地区4个采样点37...     

3个品种兔微卫星标记的遗传多样性研究

为分析福建黄兔、新西兰兔、日本大耳白兔群体内的遗传变异情况和群体间的遗传相关性,本试验选取3个品种兔各25只,分别耳静脉采血并采用试剂盒抽提全血基因组,运用15个微卫星标记,结合荧光PCR技术和毛细管电泳方法获得目的片段,通过计算等位基因数、有效等位基因数、杂合度、多态信息含量和遗传距离,分析3个品种兔的遗传多样性。结果显示,3个品种兔在15个座位共检测到110个等位基因,平均等位基因数为7.3个,其中福建黄兔、新西兰兔和日本大耳白兔分别检测到95、95和88个等位基因,且分别在11、12和11个微卫星座位表现为高度多态,表明3个品种兔在筛选的15个微卫星座位均呈现较丰富的遗传多态信息。Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡检验结果表明,福建黄兔、新西兰兔和日本大耳白兔分别有8、8和6个座位处于Hardy-Weinberg不平衡状态。Nei氏遗传距离分析显示,福建黄兔与新西兰兔、福建黄兔与日本大耳白兔、新西兰兔与日本大耳白兔的Nei氏遗传距离分别为0.1761、0.2347和0.0432。遗传距离越小时,相似度越高,亲缘关系越近,因此,新西兰兔与日本大耳白兔间的亲缘关系最近,福建黄兔与日本大耳白兔间的亲缘关系最远。     

5个新疆绵羊群体线粒体DNA的遗传多样性研究

为了探讨5个新疆绵羊群体的群体内和群体间的遗传变异,试验采用PCR-SSCP和克隆测序技术利用3对引物对5个新疆绵羊群体的线粒体DNA做了系统的分析研究.结果表明:5个新疆绵羊品种中都存在A、B、C 3种单倍型,且以A单倍型为主,而欧洲绵羊以B单倍型为主.     

线粒体DNA及其在家畜遗传育种中的应用

对线粒体DNA的数目、大小、基本结构、多态性及其研究方法、遗传特性等方面进行了论述,并进一步阐述了线粒体DNA的多态性在家畜遗传育种中的应用现状。     

双峰驼遗传多样性研究进展

综述了国内外近40年双峰驼在染色体核型、血液蛋白多态、基因组DNA和线粒体DNA遗传多样性上的研究进展.染色体核型、血液蛋白多态分析表明,双峰驼的遗传多样性有限,微卫星和线粒体DNA的RFLP分析表明双峰驼具有较丰富的遗传多样性,基于线粒体DNA全序列的骆驼科动物遗传进化分析有助于理解骆驼科动物进化历史.由于研究滞后,目前还未有关于双峰驼群体线粒体DNA序列的遗传多样性分析.     

兔的毛色遗传与家兔育种

兔的毛色是一种重要的遗传标记，长期以来人们对兔毛色遗传的研究非常重视，通过多种杂交试验，揭示了决定家兔毛色遗传的一些基因座位及其遗传规律，并在家兔的育种和生产中得到广泛应用。     

马DNA遗传多样性研究进展

综述了国内外近20年来在DNA分子水平上对马遗传多样性的研究进展.集中从基因组DNA,线粒体DNA和Y染色体DNA的多态性上反映马遗传多样性.基因组DNA的研究证明了马具有丰富的多态现象;线粒体DNA的分析暗示马可能有多个母系祖先,并阐述了世界马种经历过多个驯化历史时期;Y染色体虽然被包含在基因组内,但它含有非重组的的单亲遗传区,能够反映父系的遗传多样性,使其在生物进化和群体遗传学研究中具有独特的意义.相对于线粒体突变率,马的Y染色体遗传变异较少.     

