强优势高油分杂交油菜品种油研924的选育（英文）

国家863计划油菜项目"强优势甘蓝型油菜杂交种的创制与应用"要求其育成品种产量或产油量比对照品种增产10%以上,或含油量比对照提高3个百分点以上。杂交油菜品种油研924在长江中游两年区域试验中,平均产量和产油量分别达2 695.95 kg/hm2和1 264.35 kg/hm2,比同组参试品种平均产量和产油量分别增产5.22%和13.4%,比对照中油杂2号分别增产10.06%和23.68%,达到强优势杂交油菜品种标准;两年平均含油率为46.63%,比同组所有参试品种平均含油量高3.44个百分点,比中游杂2号平均含油量高5.14个百分点,生产试验含油量达49.21%。是一个强优势高油分品种。芥酸含量0.25%,硫甙含量20.27μmol/g(饼)。国家区试汇总资料总体评价为产油量高,丰产性好,品质达双低标准,抗倒性强,抗病性较好,熟期适中。     

油菜新品种晶华油901

正晶华油901是由荆州市晶华种业科技有限公司育成的三系杂交油菜品种。2015年通过湖北省审定。1.品质产量2010~2012年参加湖北省油菜品种区域试验,品质经农业部油料及制品质量监督检验测试中心测定,含油量44.55%,芥酸含量0.3%,饼粕硫苷含量17.80微摩尔/克,品质达到"双低"油菜品种标准。两年区域试验平均667平方米产199.10千克,比对照中油杂2号增产2.48%;平均667平方米产油量89.14千克,比中油杂2号增产8.88%。     

高油油菜品种中油杂11的分子辅助选育及广适应性

 【目的】利用现代生物技术提高油菜育种效率,培育高产油量广适应性新品种,提升中国油菜品种的技术水平和产业的核心竞争力。【方法】利用陕2A细胞质雄性不育为授粉控制系统,经杂交、测交和回交,并结合分子标记遗传距离评估预测杂种优势等方法选育甘蓝型油菜杂交种中油杂11,并对其产量、含油量和稳定性进行鉴定。【结果】中油杂11具有高含油量、高产、稳产、优质、适应性广等特点,其含油量在中国冬油菜主产区长江上、中和下游3个生态区稳定在43%以上,高的年份（2003～2004年度）可达46%以上。在湖北省区域试验中,平均产量为2 853 kg•ha-1,比对照中双6号增产11.34%。在全国的长江上、中、下游油菜品种区域试验中平均产量分别为2 405.7,2 697.3和2 770.2 kg•ha-1,比各区的对照品种分别增产11.52%,12.9%和 14.92%,均达极显著水平;以产油量计算,分别达到1 083.3,1 210.2和1 224.8 kg•ha-1,比对照分别增加29.42%,27.65%和20.98%。【结论】利用SSR结合SRAP分子标记估算油菜亲本间的遗传距离,可以较好地预测杂种优势,从而增加杂交种配制的目的性,有效提高杂交油菜育种的效率。     

甘蓝型双低杂交油菜新品种南油杂1号的选育

南油杂1号（代号03杂716）是用不育系南A7、恢复系98R配组育成的双低甘蓝型细胞质雄性不育三系杂交油菜新品种。2006-2007年参加四川省油菜区域试验,两年平均产量2346.75kg/hm2,分别比对照蜀杂6号增产6.92%、比对照川油21增产10.44%,平均芥酸〈0.05%、硫苷21.5μmol/g（饼）、含油量42.15%;2007年通过四川省农作物品种审定委员会审定;2008-2009年参加全国（长江中游区）油菜区试,两年平均产量2507.7kg/hm2,比对照中油杂2号增产6.36%,平均芥酸含量为0、硫苷20.24μmol/g（饼）、含油量42.22%;2009年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

油菜浙油28的选育及应用

浙油28是浙江省农业科学院作物与核技术利用研究所采用聚合杂交选育的适合机械化生产的甘蓝型高含油量双低油菜新品种。2009年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定。在浙江省油菜区试中平均产量2 545.5 kg.hm^-2,比对照浙双72增产14.24%,产油量1 216.5 kg·hm^-2,增产25.39%;在长江中游区试中平均产量2 407.5 kg·hm^-2,比对照中油杂2号增产1.6%,产油量1 065.0 kg·hm^-2,增产6.7%。浙油28在浙江省区试中芥酸含量0.05%,硫苷含量20.94μmol·g^-1,含油量高达47.8%;在长江中游区试中芥酸含量0.2%,硫苷含量21.04μmol·g^-1,含油量44.26%。浙油28具有品质优良、抗病、抗倒、抗裂角、稳产性好、适应性广等优点,适合油菜全程机械化生产用种。     

