池塘工程化循环水养殖模式下养殖密度对大口黑鲈生长性能和生理指标的影响

为研究池塘工程化循环水养殖模式下养殖密度对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)生长性能、血清生化指标的影响,设置15 000和25 000尾/槽2个养殖密度,经过120 d的养殖实验。结果显示:养殖密度对大口黑鲈生长性能、血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、碱性磷酸酶、皮质醇和溶菌酶含量无显著影响;高养殖密度组血清总蛋白、胆固醇、甘油三酯和葡萄糖含量显著低于低养殖密度组。在低、高密度养殖条件下,体重与体长之间呈幂函数关系,生长方程分别为y=0.031 6x~(2.903 8)(R~2=0.980 1)和y=0.032 1x~(2.898 5)(R~2=0.982 4)。结果表明,池塘工程化循环水养殖模式下,高密度养殖而不影响大口黑鲈生长。     

工厂化循环水养殖条件下大口黑鲈生长特点分析

在水温17.3～28.0℃下,将体质量(4.60±0.30) g的大口黑鲈饲养在4口60 m~3工厂化循环水养殖池中,放养密度67尾/m~3,投喂大口黑鲈专用浮性颗粒配合饲料,研究大口黑鲈在工厂化循环水养殖条件下的生长规律。试验结果显示,养殖195 d后,大口黑鲈平均体质量为(303.14±73.17) g、平均体长为(26.76±3.13) cm;体质量(m)与日龄(t)间呈指数关系:m=0.0651t~(1.6147),r~2=0.9974,平均体质量特定生长率为0.46%,平均体质量日增加量为(1.82±0.57) g;体长(L)与日龄间呈线性关系:L=0.0961t+9.1442,r~2=0.9766,平均体长特定生长率为0.15%,平均体长日增长量为(0.10±0.04) cm;体质量与体长符合幂函数:m=0.0132L~(3.0455),r~2=0.9828。在工厂化循环水养殖条件下大口黑鲈的相对增加量、特定生长率趋势基本一致,水温20℃以下明显影响其生长。     

大口黑鲈陆基高位池循环水保温棚养殖新技术

为促进大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)养殖向高密度、标准化、高质量化发展,在昌爽养殖基地保温棚内建陆基高位圆池,采用陆基高位圆池循环水保温棚养殖技术,经过10个月的养殖,大口黑鲈产量2.25 kg/m²,规格0.8～1 kg/尾,销售收入78.75元/m²,利润30.3元/m²。利用该技术养殖加州鲈,实现了高密度养殖,充分利用土地资源,既缩短了养殖周期,又降低了运行成本,增加了经济效益。     

池塘工程化循环水养殖大口黑鲈技术试验

建立了一种北方池塘循环水大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)生态养殖模式.在跑道池内养殖大口黑鲈,跑道池与净水池塘连通,池塘净水区域养殖鲢、鳙,种植角果藻,实现养殖尾水零排放.根据大口黑鲈投放密度、规格、摄食、排便及水质理化指标等情况开启微滤机、增氧机、底排污等设施设备,进行水质调控,当氨氮≥1 mg...     

陆基圆池循环水条件下养殖密度对大口黑鲈生长及养殖效能的影响

为研究陆基圆池循环水养殖条件下大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)适宜的养殖密度,设置55、65、75、85、95尾/m²等5种养殖密度(分别标记为A1、A2、A3、A4、A5组),进行了63 d的大口黑鲈养殖试验,通过测定和分析试验鱼的体质量日增长率、体长日增长率、饲料系数、体质量均匀度和单位面积产量等指标,评价不同养殖密度对大口黑鲈生长和主要养殖效能的影响。结果显示:(1)从次低密度的A2组(65尾/m²)至密度最高的A5组(95尾/m²),试验鱼的体长日增长率基本上随着养殖密度的提高而下降,最高的A2组比A3、A4和A5组分别高了31.6%、82.9%和92.3%,并且差异显著(P<0.05);(2)从A2组至A5组,试验鱼的体质量日增长率和特定生长率均随着养殖密度的提高而下降;(3)A2组的饲料系数比A1、A3、A4和A5组分别降低了16.7%、28.6%、55.4%和56.9%;(4)单位面积产量和产品均匀度均在A2组达到最高。基于生长性能及养殖效能的综合评价,陆基圆池循环水养殖条件下大口黑鲈成鱼养殖阶段较适宜的养殖密度为65尾/m²。     

