延长农业机械使用寿命浅析

正农业机械寿命的长短、生产效率和工作精度的高低,固然取决于其本身的结构和性能,但在很大程度上也取决于其使用与维护水平。同一台设备,管理有序,使用操作程序正确、合理,维护得当,就可以防止设备非正常磨损和事故的发生,保证设备的良好运转,充分发挥其应有的     

农业机械设备使用与维修

农业机械寿命的长短、生产效率和工作精度的高低,固然取决于其本身的结构和性能,但在很大程度上也取决于其使用与维护水平。同一台设备,管理有序,使用操作程序正确、合理,维护得当,就可以防止     

机床润滑系统维护与检修

数控机床作为一种高精度自动化设备,其能否安全可靠运行,在很大程度上取决于机床的日常维护和必要检修。文章以数控机床的润滑系统为研究对象,分析数控机床润滑系统的维护与检修。     

高校教学实验设备的管理

要进一步提高高校实验教学的质量和科学研究水平,搞好教学实验室的建设与管理非常重要.在教学实验室仪器设备的管理中,要做好教学实验设备的购置、验收和维护等工作,改革管理体制,使管理进一步制度化、科学化.管理高校教学实验设备工作是一项系统工程,涉及到各个方面,必须要长期重视,才能达到实效.     

基于神经网络的利乐包装设备零件寿命的预测

以可靠性为中心的维修思想为指导,整理、利用某工厂5台利乐液体包装设备近10年零件更换和工作条件的历史数据,根据设备维修实践,提出了零件剩余寿命率的概念,设计实现了BP神经网络,预测设备主要零件的剩余寿命率,得到了较为满意的预测结果.该方法可作为利乐设备预防性维护系统(TPMS)的补充方法,对利乐设备维护管理有较强的实际指导意义,给操作和维修人员及时提供准备更换零件的信息,从而保证乳品生产的可靠性,有效降低生产成本和设备维护成本.     

农机液压油污染与维护问题的探讨

随着液压技术的迅速发展,液压油日益精细与成熟,但油品的污染还很难避免.液压油的污染是系统发生故障的主要原因,加强对液压油的维护管理,是延长液压设备及液压油寿命的重要手段,且可以提高液压系统的灵活性与工作效率.为此,着重介绍了固体、水、空气对液压油污染和正确维护管理液压油的方法.     

大型农业机械维护与保养技术研究

由于农业生产的特殊性,大型农业机械设备往往会由于使用、保养维护不当而出现性能问题、安全问题,严重影响生产秩序的正常进行和农民良好经济效益的实现.所以,必须采取有效的管理方法与技术手段,加强大型农业机械设备的维护管理和日常保养管理,避免由于农业机械问题影响农业生产的有序进行.本文就做好大型农业机械维护与保养工作的重要性,...     

变电站GIS设备运行维护管理研究

GIS设备占地面积小、污染少、运行可靠性高,采用GIS设备的变电站在城市中心区得到越来越广泛的应用。GIS设备的稳定运行是电力系统安全供电的可靠保证,因此GIS设备的运行维护管理是操作队非常重要的工作之一。针对GIS设备的特点,结合西罗园操作队在110 kV GIS设备日常运行维护管理方面所做的工作,就GIS设备巡视、压力管理、资料管理、事故处理等方面进行了分析和探讨,希望能对变电站GIS设备管理提供参考。     

水泥机械设备的管理及维护探析

近年来水泥产业发展迅速,这一方面取决于我国生产力水平的提高,另一方面来源于水泥机械设备在水泥产业中的应用。随着社会经济水平的提高,各种水泥机械设备兴起,在水泥产业中应用水泥机械设备,可以节省人力、时间,提高产业效率,促进水泥产业的发展。如果在水泥设备使用过程中不做好管理和维护,会出现很多问题,严重影响设备的使用和水泥产业的进程。管是水泥设备的生产者、加工者还是使用者,都要对水泥设备加以管理和维护,文章对此进行研究。     

提升营配信息集成数据质量 夯实规范化管理成果

<正>实施的背景县级供电企业提高精益化管理,需要在供电所规范化管理和台区规范化管理上下功夫。在配网GIS系统和营销系统中,中压配网设备台账的准确率较高,是生产运行的依据,但对于低压数据则管理维护不到位,系统中的低压线路和户表的准确性很低,成为供电所生产运维和客户服务工作的短板。由于低压设备台账不准确,导     