湖北省2002年度审定的油菜新品种

1　油菜华油杂 6号 (H990 9)　华中农业大学选育的半冬性甘蓝型杂交油菜品种。品种审定编号为鄂审油 0 0 2 - 2 0 0 2。2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 2年度参加湖北省油菜品种区域试验 ,平均单产(每公顷产量 ,下同 ) 2 4 84 2kg ,比对照中油 82 1增产15 4 2 % ,两年均增产极显著。含油量     

强优势油菜品种农华油101在国家区试中的产量及含油率表现

为探讨油菜品种农华油101的产量和含油率的强优势特性,以农华油101区试资料为材料,对其高产量和高含油率的特性进行了统计分析,结果:农华油101在长江下游区试中,产量和产油量分别达204.42 kg/667m2和94.35 kg/667m2,分别比对照(秦优7号)增产16.75%和17.86%,增产极显著;其产量和产油量名列2003-2009年长江全流域所有参试及审定品种的第1位,充分表现品种的产量和含油量优势.品种芥酸含量0.45%,硫甙含量20.77 μmol/(g·饼),含油率46.15%.产量性状也表现出较高的水平.     

双低油菜新品种浙油601的选育

浙油601是浙江省农业科学院作物与核技术利用研究所选育的早熟、高产、双低、适合机械化生产的甘蓝型油菜新品种。2008年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定（审定编号：国审油2008028）。在长江中游区域试验中平均产油量1178.3kg/hm^2,比对照中油杂2号增产2.53%;生产试验平均产量2159.7kg/hm^2,比对照中油杂2号增产0.27%。浙油601芥酸含量0.1%,硫苷含量23.78μmol/g,含油量44.94%,属高含油量双低品种。目前已在湖南、湖北、江西等地大面积推广种植。     

双低杂交油菜新品种“沣油679”的选育

"沣油679"是湖南省作物研究所利用POL-CMS等材料经测交、回交和杂交转育选育的甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育三系杂交种,该品种具有丰产性好、品质优良、抗倒性强、适应性广等特征。两年全国(长江中游)区试平均产量181.76 kg/667m2,比对照中油杂2号增产6.32%;平均产油量76.73 kg/667m2,比对照增产7.42%,种子芥酸含量0.05%,硫苷含量17.32μmol/g,含油量42.16%。2013年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

技术

油菜新品种“中油杂8号”含油量高达45.31%从中国农科院油料作物研究所获悉:该所选育的优质杂交油菜新品种“中油杂8号”含油量高达45.31%,是目前我国长江中游区第一个含油量突破45%的优质油菜新品种,现已在湖北省大面积推广。“中油杂8号”是中国农科院油料作物研究所李云昌研     

Breeding of Zhongyouza 8, a Canola Variety with Large Seeds and High Oil Yield

High oil yield resulted from a combination of high grain yield and high oil content is a prerequisite for the high efficient oilseed rape production. By using irradiation induced mutation and sexual hybridization combined with paired test cross, the fertility, yield and oil content of the three lines of cytoplasmic male sterility have been improved and a new hybrid variety Zhongyouza 8 with high oil yield was developed. It has been testified that the yield of Zhongyouza 8 was significantly higher than that of the control variety Zhongyou 821 with 9.82 and 10.64% increase in the regional trials of Hubei Province and nationwide, respectively. The oil content and oil yield of Zhongyouza 8 were the highest among all the lines involved in Hubei provincial trials, being 42.77% and 1 051.05 kg ha^-1 which was raised by 3% and 161.25 kg ha^-1 compared to the control Zhongyou 821, respectively. The genetic basis for the strong heterosis, and the factors contributing to the yield and oil content increase of Zhongyouza 8 as well as the strategy for high oil yielding variety improvement through increasing seed size were also discussed in this paper.     