大口黑鲈养殖池塘溶解氧适宜性评价

为建立关于大口黑鲈养殖池塘溶解氧适宜性的评价系统,为普通养殖户提供更为科学的池塘溶解氧管理和调节指导,本研究初步建立了面向大口黑鲈养殖池塘溶解氧浓度的适宜性分级及其分值,并通过对国内外相关文献的荟萃分析,确定了不同适宜度等级的评价基准和评分方法。大口黑鲈池塘溶解氧适宜度等级及相应浓度范围确定为：最适期≥8.20 mg/L,正常期8.20～5.50 mg/L,影响期5.50～1.20 mg/L,危险期1.20～0.80 mg/L以及死亡期<0.80 mg/L。     

生态基对大口黑鲈养殖池塘氮、磷累积的影响

为了研究生态基对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)养殖池塘氮,磷累积的影响,对大口黑鲈进行了6个月的室外池塘养殖试验.养殖期间不同时间段内分别对养殖水体亚硝态氮(NO2-N)、硝态氮(NO3-N)、铵态氮(NH4+-N)、磷酸盐(PO3-4-P)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、总有机碳(TOC)含量以...     

大口黑鲈选育群体遗传多样性的AFLP分析

采用AFLP技术对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)F3、F4代选育群体的遗传结构进行分析,并计算2个选育群体和一个对照养殖群体的遗传多态度、遗传距离及分化系数。结果显示,8对AFLP引物共扩增到262条带,其中多态性条带有80条,每对引物检测到的多态性条带在5～13之间。F3、F4代选育群体和对照养殖群体的多态性位点比例分别为29.36%、29.20%、30.29%。Shannon多样性指数分别为0.2017,0.1955,0.2042。结果表明,选育群体相较于对照养殖群体多态位点比例和遗传多态度均有所下降。群体间的遗传变异平均为0.0752,由此可见,92.48%的遗传变异来自于群体内,而只有7.52%的遗传变异来自于群体间,这初步显示了大口黑鲈在遗传上的稳定性,群体尚具有一定的选育潜力,可继续进行人工选育。     

盐度对大口黑鲈幼鱼生长性能、肌肉品质及抗氧化能力的影响

为探讨盐度对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)幼鱼生长性能、肌肉品质和抗氧化能力的影响,分别在淡水、3、6、9、12的盐度梯度下养殖体长为(6.24±0.39) cm、体质量为(5.42±0.58) g的大口黑鲈幼鱼49 d,统计其存活、生长及摄食情况,测定各盐度下大口黑鲈幼鱼肌肉组织的营养成分和大口黑鲈幼鱼肝脏、肾脏、鳃组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活力。结果显示：(1)各盐度组大口黑鲈幼鱼成活率均为100%;体长、体质量、增长率、特定生长率和摄食率随盐度的升高均表现出逐渐降低的趋势,饵料系数则表现出逐渐升高的趋势。(2)盐度对大口黑鲈幼鱼水分、粗蛋白和灰分的影响不显著;粗脂肪含量差异明显,且盐度越高粗脂肪含量越低。随着盐度的升高,肌肉中各必需氨基酸质量分数、总量、鲜味氨基酸含量及必需氨基酸指数均呈现先增高后降低的趋势。(3)肝脏中SOD活性随盐度的增加先降低后升高,肾脏中SOD活性随盐度的增加先升高后降低;盐度12组幼鱼肝脏中的CAT显著高于其他盐度组,肾脏和鳃组织中CAT活性很低。大口黑鲈在盐度12以下的水环境中可以存活生长,在盐度6以...     

