鹿源坏死梭杆菌毒力菌株FN(AB)94抗原的免疫原性

将坏死梭杆菌分离株 FN(AB) 94厌氧培养后 ,裂解制备抗原 ,在抗原悬液中加入等量福氏完全佐剂 ,配制成乳化抗原 ,以此分别接种 3组 9只家兔 ,并设立对照组。初次免疫后 7d进行第 2次免疫 ,每隔 1周采血 ,检测免疫兔血清中抗体滴度 ,2 8d后免疫兔分别用 2 m L 的 10 8个菌 /m L(2个 ML D)坏死梭杆菌分离株 FN(AB) 94感染 ,3只对照家兔同时感染相同剂量 ;逐日观察攻毒家兔的变化。结果 ,3只对照家兔于感染后的 12～ 2 1d死亡 ;而 9只免疫兔完全能抵抗毒力菌株的感染 ,6个月后仍存活。试验表明 ,坏死梭杆菌分离株 FN(AB) 94裂解抗原加佐剂后 ,具有良好的免疫原性。     

鹿源坏死梭杆菌毒力菌株FN（AB）94实验动物感染模型的建立

将坏死梭杆菌FN（AB）94分离株以10^6,10^7,10^8,10^9 个/mL等不同菌量，于耳后根颈部皮下分别接种于4组的健康实验家兔，每组3只，逐日观察感染家兔的发病情况，结果，10^8,10^9个／mL，菌量感染组家兔，在接种后9－68 d内先后死亡，68d死亡家兔的病理变化明显，并从死亡家兔内脏及脓法叶，应用触片及分离培养均检到长丝状及小杆状等形态典型的坏死梭杆菌，10^7个/mL感染家兔仅表现体重减轻，10^6个／mL感染家兔无明显临床表现，由此表明，坏死梭杆菌FN（AB）94分离株具有很强的感染毒力，对家兔的最小致死量为10^8个／mL，耳后板颈部皮下接种是适宜的感染途径，从而建立了坏死梭杆菌分离株实验动物感染模型。     

坏死梭杆菌FN(A)型毒力株保护性抗原筛选及初步鉴定

通过胰蛋白酶裂解坏死梭杆菌FN（A）型毒力菌株菌体,分别以菌体裂解物上清和沉淀作为抗原免疫家兔制备血清。利用SDS-PAGE/Western-blot技术在菌体中筛选出4种具有免疫原性的组分,通过免疫后的攻毒试验,筛选出1种具有免疫保护性的抗原。抗原分离纯化后,进行N端氨基酸序列测定、免疫试验及生物学特性研究,据试验结果可初步判定该抗原为溶血素类似物或一种新发现的抗原物质。该抗原不仅能使机体产生保护性免疫反应,而且不同菌株中此种抗原间可产生明显的交叉免疫。     

纤毛蛋白与绵羊白细胞介素2融合基因工程疫苗对实验动物的体液免疫应答

将转化节瘤拟杆菌（D.nodosus)纤毛蛋白（Pili）和绵羊白细胞介素2（oviIL2)融合基因表达质粒的工程菌BL－21，在含酸苄青霉素营养肉汤培养基中表达，离心获得菌体沉淀物，裂解后配制成Pili-oviIL2融合基因工程疫苗。用加佐剂和不加佐剂的Pili-oviIL2融合基因工程疫苗分别接种2只健康家兔，21天后接种第2次；定期采血，用对流免疫电泳检测试验兔的体液免疫反应。结果发现，加佐剂和不加佐剂的Pili-oviIL2融合基因工程疫苗免疫兔7天即可产生相应抗体，抗体在免疫血清中可维持6个月以上。进一步试验将不加佐剂的Pili-oviIL2融合基因工程疫苗接种3只健康绵羊，同样21天后接种第2次，定期采血，用对流免疫电泳检测试验绵羊的体液免疫反应。同时用Pili基因工程疫苗接种2只绵羊作对照。结果3只绵羊接种Pili-oviIL2融合基因工程疫苗后，分别于7天和14天产生相应的抗体，而接种Pili基因工程疫苗的绵羊于28天产生相应的抗体；被免疫绵羊血清中的抗体可维持6个月以上。用Pili-oviIL2融合基因工程疫苗接种兔和绵羊的免疫试验表明，Pili-oviIL2融合基因工程疫苗具有较好的体液免疫应答反应，重组OviIL2在融合基因工程疫苗中具有良好的佐剂作用。     

