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分别用喷雾法、浸叶法测试了黄顶菊1 g· mL-1水提液对斜纹夜蛾的触杀活性,结果表明,喷雾处理72 h后斜纹夜蛾存活率仅为54.17%,浸叶处理24、48 h存活率均明显低于对照.混拌饲料饲喂试验表明:黄顶菊各组织1∶6混拌饲料,花混拌处理胃毒作用稍强;叶、花混拌均明显抑制棉铃虫生长.花混拌饲喂斜纹夜蛾,发育为4龄幼虫的比例仅为13.33%,叶混拌饲喂影响不明显;花、茎混拌对斜纹夜蛾幼虫虫体质量抑制率分别为57.26%和10.07%,叶混拌的影响不明显;花、叶对斜纹夜蛾雄、雌蛹蛹质量抑制率分别为12.14%和19.73%,羽化率下降64.0%~72.0%.此外,黄顶菊叶、花混拌饲料可使斜纹夜蛾化蛹高峰期分别推迟3d和10 d左右,茎混拌雄、雌蛹羽化时间分别推迟5d和3d,叶、花混拌推迟2~3 d. 相似文献
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几种植物乙醇提取物对螺旋粉虱的生物活性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用玻管药膜法和田间试验研究飞机草、青葙、假蒟等6种植物叶片的乙醇提取物对螺旋粉虱的生物活性.结果表明,各供试提取物均对螺旋粉虱表现出一定的生物活性,其中以飞机草和青葙的活性最高,其LC50分别为753.40,999.81 mg/kg,其余4种提取物对螺旋粉虱的活性大小依次为:假茼>菠萝蜜>含羞草>桃金娘.田间试验结果表明,飞机草和青葙提取物对螺旋粉虱成虫均具有较高活性,在50倍浓度处理下,飞机草和青葙提取物的防效均在75%以上. 相似文献
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灭幼脲类对茶黑毒蛾卵和幼虫的生物活性及防治效果 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
灭幼脲是一类人工合成的昆虫生长调节剂,经对茶黑毒蛾卵和幼虫生物活性的研究,结果表明,灭幼脲Ⅰ、Ⅲ号浸渍卵块能够显著降低其孵化率;饲喂幼虫可使其存活率降低98.7%—100%;而低浓度则可明显延长5龄幼虫的历期。田间试验结果表明,250g/hm~2灭幼脲类的防效达97%—100%,且对人、畜及茶园天敌安全。 相似文献
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本文概述了棉铃虫性诱剂的化学特性与生物活性,重点阐明了性诱剂分子的不稳定性和延长诱效期的技术措施,提出了性诱剂在贮存和应用中应注意的问题。 相似文献
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通过索氏抽提和乙醇浸提法提取假蒟(Rper.saormentosum Roxb.)杀虫活性成分,即获得乙醇浸提物、乙醇索氏提取物和石油醚索氏提取物,研究其对皮氏叶螨(Tetranychus pieroei McGregor)各龄虫的触杀及对成螨驱避、产卵抑制等方面的生物活性.结果表明:乙醇浸提物和石油醚索氏提取物对皮氏叶螨卵的毒杀效果均较好,用20mg/g的浓度处理后,杀卵效果均在95%以上:对若螨的生物活性以乙醇索氏提取物最好,当浓度为15mg/g时,校正死亡率达95.19%,明显强于石油醚索氏提取物;乙醇浸提物、乙醇索氏提取物和石油醚索氏提取物对成螨的LC50分别为3.2141,6.093 1,3.518 8 mg/g,LC95分别为8.5750,18.700 7,9.311 4 mg/g;用质量分数0.4%乙醇浸提物和石油醚索氏提取液处理的皮氏叶螨成螨寿命明显短于乙醇索氏提取物和对照,产卵抑制指数以石油醚索氏提取物最高,为0.1465,乙醇索氏提取物最低,为0.0825;3种提取物对皮氏叶螨均有良好的驱避作用. 相似文献
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几种植物源杀虫剂对螺旋粉虱的生物活性及田间防治效果 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用室内生物测定和大田药效试验等方法,测定印楝素、苦参碱和烟碱对螺旋粉虱的室内生物活性与田间防治效果.结果表明,这3种杀虫剂均对螺旋粉虱具有较高的生物活性.其中在对螺旋粉虱成虫的毒力测定中,印楝素、苦参碱和烟碱LC_(50)值分别为0.0998、0.013 3、0.0023mg/L,对3龄若虫的LC_(50)值分别为1.6724、0.0593、0.031 5mg/L,对卵的LC_(50)值分别为1.2117、0.0340和0.011 3mg/L.大田药效结果表明,3种植物源杀虫剂对螺旋粉虱均有很好的防治效果和持效性,其中在1.00 mg/L的浓度下,药后5 d的防治效果仍在80%左右. 相似文献
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安徽省宿松县是国家优质棉基地县,常年棉花种植面积20km^2左右。尽管抗虫棉的种植缓解了棉铃虫的为害,但抗虫棉不是无虫棉,且抗虫棉棉株在不同的发育时期对棉铃虫的抗性不同,棉株的不同部位、不同器官的抗虫能力也不同,因此,还需要化学药剂辅助防治。 相似文献
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探讨使用环境友好复合型防治害虫中试药剂扫虫光防治瓜菜害虫的发生与危害及其对作物生长发育的安全性,比较分析扫虫光对棉铃虫的防治效果及其处理对辣椒的安全性,试验结果表明:扫虫光1 000倍液、1 500倍稀释液不仅对棉铃虫具有良好的防治效果,而且对植株生长安全;扫虫光500倍液虽然对棉铃虫具有良好防治效果,但植株生长畸形。因此,综合考虑经济、高效和简便等因素,扫虫光1 000-1 500倍稀释液可广泛用于防治瓜菜棉铃虫的发生与危害。 相似文献
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Ramana Narava Sai Ram Kumar D V Jagdish Jaba Anil Kumar P Ranga Rao G V Srinivasa Rao V Suraj Prashad Mishra Vinod Kukanur 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2022,22(3)
Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Noctuidae: Lepidopetra) is a polyphagous pest of major crops grown in India. To prevent the damage caused by H. armigera farmers rely heavily on insecticides of diverse groups on a regular basis which is not a benign practice, environmentally and economically. To provide more efficient and accurate information on timely application of insecticides, this research was aimed to develop a forecast model to predict population dynamics of pod borer using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The data used in this study were collected from the randomly installed sex pheromone traps at International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad. Several ARIMA (p, d, q) (P, D, Q) and ANN models were developed using the historical trap catch data. ARIMA model (1,0,1), (1,0,2) with minimal BIC, RMSE, MAPE, MAE, and MASE values and higher R2 value (0.53) was selected as the best ARIMA fit model, and neural network (7-30-1) was found to be the best fit to predict the catches of male moths of pod borer from September 2021 to August 2023. A comparative analysis performed between the ARIMA and ANN, shows that the ANN based on feed forward neural networks is best suited for effective pest prediction. With the developed ARIMA model, it would be easier to predict H. armigera adult population dynamics round the year and timely intervention of control measures can be followed by appropriate decision-making schedule for insecticide application. 相似文献
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The cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a widespread pest of many cultivated and wild plants in Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia. In 2013, this species was reported in Brazil, attacking various host crops in the midwestern and northeastern regions of the country and is now found countrywide. Aiming to understand the effects of different host plants on the life cycle of H. armigera, we selected seven species of host plants that mature in different seasons and are commonly grown in these regions: cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, “FM993”), corn (Zea mays, “2B587”), soybean (Glycine max, “99R01”), rattlepods (Crotalaria spectabilis), millet (Pennisetum glaucum, “ADR300”), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor, “AGROMEN70G35”), and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata, “SEMPRE VERDE”). The development time of immatures, body weight, survivorship, and fecundity of H. armigera were evaluated on each host plant under laboratory conditions. The bollworms did not survive on corn, millet, or sorghum and showed very low survival rates on rattlepods. Survival rates were highest on soybean, followed by cotton and cowpea. The values for relative fitness found on soybean, cotton, cowpea, and rattlepods were 1, 0.5, 0.43, and 0.03, respectively. Survivorship, faster development time, and fecundity on soybean, cotton, and cowpea were positively correlated. Larger pupae and greater fecundity were found on soybean and cotton. The results indicated that soybean, cotton, and cowpea are the most suitable plants to support the reproduction of H. armigera in the field. 相似文献
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为研究Bt棉田靶标害虫棉铃虫和非靶标害虫斜纹夜蛾的爬行规律及Bt蛋白对其爬行能力的影响,采用TrackSphere LC-100昆虫行为记录仪分别进行测定。结果表明:随着龄期的增加,棉铃虫幼虫停留次数逐渐增加,且幼虫在白天的活动能力显著高于晚上,而斜纹夜蛾则相反,随着龄期的增加,斜纹夜蛾幼虫的停留次数逐渐减少,同时幼虫在各时间段之间的差异也逐渐显著。用Bt棉或Bt蛋白饲喂2种幼虫发现,Bt蛋白对棉铃虫爬行能力的影响显著大于斜纹夜蛾,这种影响主要集中在低龄段,且一定浓度阈值范围内Bt蛋白对棉铃虫和斜纹夜蛾的爬行能力具有促进作用,超过此阈值范围其促进作用开始转化为抑制。结果为进一步了解棉铃虫和斜纹夜蛾幼虫爬行规律,研究Bt棉对棉铃虫的控制作用及次要害虫斜纹夜蛾的再度猖獗原因提供重要科学依据。 相似文献
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