循环水养殖系统中养殖密度对松江鲈生长的影响

为研究配合饲料条件下循环水养殖系统(RAS)中养殖密度对松江鲈生长的影响,选取体长为(2.97±0.12)cm、体质量为(0.26±0.03)g的松江鲈,分别按40尾/m²(A组)、80尾/m²(B组)和120尾/m²(C组)共3个养殖密度,在RAS中进行了为期240 d的养殖试验。试验结果显示：A组鱼的终末体质量、终末体长、体质量日增长量、存活率等均显著高于其他两组,A组鱼的体长日增长量显著高于C组(P<0.05);不同密度组间鱼体肥满度无显著性差异(P>0.05)。试验组单位面积产量由高到低依次为：C组(2.83 kg/m²)、B组(2.51 kg/m²)、A组(1.72 kg/m²)。试验组鱼体质量与体长均呈幂函数相关(m=aL^b,a=0.007 6～0.008 9,b=3.123 6～3.209 4),体长、体质量生长均以三次函数拟合较好。各组间的鱼体长、体质量变异系数均差异显著(P<0.05),其中B组最小...     

Pyocyanin as a safe aquaculture drug for the control of vibriosis in shrimp recirculating aquaculture system (RAS)

Diseases are one of the most critical limiting factors in aquaculture. Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are one of the most functionally viable sustainable aquaculture production systems adopted world over. In the event of any eventuality caused by bacterial pathogens, antibiotics or other antibacterial agents cannot be applied due to the vulnerability of biological filters which form an integral part of the RAS. Because of this, newer drugs are required for the effective control of diseases in RAS which would not interfere with the activity of nitrifying bacteria used in the biological filters. The antagonistic activity of pyocyanin, a bioactive compound produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, against vibrios is well established. The purpose of this study was to prove the effectiveness of pyocyanin as an aquaculture drug for application in RAS by employing a pilot-scale shrimp culture under RAS. It was noted that at the concentration of 5 mg L^?1, pyocyanin could significantly bring down the population of Vibrio spp. in RAS without affecting noticeably the other natural heterotrophic bacteria. Also, pyocyanin at this concentration did not inhibit the activity of nitrifying bacterial consortia used in the SBSBR (stringed bed suspended bioreactor) of RAS. The reared shrimp (Penaeus monodon) showed 100% survival after the application of pyocyanin, besides exhibiting normal health signs. Pyocyanin was non-toxic to the shrimp hybrid cell line (PmLyO-Sf9) at the concentration required for its application in disease management (IC₅₀?=?419.26 mg L^?1). The present study has demonstrated that pyocyanin is effective as an environment-friendly and safe aquaculture drug for the application in RAS-based shrimp culture to control Vibrio spp. without impeding nitrification established through the deployment of nitrifying bioreactors.

     

不同养殖模式下加州鲈营养成分差异分析

为了解池塘养殖和工厂化循环水养殖加州鲈营养品质差异,采用国家标准方法测定了两种不同养殖模式加州鲈(Micropterus salmoides)肌肉的常规营养成分、脂肪酸组分和氨基酸组分,并对两者的营养价值进行了分析评价。结果显示:循环水养殖加州鲈肌肉中灰分、粗脂肪和粗蛋白质含量均高于池塘养殖加州鲈,其中粗蛋白含量达到极显著水平;共检测出10种脂肪酸,循环水养殖加州鲈的总脂肪酸、总多不饱和脂肪酸和EPA+DHA均高于池塘养殖加州鲈,总不饱和脂肪酸和总多不饱和脂肪酸的差异达到极显著水平;共检测出17种氨基酸,循环水养殖加州鲈肌肉中各种必需氨基酸(EAA)含量均高于池塘养殖加州鲈,除苯丙氨酸外差异均达到显著或极显著水平,其中赖氨酸含量最高,亮氨酸次之,蛋氨酸含量最低;循环水养殖加州鲈肌肉的总氨基酸、总必需氨基酸、总非必需氨基酸和总鲜味氨基酸含量均高于池塘养殖加州鲈,前三者差异达到极显著水平;根据ASS和CS评分结果,池塘养殖和循环水养殖加州鲈肌肉中第一、二限制性氨基酸为缬氨酸和蛋+半胱氨酸,循环水养殖加州鲈肌肉中EAA的ASS和CS均大于池塘养殖加州鲈,且数值均大于或接近1。结果表明:工厂化循环水养殖加州鲈肌肉较之池塘养殖加州鲈的营养品质更好,更加符合人类膳食的需要。     