口蹄疫A型油佐剂和leo佐剂弱毒灭活疫苗免疫持续期的研究

用实验室配制的口蹄疫油佐剂和leo佐剂A型弱毒灭活疫苗各免疫6月龄健康敏感牛（乳鼠中和抗体滴度小于1：4）5头，免疫后每月采血一次，分离血清；采用固定病毒稀释血清的方法，通过乳鼠中和试验检测免疫牛血清中的口蹄疫A型中和抗体的产生与消长情况，用karber法计算中和效价，绘制动态曲线图。结果显示，口蹄疫弱毒灭活疫苗免疫牛，可以产生高滴度的血清中和抗体，免疫牛血清中和抗体效价均在免疫后1个月左右达到高峰。油佐剂疫苗免疫的牛，血清中和抗体效价比较高，但下降比较迅速；leo佐剂疫苗免疫的牛，血清中和抗体效价比较低，但下降比较平缓。     

不同佐剂的重组禽流感病毒灭活痘苗免疫效力试验

禽流感病毒（Avian Influenza Virus,AIv）是禽流行性感冒（简称禽流感,Avian Influenza,AI）的病原。其中高致病性的H5N1亚型AIV可以造成鸡群的大批死亡,对家禽养殖业影响严重,并可引起人的感染和死亡。通过接种疫苗能有效地控制禽流感的传播,专家们认为,选择优质的疫苗佐剂是新型疫苗走向成功的关键。本试验将同一批次的禽流感（H5N1亚型,Re-6株）抗原分别与国产白油佐剂、法国进口白油佐剂及美国进口白油佐剂3种佐剂制备成重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗（H5N1亚型,Re-6株）,进行物理性状、无菌检验,均符合规定标准。将以上三种疫苗分别免疫21日龄SPF鸡,0．3mL／只,在免疫后的一周、两周、三周、四周,每组抽取10只分别采血,分离血清;18日龄蛋鸡0．3mL／只,在免疫后的一周、两周、三周,每组抽取10只分别采血,分离血清,21d后二免O．5mL／只,二免蛋鸡在免疫后的两周、三周、四周、两个月、三个月每组抽取10只分别采血,分离血清;每次连同对照组5只血清用禽流感病毒H5亚型（Re-6株）抗原测定HI抗体,试验结果表明,美国进1：2白油佐剂制备的重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗（H5N1亚型,1Ke-6株）免疫鸡群后,HI抗体效价最高,免疫持续—段时间后,效价仍保持较高,同时做安全检验对比试验,各肌肉注射疫苗2．0mL／只,连续观察14d,试验结果表明,以上三种佐剂制备的疫苗均安全无副反应。     

副猪嗜血杆菌灭活疫苗佐剂的筛选

为了评价铝胶、蜂胶及白油佐剂对副猪嗜血杆菌的免疫增强效果,我们将铝胶、蜂胶和白油3种佐剂分别与副猪嗜血杆菌血清5型菌株联合制备灭活疫苗,然后接种雄性成年家兔,采用ELSIA方法分别检测3种灭活苗在免疫期间副猪嗜血杆菌P5蛋白的抗体效价。结果显示:3次免疫后,白油佐剂免疫组的平均效价为1∶4000,铝胶佐剂免疫组的平均效价为1∶700,蜂胶佐剂免疫组的平均效价为1∶100,无佐剂对照组的平均效价为1∶100。说明这3种佐剂中免疫增强效果最好的为白油,铝胶次之。     

牦牛大肠埃希杆菌病灭活疫苗对牦牛保护性的研究

为了研究牦牛大肠埃希杆菌病灭活疫苗不同免疫次数对牦牛免疫保护的情况,试验随机将牦牛分成3组,接种牦牛大肠埃希杆菌病灭活疫苗,1mL/头(含菌数200亿个/mL)。第1组为1次免疫组,第2组为2次免疫组,第3组为对照组(不接种组),疫苗接种后3,6,9,12个月分别对试验牦牛采血测抗体效价,并在接种疫苗12个月后对试验牦牛进行攻毒试验。结果表明:1次免疫抗体效价从接种到6个月呈上升趋势,6个月以后呈下降趋势,而且下降速度较快;2次免疫抗体效价从接种到3个月呈上升趋势,3个月到6个月保持平稳,6个月以后呈下降趋势,但到12个月时抗体效价仍能保持为2.408lg,抗体水平下降速度较慢。攻毒试验结果为1次免疫组有部分牦牛发病,2次免疫组牦牛均未发病,对照组全部发病。说明牦牛大肠埃希杆菌病灭活疫苗对牦牛2次免疫比1次免疫效果好,对牦牛保护性可靠。     

坏死梭杆菌FN(A)p2001株小鼠感染模型的建立

将鹿源坏死梭杆菌FN(A)p2001分离株以3×108、3×107、3×106、3×105、3×104、3×103个/只等不同菌量,分别接种于6组小鼠,每组10只,逐日观察小鼠感染情况.结果表明,3×106、3×107、3×108个/只菌量感染组小鼠,在接种后3 d～8 d先后死亡,5 d后死亡小鼠的病理变化明显,并从死亡小鼠内脏及脓汁中均检到长丝状及小杆状等多形态典型的坏死梭杆菌;3×104个/只和3×105个/只菌量感染仅表现体重减轻,3×103个/只菌量感染无明显临床表现.由此表明,坏死梭杆菌FN(A)P2001分离株具有很强的感染毒力;对小鼠的最小致死量为106个/只菌量;腹腔接种是适宜的感染途径.从而建立了坏死梭杆菌分离株小鼠感染模型.     