新疆引进羊驼遗传多样性与系统发育研究

为充分了解引进羊驼的遗传多样性和系统发育关系,本试验采集了新疆3个地区（阿勒泰市青河县、塔城市和天山野生动物园）39只羊驼血液样品,对其线粒体D-loop基因进行了扩增和测序,得到长度为733 bp的片段序列,群体单倍型多样度（Hd）为0.954,核苷酸多样性（Pi）为0.0091,基因流（Nm）为1.97。39条序列共定义了25种单倍型,其中单倍型H7是群体共享最多的单倍型。3个地区羊驼群体之间的遗传距离很小,为0.002~0.003;羊驼与美洲驼、原驼、骆马间的遗传距离为0.002、0.004、0.017,与双峰驼的遗传距离最大,为0.050~0.051,聚类分析发现,3个地区羊驼基本聚为一大支,而且与美洲驼、骆马、原驼亲缘关系较近,双峰驼单独聚为一支。综合分析,新疆引进的羊驼遗传多样性丰富,群体间遗传分化程度较小,基因交流水平较高,羊驼与美洲驼、原驼和骆马之间亲缘关系最近,与双峰驼亲缘关系较远。     

蒙古牛线粒体DNA全基因组遗传多样性与起源研究

［目的］通过对蒙古牛线粒体DNA(mtDNA)的基因组进行测序,探究蒙古牛的mtDNA基因组遗传多样性与母系起源。［方法］采用DNA提取、三代测序及生物信息学方法。［结果］在36头蒙古牛mtDNA全基因组序列中,共检测到22种不同的单倍型,平均单倍型多样度(Hd)为0.970,平均核苷酸多样度(Pi)为0.00845,表明蒙古牛有丰富的母系遗传多样性。构建的IQ系统发育树发现,蒙古牛具有瘤牛和普通牛两个母系支系。［结论］蒙古牛有丰富的母系遗传多样性,拥有普通牛和瘤牛两个母系起源,以普通牛起源为主。     

Classification and Genetic Diversity of Three Hare Species in Xinjiang Based on Mitochondrial DNA

The study aimed to explore the phylogeny and genetic diversity of 3 hare species in Xinjiang by molecular genetics methods, define the relationship and taxonomy status, assess diversity level of Lepus in Xinjiang, and provide the basic data for conservation genetics of hares in Xinjiang and even in China. Three mitochondrial DNA genes, COI, ND4 and 16S rRNA, were used as molecular markers, and the sequences of 3 genes of 57 samples collected from 8 different regions (4 geographic groups) in Xinjiang were determined by PCR amplification and sequencing technology. After the sequences of COI, ND4 and 16S rRNA of each sample were revised and pooled together, data were analyzed with softwares such as MEGA 7, DNAsp 6, Arlequin 3.1 and MrBayes 3.2. A total of 43 haplotypes were detected from the combined sequences of 3 genes of 57 hare samples. Five distinct clades (A-E) and 3 clusters were clearly showed in phylogenetic tree and median-joining network (MJN). Furthermore, the genetic distance between 3 clusters reached the level of species (4.21%-9.09%). However, the genetic distance between hares from northern Xinjiang (Clade E) and those from central Xinjiang (Clade D) were not up to the level of species (≤2.26%) in the third cluster. The haplotype diversity (h) of Lepus yarkandensis, Lepus tibetanus pamirensis and Lepus tolai lehmanni were higher(0.979±0.014, 0.972±0.064 and 0.972±0.064, respectively), while the nucleotide diversity (π) of the L. t. lehmanni and L. t. centrasiaticus were higher (0.033±0.018 and 0.023±0.015, respectively). Based on comprehensive analysis of 3 genes of mitochondrion and reference with published research, it is suggested that hares from southwestern Pamir Plateau of Xinjiang should belong to L. t. pamirensis. Meanwhile,hares distributed in northern and central Xinjiang might be considered as L. t. lehmanni and L. t. centrasiaticus. Moreover, there is abundant genetic diversity in the 3 hare species in Xinjiang, and the obvious phylogeographic pattern is showed.     

Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationship of Introduced Alpaca in Xinjiang

In order to understand the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of the alpacas,39 blood samples of alpaca were collected in 3 places of Xinjiang (Qinghe county of Aletai city,Tacheng city and Tianshan wildlife park) and mitochondrial D-loop gene was amplified and sequenced. The results showed that 733 bp fragment was obtained. The population haplotype diversity (Hd),nucleotide diversity (Pi) and gene flow (Nm) was 0.954,0.0091 and 1.97,respectively. 25 haplotypes were defined among the 39 gene sequences,and H7 was the most shared haplotype by groups. The genetic distance of three alpaca groups was small (0.002 to 0.003). The genetic distance between alpaca and Lama glama,Lama guanicoe and Vicugna was 0.002,0.004 and 0.017,respectively. The genetic distance between alpaca and Camelus bactrianus was the highest (0.050 to 0.051).The results of cluster analysis showed that three alpaca groups were gathered first,and then gathered with Lama glama,Lama guanicoe and Vicugna, Camelus bactrianus belonged to another branch along. In conlusion,the genetic diversity and gene flow level of alpacas in Xinjiang was high and the genetic differentiation was relatively small. The genetic relationships between alpaca and Lama glama,Lama guanicoe and Vicugna were close, that with Camelus bactrianus was relatively far.     