Synthetic fibre as biological support in freshwater recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of synthetic fibre as a biological support for the adhesion of nitrifying bacteria in an aquaculture recirculation system (RAS). It was developed from three assays over 120 days. In the first assay, the synthetic fibres used as biological support were introduced in tanks of biological filtration of the system for posterior respirometry analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Respirometry and SEM were performed 10 days after inoculation with nitrifying microorganisms. Water quality parameters were monitored daily, and the respirometry showed that the bacteria in this assay were consuming the following amounts of ammonium: concentrations [C1]35.369 mg NH₃/L, R² = 0.9912; [C2]51.628 mg NH₃/L, R² = 0.9883; [C3]79.494 mg NH₃/L, R² = 0.986; and [C4]215.225 mg NH₃L, R² = 0.9934. In the second assay, a 1920-L tank was stocked with 120 Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, with an initial weight 32.11 ± 7.6 g and a biomass of 3.8 kg. After 60 days, the tank and its contents were assessed to evaluate zootechnical parameters and physical–chemical parameters of water quality. From these results, a third assay was developed in which the biomass of fish was increased to challenge the recirculation system. The tank was stocked with 480 jundiá Rhamdia quelen (initial weight 11.34 ± 2.4 g and biomass 5.4 kg) for 60 days. In both the tilapia and jundiá assays, the fish were fed four times per day with a commercial diet of 35% crude protein and 42% crude protein, respectively, at 5% of each individual fish’s body weight. At the end of the zootechnical assays, the synthetic fibres used showed efficient biological support for bacterial growth, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The fibres also demonstrated maintenance of the water quality, which allowed good fish growth in the recirculating aquaculture system, and the maintenance of up to 11.19 kg/m³ of biomass of fish.     

全封闭循环水养殖系统中养殖密度对钝吻黄盖鲽生长的影响

为了评估全封闭循环水养殖系统中养殖密度对钝吻黄盖鲽生长的影响及水质变化情况,将体质量为(250.00±50.83)g的钝吻黄盖鲽分成8个试验组(放养密度分别为18、22、26、30、34、38、42、46 kg/m³),进行了3个月的饲养试验,检测不同养殖密度下鱼的成活率、体质量增长率及饲料系数,同时对试验期间氨氮、亚硝酸盐和溶解氧等各项水质指标的动态变化进行监测。试验结果显示,各试验组鱼的成活率均达到96%以上,但随着养殖密度的增加,钝吻黄盖鲽的成活率总体呈现降低的趋势;低密度组(18 kg/m³)的体质量增长率最高,为36.1%,高密度组(46 kg/m³)的体质量增长率最低,为24.8%,且体质量增长率随着养殖密度的增加而逐渐降低;随着养殖密度的增加,饲料系数呈逐渐升高的趋势;养殖期间各项水质指标均保持在适宜钝吻黄盖鲽生长的范围内。结果表明,在本试验的循环水养殖系统中,综合考量养殖生长指标及单位面积产量,钝吻黄盖鲽规模化生产的最适养殖密度为42～46 kg/m³。     