牛魏氏梭菌浓缩氢氧化铝灭活苗的制备及其免疫兔的抗体动态变化研究

将牛源魏氏梭菌磐石、双阳、德惠菌株作为生产菌苗株,制备浓缩甲醛氢氧化铝灭活苗,该苗安全性好,免疫后３０天以２个致死量强毒攻击,可获１００％保护,免疫后２００天以同样剂量攻击仍可获９０％保护。经氢氧化铝与蜂胶佐剂对比试验,氢氧化铝佐剂比蜂胶佐剂免疫效果好。抗体动态试验表明,免疫后３０～５０天,菌体抗体和毒素抗体均达最高峰。用兔血清进行中和试验表明,免疫后３０天兔血清能中和８（ＭＬＤ）毒素,小鼠全部存活。     

Simultaneous presence of a seminoma and a leiomyoma in the testes of a horse

An 18‐year‐old stallion was presented for castration because of insidious, bilateral scrotal enlargement of one year's duration. The left testis was firm, while the right was soft and lobulated; both were larger than normal. Palpation of the scrotum and its contents did not cause the horse to show signs of discomfort. Ultrasonography of scrotal contents revealed abnormal, heterogeneous tissue with ill defined regions of hyper‐ and hypoechogenity throughout both testes. Several hours after admission the horse developed severe signs of colic. On the basis of anamnesis, clinical findings, and results of ultrasonography and transrectal palpation bilateral testicular neoplasia and incarcerated inguinal hernia were tentatively diagnosed. Because the horse's owner did not consent to surgical treatment, the stallion was subjected to euthanasia. Histological and immunohistochemical examination of the testicular tissue collected post mortem revealed a seminoma in the left testis and a leiomyoma in the right testis. The post mortem examination also revealed incarceration of the small intestine in addition to the testicular tumours. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the simultaneous presence of bilateral, yet different testicular tumour types in a stallion.     

Leiomyoma of a kidney in a dog: a rare diagnosis

A five-year-old, neutered male, Bernese Mountain Dog was referred because of a two-week history of hematuria and a one-week history of polydipsia and polyuria. Palpation of the dorsomedial mesogastrium revealed a mass on the left side, which was seen via radiography and ultrasonography to be attached to the left kidney. The left kidney and the attached mass were excised surgically, and the dog had an uneventful recovery. Histological examination of the mass revealed a dense proliferation of non-polymorphic spindle cells, which stained positive for smooth muscle actin via immunohistochemistry. Leiomyoma of the kidney was diagnosed. Postoperatively, there was mild azotaemia, which did not affect the general condition of the dog and was still present 15 months after surgery. Leiomyoma of the kidney is a benign tumor, and hematuria may be the only clinical sign.     

Surgical resection of a dysgerminoma in a mare

A mare was referred for further evaluation of a mass found in the left caudal abdomen during a routine postpartum reproductive palpation. The mare was clinically normal with no history of health problems. Ultrasonographic examination of the mass confirmed its presence, but the origin of the mass could not be accurately determined. Routine haematology and serum biochemistry results were within normal limits. The mare was initially treated conservatively with antibiotics, but the mass continued to increase in size, so it was surgically excised. The mass involved the left ovary. The mare showed transient abdominal pain after surgery, but developed no other complications and was in foal 7 months later. On histology, the mass was diagnosed as a dysgerminoma, a rare ovarian tumour of germ cell origin.     

Gastrocutaneous fistula as a result of migration of a foreign body in a dog

A six-year-old, female Tibetan terrier was referred for investigation of a non-healing wound on the left caudal thorax. A subcutaneous swelling had initially developed on the chest wall, followed by a draining tract from which seropurulent fluid drained for two months. There had been no response to antibiotic treatment. Following radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations, a bone sequestrum from a fractured rib or a foreign body was suspected. Surgical exploration of the wound identified a sinus tract and a wooden foreign body (an ice-lolly stick) was located in subcutaneous tissues. Partial wound dehiscence of the surgical site occurred postoperatively, but healed after 10 days. One month later, fluid began to discharge from the area again. Further surgical exploration confirmed a gastrocutaneous fistula. Dissection of the fistula and surgical closure of the stomach, body wall and skin led to resolution of all signs.