FARMFLOW—A dynamic model for phosphorus mass flow,simulating conventional and organic management of a Swedish dairy farm

A farm systems mass-balance calculation model, FARMFLOW, was applied to a case study comparing organic and conventional management of a Swedish experimental dairy farm, Öjebyn. Parameterisation of the model is implemented using detailed field data from the Öjebyn farm where the two management systems have been run parallel for more than 11 years. Simulations were made to compare the stocks, flows and resulting balances of phosphorus (P) in the two systems during six crop rotations (36 years). In addition, a maximum animal density scenario was tested, in order to analyse the effects of increased production intensity. Results show that FARMFLOW can be a useful tool for analysing the impact of management on internal farm P dynamics, as well as imports and exports. The organic management results in a higher proportion of internal P flows whereas the conventional system relies more on imports of P in feed and mineral fertilisers. In both management systems, the crop rotation cause large temporal and spatial variation in the application of manure P to the soil system. The resulting field specific soil P accumulation can indicate which fields to target with changed fertilisation management. In the maximum animal density scenario, both management systems led to an application rate of manure P in excess of crop demands.     

健全制度 规范管理 不断提升农业综合开发工作水平

淮安市淮阴区农业开发局以"创新机制增活力,规范管理上水平"为宗旨,以创建省级优质工程为目标,积极探索科学规范的项目管理模式,不断提升农业综合开发工作水平。在长期开发实践中,形成了一套"十项制度工作法"的管理体系。     

Asset Management Programmes for Financial Planning and Management in Irrigation and Drainage

This paper presents a framework for the use of asset management programs for short, medium and long-term financial planning and management of irrigation and drainage systems. Asset management plans provide decision-makers the information on costs of infrastructure and their management in different stages of the financial management cycle. Their use is clarified for defining service levels and their associated costs, allocation of cost to specific services, defining charges and service fees and preparing budgets and subsidy arrangements for operation, maintenance, rehabilitation or modernisation of infrastructure.     

企业IT系统内部协同管理研究

企业IT系统内部的协同管理指的是不管该系统属于内部的信息系统还是外部的信息系统,将只要是企业内部处理的事物协调的管理起来的过程。文章对企业IT系统内部协同管理进行了探讨。     

RZWQM: Simulating the effects of management on water quality and crop production

The interactive use of experimentation and modeling is an efficient way to devise and test new agricultural management systems. The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) is a comprehensive simulation model designed to predict the hydrologic response, including potential for groundwater contamination, of alternative crop-management systems. The model is one-dimensional (vertical into the soil profile) and integrates physical, biological and chemical processes. It simulates crop development and the movement of water, nutrients and pesticides over and through the root zone for a representative unit area of an agricultural field over multiple years. RZWQM allows for a variety of management practices: tillage; irrigation, fertilizer, manure and pesticide applications; tile drainage and crop rotations. Several significant validation efforts have shown the usefulness of RZWQM for evaluating and developing management scenarios.     

Extending results from agricultural fields with intensively monitored data to surrounding areas for water quality management

A 45% reduction in riverine total nitrogen flux from the 1980-1996 time period is needed to meet water quality goals in the Mississippi Basin and Gulf of Mexico. This paper addresses the goal of reducing nitrogen in the Mississippi River through three objectives. First, the paper outlines an approach to the site-specific quantification of management effects on nitrogen loading from tile drained agriculture using a simulation model and expert review. Second, information about the net returns to farmers is integrated with the nitrogen loading information to assess the incentives to adopt alternative management systems. Third, the results are presented in a decision support framework that compares the rankings of management systems based on observed and simulated values for net returns and nitrogen loading. The specific question addressed is how information about the physical and biological processes at Iowa State University’s Northeast Research Farm near Nashua, Iowa, could be applied over a large area to help farmers select management systems to reduce nitrogen loading in tile drained areas. Previous research has documented the parameterization and calibration of the RZWQM model at Nashua to simulate 35 management system effects on corn and soybean yields and N loading in tileflow from 1990 to 2003. As most management systems were studied for a 6 year period and in some cases weather had substantial impacts, a set of 30 alternative management systems were also simulated using a common 1974-2003 input climate dataset. To integrate an understanding of the economics of N management, we calculated net returns for all management systems using the DevTreks social budgeting tool. We ranked the 35 observed systems in the Facilitator decision support tool using N loading and net returns and found that rankings from simulated results were very similar to those from the observed results from both an onsite and offsite perspective. We analyzed the effects of tillage, crop rotation, cover crops, and N application method, timing, and amount for the 30 long term simulations on net returns and N loading. The primary contribution of this paper is an approach to creating a quality assured database of management effects on nitrogen loading and net returns for tile drained agriculture in the Mississippi Basin. Such a database would systematically extend data from intensively monitored agricultural fields to the larger area those fields represent.     