室内循环养殖系统中曝气流量对尼罗罗非鱼生长的影响

曝气流量是曝气推流循环养殖系统的重要控制性因素,为综合研究不同曝气流量对鱼类生长和鱼肉品质的影响,参照野外养殖基地,利用自行设计的室内循环流水养殖模型,在0、30和50 L/min三组曝气条件下,以尼罗罗非鱼[初始体质量为(23.61±3.50)g]为对象,进行为期56 d的研究。结果显示:①30 L/min组中尼罗罗非鱼的最终体质量和特定生长率分别为(79.56±3.82) g和(2.81±0.54)%/d,其中特定生长率比0和50 L/min组分别高出11.07%和8.49%,同时该曝气流量下血清中的总蛋白和甘油三酯浓度较高,而尿素氮浓度较低,比如第56天时总蛋白浓度比0和50 L/min组分别高出57.43%和10.43%,甘油三酯浓度则分别高出22.19%和12.32%,但尿素氮浓度降低了39.02%和37.50%。葡萄糖浓度受曝气流量影响不显著。50 L/min组谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性高于0和30 L/min组;②第56天时30 L/min组中鱼肉的硬度、弹性和咀嚼性高于0和50 L/min组,硬度分别比0和50 L/min组高出27.10%和15.85%,弹性高出9.1...     

The growth of disk abalone, Haliotis discus hannai at different culture densities in a pilot-scale recirculating aquaculture system with a baffled culture tank

The growth rate of disk abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, energy consumption and changes in water quality were monitored in a pilot-scale recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) for 155 days. Baffles were installed in the RAS culture tanks to enlarge the attachment area and clean out solid waste materials automatically by hydraulic force only. The experimental disk abalones, of shell length 24.5 ± 0.5 mm, were cultured at three stocking densities, 700, 1300 and 1910 individuals/m² bottom area, in triplicate. The abalones were fed with sea mustard, Undaria pinnatifida, once a week. The abalone feed conversion rates and daily growth rates ranged from 24.5 to 25.9 and 0.32 to 0.36%, respectively. Their daily shell increments and survival rates ranged from 67.7 to 78.6 μm/day and 87.6–92.2%, respectively. The growth in weight tended to decrease at a culture density of 1300 individuals/m² bottom area, while shell increments and survival rates were acceptable at this density. The total power consumption for heating was 1185.4 kW, comprising 30.2% of the total power consumption, while the average water exchange rate was only 2.9% per day. The total ammonia nitrogen stabilized below 0.07 mg/L, after conditioning of the biofilter. The NO₂⁻–N, NO₃⁻–N and total suspended solid concentrations were also maintained within acceptable ranges for the normal growth of disk abalone. The use of the RAS with these newly designed culture tanks for disk abalone culture produced 1300 individuals/m² bottom area with a water exchange rate of only 2.9% per day and used about one-tenth of the heat energy of a conventional flow-through system.     

不同放苗密度凡纳滨对虾生物絮团养殖的环境和产出效应

本研究尝试将生物絮团养殖技术(Bio-floc aquaculture technology, BFA)应用到凡纳滨对虾高密度养殖系统中,研究生物絮团在凡纳滨对虾不同放苗密度下的水质调控、对虾生长及存活等方面的作用效果。试验将200、400和600尾/m2的放苗密度分为传统养殖组(TF200、TF400和TF600)和絮团养殖组(BFA)(BF200、BF400和BF600)共6组,分别在18个室内水泥池中进行,其中BFA组通过添加益生菌和赤砂糖培养生物絮团,并在养殖过程中极少换水,而传统养殖组进行传统换水养殖管理。经过113d的养殖试验,随着放苗密度的增加,水质、对虾存活率和对虾特定增长率逐步下降,然而BFA在400尾/m2的凡纳滨对虾封闭式养殖中有良好效果。与400尾/m2的传统养殖组(TF400)相比,400尾/m2的BFA组(BF400)在养殖过程中生物絮团平均形成量提升3.25倍;水体中的亚硝酸氮和氨氮平均含量分别降低67.9%和72.7%,而用水量只有传统养殖组的33%左右;对虾的体重、存活率、特定生长率及单位产量分别提高了14.5%、156.3%、2.4%和194.1%;400 尾/m2的BFA组对虾单位产量达到4.01±0.94 kg/m2,具有最好的环境和产出效应。