杨白潜叶蛾田间药剂防治试验

在河南濮阳选用杀铃脲等4种不同浓度杀虫剂对杨白潜叶蛾幼虫进行了田间药剂防治对比试验,结果显示5%杀铃脲SC、10%吡虫啉WP和48%毒死蜱EC1000倍效果最好,喷药后11 d相对防效均为100%;其次为10%吡虫啉WP、1.8%阿维菌素EC、5%杀铃脲SC和48%毒死蜱EC 1500～2 000倍,相对防效在88%～98%。本着经济、有效、环保的原则,建议生产上在幼虫危害初期用5%杀铃脲SC 1 500～2 000倍树冠喷施或与其它3种杀虫剂2 000倍交替使用进行防治。     

杨树壳梭孢溃疡病菌的室内毒力测定

在室内培养条件下,采用生长速率法测定了6种常用杀菌剂对杨树壳梭孢溃疡病菌Fusicco-cum fesculi的抑制效果,结果表明:80%代森锰锌WP和50%异菌脲WP对F.fesculi抑制效果最好,EC50值分别是38.175,41.947 mg/L;70%甲基硫菌灵WP2,5%三唑酮WP和75%百菌清WP抑菌效果次之,EC50值分别是137.43,149.90,205.98 mg/L;60%多菌灵WP抑菌效果最差,EC50值是419.91 mg/L。     

20%苍耳素乳油对苹果斑点落叶病的田间药效试验

田间药效试验结果表明:20%苍耳素乳油对苹果斑点落叶病具有很好的防效,20%苍耳素乳油500倍、300倍和100倍3种处理剂量在春稍停止生长后10 d的防效分别为69.7%、81.6%和85.9%,其中100倍液防治效果与20%的多菌灵防效80.9%呈显著差异;在末次施药后10 d供试药剂3个处理剂量的防效分别为65.5%、76.2%和78.8%,对照药剂50%多菌灵则为77.5%,方差分析表明,20%苍耳素乳油300倍、100倍液防效与对照药剂防效相当。     

赤水撑绿竹根腐病菌室内药剂筛选

采用生长速率法和悬滴法测定了8种常用杀菌剂对赤水撑绿竹Bambusa pervariabilis×dendrocalamopsis daii根腐病病原菌尖孢镰孢菌Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制作用,并测定了杀菌剂对尖孢镰孢菌的毒力。结果表明,各杀菌剂对菌丝生长和孢子萌发有不同程度的抑制作用,其中70%敌磺钠WP、3%广枯灵AS能很好地抑制菌丝生长,而70%敌磺钠WP、3%广枯灵AS、70%甲基硫菌灵WP、10%苯醚甲环唑WG对孢子萌发有较强的抑制作用,抑制率均在80%以上。对菌丝生长与孢子萌发均有明显作用的杀菌剂为70%敌磺钠WP、3%广枯灵AS。毒力测定结果表明,70%敌磺钠WP、3%广枯灵AS对尖孢镰孢菌的毒力最高,其EC50分别为0.072 5,0.112 6μg/mL、其次为70%甲基硫菌灵WP和10%苯醚甲环唑WG,其EC50分别为7.8216,7.318 7μg/mL。其余几种药剂的毒力较差。8种药剂的相关系数均在0.98以上,药剂浓度与抑制作用呈正相关。     

栗苞蚜在日照的发生规律及防治试验

栗苞蚜Moritziella castaneivora Miyazaki于2004年在日照首次发现。该虫1 a发生10～13代。对日本栗的各个品种危害都很严重,也危害中国板栗,但危害程度较轻,且仅局限在日本栗引种栽培区附近。选用10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂、5%啶虫脒可湿性粉剂、1.8%阿维菌素乳油、15%哒螨灵乳油和25%三唑锡可湿性粉剂等5种常规药剂进行田间防治试验,结果表明吡虫啉防治效果最好,其次是啶虫脒、阿维菌素。专业杀蚜药剂的防治效果明显好于专业杀螨药剂。     

不同杀菌剂对油茶炭疽病田间防治试验

通过室内毒力测定,结果表明：40％氟硅唑乳油、10％苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂、25％丙环唑乳油和12？5％戊唑醇可湿性粉剂对病原菌菌丝生长具有较好抑菌作用。田间试验结果表明：40％氟硅唑乳油2000倍液和10％苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂4500倍液防治效果较好,防效分别为65.98％和61.68％。     

Efficacy of nine insecticides against shoot and fruit borer, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Leucinodes orbonalis</Emphasis> Guenee (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in eggplant

Shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee, is a serious pest of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Management practices of this obnoxious pest are limited to frequent spray of chemical insecticides. Due to increasing levels of resistance of L. orbonalis to different insecticides there is an urgent need to test new chemicals. In this study, nine insecticides such as azadirachtin 0.03EC, abamectin 1.8EC, flubendiamide 24WG, chlorpyriphos 20EC, cartap 50SP, carbosulfan 20EC, thiodicarb 75WP, cypermethrin 10EC, and lambdacyhalothrin 2.5EC belonging to different chemical groups were tested against eggplant shoot and fruit borer in laboratory and field. In laboratory trial, carbosulfan and flubendiamide showed the highest toxicity against fourth instar larvae of L. orbonalis after 24 and 48 h of exposure, respectively. In field trials, they reduced more than 80% shoot and fruit infestation in winter, and 80% shoot and 70% fruit infestation in summer over control. Carbosulfan protected the highest amount of healthy fruit yield in both cropping seasons. Flubendiamide also showed the similar efficacy. Cartap and thiodicarb were moderately effective in both the seasons. Efficacy of cypermethrin and abamectin was moderate in winter but low in summer. Lambdacyhalothrin and chlorpyriphos although reduced shoot and fruit infestation of eggplant and protected higher yield as compared to control, their effectiveness was not satisfactory. The performance of azadirachtin against the pest both in the laboratory and field trials was the poorest while that of carbosulfan and flubendiamide was the best. Thus, it is suggested that carbosulfan and flubendiamide may be used for the control of L. orbonalis in eggplant.     

Assessing toxicity of post-emergence herbicides to the Spilarctia obliqua Walker (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)

The lethal and sublethal effects of three post-emergence herbicides, 2,4-D ethyl ester (Weedkill 80WP), imazethapyr (Pursuit 10EC) and quizalofop ethyl (Tergasuper 5EC) fortified with artificial diets were studied on larvae of Spilarctia obliqua Walker (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). Quizalofop ethyl and imazethapyr caused significant reduction of pest survival at almost all levels; however, 2,4-D ethyl ester was nontoxic. Interestingly, LC₅₀ data (0.230 and 0.855% for quizalofop ethyl and imazethapyr, respectively) obtained from probit analysis were almost equal to labeled doses (x) of quizalofop ethyl (x = 0.16%) and imazethapyr (x = 0.625%), which shows the high toxicity of these compounds against S. obliqua larvae. Among the three herbicides, imazethapyr caused sublethal effects on this pest, increasing the larval period at almost all concentrations tested in the artificial diet. Considering the markedly significant effect of quizalofop ethyl on pest survivorship with no sublethal effect, we suggest incorporating it into the integrated pest management module for S. obliqua in legumes or oilseed crops with other biorational insecticides. Based on toxicity, imazethapyr can be a potential candidate for integrated management of S. obliqua. However, because of its sublethal effects, we advocate caution while using it in the presence of pest infestations.     

Control of verticillium wilt in Cotinus coggygria

We analyzed the inhibition rates of eight kinds of fungicides to the pathogen of verticillium wilt of smoke tree (Cotinus coggygria) by measuring mycelium growth. Results show that four fungicides (Weijunjing, thiophanate-methyl 70% WP (wettable powder), carbendazim 50% WP and Junxianwei) have the best antifungal effects. Three fungicides, Weijunjing, carbendazim 50% WP and Junxianwei, were selected to determine the control of verticillium wilt in potted smoke tree seedlings. We found that the relative efficacy of Weijunjing was up to 74%. Based on the results, Weijunjing and carbendazim 50% WP were prepared for field trials. The results indicate that the relative efficacy of Weijunjing (300 times diluted) and carbendazim 50% WP (400 times diluted) were 66.2% and 48.9% in plot 1 and 26.4% and 31.8% in plot 2 after soil disinfection, and were 224% and 61.8% in plot 3 without soil disinfection in 2007. The relative efficacy of Weijunjing and carbendazim 50% WP were 49.6% and 45.4% in plot 2 in 2008.     

Feeding performance of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Clostera fulgurita</Emphasis> on three clones of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus deltoides</Emphasis>

Poplar leaf defoliator, Clostera fulgurita (Walker) larvae were reared on three Populus deltoides clones (PL1, PL5 and PL7) in the laboratory. The nutritional indices were computed for working out the relationship between food consumption and growth rate of 3rd, 4th and 5th instar larvae on three clones. The result showed that the consumption index (CI), approximate digestibility (AD), growth rate (GR), relative growth rate (RGR) and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) decreased with the increase in the age of the larvae. Efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) increased with increase in age of the larvae. GR and RGR varied significantly, indicating that larval development was enhanced on PL1 as compared to PL5 & PL7. The values of AD, ECI and ECD were not affected by the different clones. Feeding and growth indices could be useful to define a defoliation prediction model.     