Molecular Assisted Breeding and Adaptability Analysis of Zhongyouza 11 with Super High Oil Content

Using a three-line system of Shaan 2A cytoplasmic male sterility, a hybrid variety rapeseed, Zhongyouza 11, was developed by the combination of traditional methods and a molecular marker-assisted breeding technique. This hybrid variety had high grain yield, high oil content, wide adaptability, and good quality. The oil content of Zhongyouza 11 is steadily above 43% in the three ecological regions along the Yangtze River valley, which is the largest winter oilseed production area in China. The highest oil content of Zhongyouza 11 reached 46.68% in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River valley in 2003-2004, which was the highest among all lines involved in the national regional rapeseed variety trials. In the regional yield trials in Hubei Province, the average yield of Zhongyouza 11 reached 2 853 kg ha-1 (2002-2004), yielding more than the control variety Zhongshuang 6 by 11.34%. In the national trials, the yield of Zhongyouza 11 reached 2 405.7, 2 697.3, and 2 770.2 kg ha-1 in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River valley, yielding more than the control varieties by 11.52, 12.9, and 14.92%, respectively, in 2003-2005. Both the high oil content and high grain yield contributed to the high oil yield of Zhongyouza 11. The oil yield of Zhongyouza 11 in the national trials reached 1083.3, 1210.2, and 1224.8 kg ha-1, yielding more than the controls by 29.42, 27.65, and 20.98%, respectively, in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River valley. The highest oil yield reached 1369.65 kg ha-1 in the middle reach of the Yangtze River valley(2003-2004), with an increase of 46.21% compared to the control. The experimental sites distributed widely along the Yangtze River valley, cover most of the Chinese winter rapeseed production areas. Among the 89 experimental location/years, the yield of Zhongyouza 11 surpassed the controls at 77 location/years in the trials, indicating its wide adaptability.Zhongyouza 11 was the only one that passed the national regional trials in all three regions along the Yangtze River valley simultaneously in 2005. It is also the first rapeseed variety that contained seed oil exceeding 46% and passed the national regional trials. This study shows that heterosis prediction by the means of estimation of genetic distance between parental lines using single sequence repeat (SSR) and sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers is an efficient way for the reduction of tedious field trials and the acceleration of breeding procedure.     

Breeding of Brassica napus Cultivar Zhongshuang9 with High-Resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Dynamics of Its Important Defense Enzyme Activity

Zhongshuang9, a new semi-winter Brassica napus variety with high resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorun and lodging, high-yield, double-low quality and extensive adaptability, was bred by multiple crossing and microspore culture technique. It was registered and released in China in 2002. In regional trial of Hubei Province in China, Zhongshuang9 yielded 2 482. 2 kg ha-1 averagely in 2000 - 2002, 15.33% higher than the control variety Zhongyou821. Erucic acid, glucosinolates and oil contents of Zhongshuang9 were 0.23%, 22.69 μmol g-1 (in meal) and 42%, respectively. In field assessment of resistance to S. Selerotiorum, the disease incidence and disease index of Zhongshuang9 averaged 13.31% and 6.47, respectively, which were lower than those of Zhongyou821 by 28% and 36%, respectively. After inoculation of detached leaves with mycelia, the lesion size of Zhongshuang9 was 4. 709 em2, which was significantly smaller than that of the mid-resistant variety Zhongyou821 (5. 933 em2 ). The stem lesion length of Zhongshuang9 after match-stick inoculation was 1. 275 cm, which was significantly lower than that of Zhongyou821 (1. 943 cm). The possible mechanism of resistance to S. sclerotiorum was studied through comparing the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), exo-chitinase, β-1, 3-glucanase, peroxidase (POD) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) in Zhongshuang9 with those in other resistant, mid-resistant and susceptible cultivars.     

甘蓝型油菜隐性上位互作核不育双低杂交种"皖油18"的选育

皖油18(原代号7C24)是利用隐性上位互作核不育育成的第3个强优势甘蓝型油菜杂交种,2002年通过全国品种审定.该组合一般较秦油2号(对照,双高杂交种)增产8%～10%左右,较中油821(对照,双高常规种)增产15%左右;抗寒抗倒耐肥,抗(耐)病性优于秦油2号和中油821,全生育期225 d左右,较秦油2号早3～4 d,较中油821迟1～2 d;1999～2000年度全国区试抽测皖油18含油量为43.04%,芥酸含量为4.92%,硫甙含量为28.54 μmol/g;皖油18丰产稳产性好,地区适应性广,株型合理,经济系数高,是一个综合性状突出的双低杂交种,适宜在长江中下游广大地区种植.     