新疆13个绵羊群体遗传多样性及遗传分化的研究

利用10个微卫星标记对新疆13个绵羊群体的遗传多样性和遗传分化进行了分析。通过计算多态信息含量（PIC）、平均杂合度（H）、群体内近交系数（Fis）、遗传分化系数（Fst）、总群体近交系数（Fit）和基因流（Nm）等参数,评估各品种遗传多样性和品种间遗传分化。结果表明：13个绵羊群体10个微卫星标记的平均多态信息含量为0.6803;平均杂合度为0.7192,其中中国美利奴羊平均杂合度最高为0.7530,山区和田羊最低为0.6754;13个绵羊群体总近交系数为0.1066,群体内近交系数为0.0565,群体间基因分化系数为0.0531,说明5.65%的遗传变异来自群体间,94.35%的遗传变异来自群体内个体间的差异;基因流Nm平均值为4.4621（3.0808~7.4589）,说明各种群间存在或者在过去某个时期发生基因交流;各种群间平均遗传距离较低,为0.1702,平均遗传一致度数值较高,为0.8448,也再次证明了新疆13个绵羊群体间分化程度不高。基于Nei′s标准遗传距离运用UPGMA聚类法获得的新疆13个绵羊群体的聚类图与其品种育成史和地理分布基本相一致。     

The new French 2010 Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus causes an RHD-like disease in the Sardinian Cape hare (Lepus capensis mediterraneus)

Lagovirus is an emerging genus of Caliciviridae, which includes the Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV) of rabbits and the European brown hare syndrome virus (EBHSV) of hares that cause lethal hepatitis. In 2010, a new RHDV related virus (RHDV2) with a unique genetic and antigenic profile and lower virulence was identified in France in rabbits. Here we report the identification of RHDV2 as the cause in Sardinia of several outbreaks of acute hepatitis in rabbits and Cape hare (Lepus capensis mediterraneus). This is the first account of a lagovirus that causes fatal hepatitis in both rabbits and hares.     

The Occurrence of European Brown Hare Syndrome in Finland

European brown hare syndrome (EBHS) is a viral hepatitis that affects European brown hares (Lepus europaeus) and varying hares (Lepus timidus). The disease occurs today in free-living and farmed hares in most European countries (Gustafsson et al. 1989, Gavier-Widén & Mörner 1991). In Sweden and Denmark the EBHS was first observed at the beginning of the eighties, however, in Finland and Norway the disease has not been reported yet.     

基于SRY基因鉴定新疆野兔性别

为得到形态上性别鉴定特征十分缺乏的新疆野兔样本的性别数据,本研究采用双重PCR法同时扩增SRY基因和APP基因,通过分析PCR产物,对采自新疆9个地区共121例未知性别的野兔样本进行性别鉴定。在验证PCR结果的可靠性后,鉴定出雌性样本69例,雄性样本52例,性别比例经统计学分析后接近1∶1,符合实际。这为后续研究新疆野兔的物种分类、群体遗传学和分子进化等方面提供了基础数据,也在兔类资源的管理保护和开发利用方面有着一定的实际意义。     

新疆北部（北疆）几种苜蓿属植物遗传结构的研究

以１７份国内外紫花苜蓿栽培品种为对照,对新疆北部地区２８份四倍体苜蓿属植物即紫花苜蓿（Ｍｅｄｉｃａｇｅｓａｔｉｖａ）黄花苜蓿（Ｍ．ｆａｌｃａｔａ）多变苜蓿（Ｍ．ｖａｒｉａ）的遗传结构进行研究,结果表明,四倍体种群为外繁育类型,其总遗传变异的９０％以上来源于各群内部,但由于地理或生殖隔离等因素导致个体别群表现出内繁育衰退现象,因此,应加强对这些种群的就地保护和迁地保护。