高节竹梢枯病发生规律及防治试验

在掌握高节竹梢枯病Arenrinium phaeospermurn发生规律的基础上，对10种杀菌剂进行室内药效测定，选出的70％甲基托布津、50％多菌灵、80％402乳剂、40％异稻瘟净、20％粉锈宁等5种杀菌剂对暗孢节菱孢菌有较强的抑菌作用。野外防治试验表明，采用综合治理措施，防治效果可达88．2％。     

25%噻嗪酮可湿性粉剂防治核桃桑盾蚧试验

应用25％噻嗪酮可湿性粉剂在核桃桑盾蚧越冬代成虫期和第一代若虫期进行了林间防治试验,结果表明：25％噻嗪酮可湿性粉剂对桑盾蚧成虫没有杀灭作用,但对下一代若虫有一定的控制作用,100,200,400倍液喷雾防治控制效果分别为86.17％,74.57和64.25％,在生产中应用以100倍液效果最好;在若虫期施药对若虫的杀灭效果非常明显,500,1 000,1 500,2 000倍液防治效果分别为95.65％,95.4％,84.34％和65.94％,其中500,1 000倍液防治效果达到了95％以上,在生产上推广使用以1 000倍液浓度为宜.     

6种药剂对枸杞炭疽病的防治效果及其残留量的比较

为了筛选针对枸杞炭疽病的高效低残留农药,选用戊唑醇等6种药剂,就其药效及农药残留情况进行了田间比较试验。结果表明:施药后第7天,43%戊唑醇(SC)2 000倍液、40%氟硅唑(EC)6 000倍液、50%异菌脲(WP)1 000倍液、25%嘧菌酯(SC)1 000倍液、25%苯醚甲环唑(EC)1 000倍液和50%多菌灵(WP)500倍液对枸杞炭疽病的防治效果分别为97.00%、76.67%、69.33%、59.00%、56.00%和28.67%,施药后第10天的防治效果分别为92.50%、65.55%、47.41%、45.59%、45.44%和6.44%;戊唑醇的防治效果最好,氟硅唑次之。枸杞干果中戊唑醇的残留含量为2.60 mg·kg-1,低于最大残留限量;氟硅唑的残留含量为0.16 mg·kg~(-1),高于最大残留限量。6种试验药剂中只有戊唑醇符合高效低残留农药的筛选标准,可用于采果期枸杞炭疽病的防治。     

七种药剂对枣缩果病病原菌-细交链孢菌抑制作用

为有效防治枣缩果病的危害,选用7种杀菌剂对病原菌——细交链孢菌Alternaria alternata进行了室内抑菌试验和田间药剂防治试验。结果表明:20.67%万兴乳油 68.75%易保可分散粒剂 72%链霉素可溶性粉剂、10%世高可分散粒剂 90%新植霉素可溶性粉剂组合、80%大生M-45可湿性粉剂的抑菌能力最强;其次为20.67%万兴乳油、10%世高可分散粒剂和85%枣病克星可湿性粉剂;4%绿盾农抗120水剂对两种病原菌的抑制作用不明显。     

6种药剂对羊蹄甲蚜虫防治的药效研究

采用喷雾法测定了 5 种杀虫剂对棉蚜（Aphis gossypii）的室内毒力,比较了 6 种杀虫剂对苗圃 中羊蹄甲（Bauhinia purpurea）袋苗上棉蚜的防治效果,同时分析了药剂对羊蹄甲生长指标的影响。结果显 示： 0.25% 吡蚜酮对防治棉蚜效果最好, LC50 仅为 2.296 mg/L, 25% 噻虫嗪效果最差, LC50 为 41.396 mg/L。 6 种杀虫剂对苗圃袋苗上棉蚜的防治效果差异显著。施药处理 7 d 后, 2.5% 高效氯氟氰菊酯、 0.25% 吡蚜 酮和 1.2% 烟碱 · 苦参碱的防治效果最好,防治效果分别为 94.58%、 94.09% 和 89.16%。同时施用过高效氯 氟氰菊酯后的羊蹄甲袋苗在苗高、地径、地上部分鲜质量和地上部分干质量 4 个生长指标上均显著高于未 处理的袋苗。因此 2.5% 高效氯氟氰菊酯和 0.25% 吡蚜酮对防治羊蹄甲苗期棉蚜有较好的速效性和持效性, 同时 1.2% 烟碱 · 苦参碱也具有较高的防治效果,可以作为替代药剂穿插施用,以降低害虫抗药性风险。     