Life cycle assessment of high- and low-profitability commodity and deep-bedded niche swine production systems in the Upper Midwestern United States

We used ISO-compliant life cycle assessment to evaluate the comparative environmental performance of high- and low-profitability commodity and deep-bedded niche swine production systems in the Upper Midwestern United States. Specifically, we evaluated the contributions of feed production, in-barn energy use, manure management, and piglet production to farm-gate life cycle energy use, ecological footprint, and greenhouse gas (GHG) and eutrophying emissions per animal produced and per live-weight kg. We found that commodity systems generally outperform deep-bedded niche systems for these criteria, but that significant overlap occurs in the range of impacts characteristic of high- and low-profitability production between systems. Given the non-optimized status of current deep-bedded niche relative to commodity production, we suggest that optimizing niche systems through improvements in feed and sow herd efficiency holds significant environmental performance improvement potential. Drivers of impacts differed between commodity and deep-bedded niche systems. Feed production was the key consideration in both, but proportionally more important in niche production due to lower feed use efficiencies. Liquid manure management in commodity production strongly influenced GHG emissions, whereas solid manure management increased eutrophication potential due to outdoor storage in deep-bedded niche production. We further observe an interesting but highly imperfect relationship between economic and environmental performance measures, where profitability tracks well with resource (in particular, feed) throughput, but only indirectly with emissions intensity.     

Fisheries and water productivity in tropical river basins: Enhancing food security and livelihoods by managing water for fish

Faced with growing pressure upon freshwater resources, increased water productivity in agriculture is essential. Efforts to do so however need to consider the wider role of water in sustaining food production. This paper considers the importance of water management in sustaining fish production in tropical river basins, and the potential for enhancing food production and income to farmers by integrating fish production into some farming systems. Specific examples from selected river systems and irrigated farming systems in Africa and Asia are provided. These highlight the benefits of integrating the water requirements for fish into water allocation decisions. In some cases, these benefits can be realised without any reduction in the water available for other purposes, while in others, a trade-off needs to be considered. The nature of these trade-offs needs to be better understood for better decision making in water management.     

Performance of agency-managed and farmer-managed irrigation systems: A comparative case study at Chitwan, Nepal

Management reforms are considered one of the best alternatives in increasing efficiency of the irrigation systems. Transfer of day-to-day operation and maintenance to farmers is not a new concept. However due to lags, even now it is a hot issue in developing countries and Nepal is not an exception. In this context of growing argument about the transfer of management of public irrigation systems to the Water Users' Group, this paper examines the comparative performance of farmer-managed and agency-managed irrigation systems. Khageri Irrigation System in the Chitwan district of Nepal was taken as the study site where complete management transfer has been done in 1996. The situations before and after complete transfer were compared. Intensive case studies of the selected farmers showed that equity in distribution of water and leakage had significantly improved after management transfer. Logit analysis revealed that age and education level of the household head, distance from main canal, leakage of the canal and equity in distribution are significantly related to the satisfaction level of the beneficiary farmers from FMIS compared to AMIS. However, landholding size of the respondent farmer has no significant effect. Similarly results from t-test revealed that rice productivity and overall profits from agriculture has also increased significantly due to irrigation management transfer.     

发变机组嵌入式保护联网管理系统的开发

在研究电力系统继电保护设备管理面临问题的基础上,开发出了一套基于嵌入式技术和Web技术的联网管理系统。同时,说明了嵌入式Linux系统的特点,给出了基于嵌入式Linux系统利用TCP/IP网络套接字机制实现客户机/服务器模式的网络通讯程序设计方法,并将该方法应用到嵌入式保护联网管理系统中,实现系统中嵌入式设备间的数据传输。