甘蓝型杂交油菜华油杂9号的选育与应用

华油杂9号在长江下游区域试验与湖北省区域试验中,比对照中油821和中双6号分别增产24.57%和16.68%,均居首位.在近几年的生产中,表现具有产量高,品质优良,丰产、稳产性好,抗倒伏能力强、适应性广泛等特点;在长江流域的湖北、湖南、上海、浙江、江苏、安徽及淮河以南地区种植,大面积增产显著,是目前最具有推广潜力的油菜新品种.     

甘蓝型黄籽杂交油菜新品种渝黄1号的选育

渝黄1号是西南农业大学农学系油菜研究室采用化学杀雄配制的甘蓝型黄籽杂交油菜新品种,经重庆市多点区域试验、生产试验和长江流域各省、市、区示范,表现出综合性状好、产量高、出油率高、油清澈透明、抗（耐）病害、熟期适中等特征。重庆市区试两年平均产量1888.65kg/hm^2,比对照中油821增产20.97%,生产试验平均产量1836.75kg/hm^2,比对照中油821增产14.39%,生产示范最高产量达3214.50kg/hm^2。2001年5月通过重庆市农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

氮素对棉花氮素利用率和产量的影响

[目的]研究氮素对棉花氮素利用率、产量及产量构成的影响,为棉花生产施氮量的合理调控提供依据.[方法]在大田栽培条件下,分别在长江流域下游棉区(江苏南京)和黄河流域黄淮棉区(河南安阳)设置棉花氮素水平试验.[结果]棉株氮素利用率随初花后棉花生育进程的推进,呈现为不规则的S型曲线的变化趋势;氮素对棉花产量形成有一定的调控作用,氮素水平过低或过高均导致产量降低.[结论]安阳试点以360kg/ha的施氮量为最优,南京以240kg/ha最高;棉花单铃重、单株铃数是产量的主要决定因素.     

油菜新品种比较试验

为筛选适合广西种植的高产、高油、适应性强的油菜新品种,从国内引进11个甘蓝型杂交油菜新品种(组合)进行品种比较试验,试验结果表明,德油早一号的综合农艺性状较好,适合在广西冬季种植,可以在广西大力推广;而中油杂新组合、中油杂11、华油9558的产量较高,德油5号、中油杂2、中油杂11的含油量较高,需再进行下一步的试验观察。     

高产耐病双低油菜新品种“赣油17号”的选育

“赣油 1 7号”是以双低品系“83-64-1”(“马努 /甘油 5号”)为母本 ,“甘油 5号 /川油 8号”的选系“9A0 3”为父本 ,通过杂交选育而成的高产、优质、耐病的甘蓝型中偏早熟双低油菜新品种。江西省和长江中游区域试验结果均比对照“中油 82 1”增产 2 .1 %以上 ;硫甙含量为 2 1 .4μmol/g(饼 ) ,芥酸含量为 0 .44 % ,含油量达 39.94% ;成熟期比对照早熟 1～ 2d,适于稻稻油三熟和油菜花生及油菜棉花两熟种植。该品种于 2 0 0 0年 4月通过江西省农作物品种委员会审定。     

施肥对半干旱地区小麦产量、NO3——N累积和水分平衡的影响

 依据长武站长期田间试验（1984～2001年）的结果，分析了不同施肥措施条件下小麦产量、氮肥利用率、土壤水分的变化及其相互间的关系。结果表明，对照、有机肥（M）、氮肥（N）、氮磷肥（NP）、氮肥＋有机肥（NM）和氮磷肥＋有机肥（NPM）处理冬小麦的17年平均产量依次为1.5、2.6、2.0、3.3、3.4和4.0 t·ha-1；冬小麦地上部17年累计吸收的氮量依次为509.0、854.6、781.9、1 199.8、1 067.5和1 430.9 kg·ha-1；2001年0～300 cm土层NO3--N储量依次为52.2、113.1、1 064.8、254.5、535.4和512.1 kg·ha-1，N处理的NO3--N分布于0～300 cm土层，NP、NM、NPM处理的NO3--N主要分布于0～180 cm土层。收获期0～300 cm土层多年平均水分含量为CK＞N＞M＞NP＞NPM。播种期NP、NPM处理200～300 cm土层水分出现亏缺。施肥是黄土旱塬区土壤生产力提高、土壤深层水分亏缺和土壤NO3--N累积的驱动力。