几种药剂对花椒棉蚜防治试验

选用4种杀虫剂,每种3个浓度,对花椒棉蚜进行室内防治试验,结果显示,1.8%阿维菌素乳油和10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂对蚜虫有较强的杀伤效果。田间防治试验结果表明,上述两种药剂对花椒棉蚜也有相似防治效果,是棉蚜有效的防治药剂。     

大栗鳃金龟成虫药剂防治试验

应用6种杀虫剂对大栗鳃金龟Melolontha hippocastani mongolica Ménétriés成虫进行室内药效试验,筛选出8%氯氰菊酯微胶囊剂、10%联苯菊酯乳油、3%高渗苯氧威乳油和45%马拉硫磷乳油4种有效杀虫剂,田间防治试验结果表明,施药48 h后8%氯氰菊酯微胶囊剂400倍液、800倍液,45%马拉硫磷3 000倍液,10%联苯菊酯乳油3 000倍液防治效果均达92%以上。     

白蜡外齿茎蜂防治试验研究

进行白蜡外齿茎蜂Stenocephus fraxini成虫和幼虫防治试验,结果表明:在成虫羽化高峰期喷药防治成虫,2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯2500倍液,1.8%阿维菌素1500倍液,3%噻虫啉1500倍液速效性好。在幼虫孵化初期灌根防治幼虫,25%噻虫嗪1000倍液和20%呋虫胺2000倍液防效最好;打孔注药防治幼虫,5%和10%吡虫啉原液、5%啶虫脒原液防效最好;毒死蜱不适宜于打孔注药使用。     

Initial and residual efficacy of insecticides on different surfaces against rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.)

The aim of the study was to investigate how various types of storage facilities with, e.g., concrete, metal, and plywood surfaces interfere with the activity of different insecticide formulations used for rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.) control: malathion (EC), pirimiphos-methyl (EC), and lambda-cyhalothrin (CS and WP). Initial and residual efficacy were determined in the laboratory. Knockdown data for the initial effects were processed by probit analysis and presented as knockdown time (KDT) parameters with kdt-p lines. Delayed effects were shown as knockdown efficacy (%) determined after 24 h of weevils’ contact with 7-, 14-, 30-, 60-, 90-, 120-, 150-, and 180-day-old deposits on each surface. Malathion (EC) and pirimiphos-methyl (EC) showed the highest initial knockdown efficacy on metal, while it was 3.6 (3.4)- and 4.4 (3.3)-fold lower on concrete and plywood, respectively. Lambda-cyhalothrin (CS and WP) showed the highest initial efficacy on concrete, and slightly lower (1.3 and 2.4) fold on metal and plywood, respectively. Both formulations of lambda-cyhalothrin and malathion on metal, as well as pirimiphos-methyl on plywood were 100 % efficient against S. oryzae 180 days after the treatment. Delayed efficacy of both formulations of lambda-cyhalothrin decreased on plywood after 120 days, and after 180 days the efficacy was 55 %. All insecticides, except lambda-cyhalothrin (CS), expressed low knockdown efficacy on concrete, while the deposit of lambda-cyhalothrin (CS) on concrete was 100 % efficient during 90 days, and after 120, 150, and 180 days the efficacy was 83, 65, and 17 %, respectively.     

Effects of processed kaolin on pests and non-target arthropods in a Spanish olive grove

The particle film technology based on processed kaolin sprays has been recently introduced for the control of the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), the key pest of olive groves. A 3-year field experiment was conducted from 2005 to 2007 at Villarejo de Salvanés, Spain to assess the efficacy of a kaolin-based product (Surround WP) for controlling B. oleae and two other olive insect pests: the olive black scale Saissetia oleae (Olivier) and the olive psyllid Euphyllura olivina (Costa). The effects of Surround WP on the arthropod community of olive trees and on natural enemies were also evaluated. In a high olive fruit fly pressure year (2007), Surround WP sprays significantly reduced the incidence of B. oleae and that of S. oleae. However, Surround WP treatments did not have any effect on E. olivina populations. Both the abundance and the diversity of arthropods were reduced by Surround WP treatment. The principal response curve (PRC) analysis revealed a significant deleterious effect of Surround WP on the natural enemy arthropod community of the olive grove. The most affected taxa were the following: the coccinellids Scymnus mediterraneus Iablokoff-Khnzorian, Stethorus punctillum Weise and Hyperaspis reppensis (Hbst.); the mirid Brachynotocoris ferreri n. sp. Baena (in litteris); different species of Orius and the families of Philodromidae, Scelionidae, Pteromalidae, Chrysopidae and Aphelinidae. Processed kaolin is proposed as an alternative to chemical control of the olive fruit fly. However, the effect of processed kaolin treatments on natural enemies should be taken into account in a rational pest control programme.