猪链球菌2型江苏分离株溶血素的纯化

将猪链球菌2型(Streptococcus suis type2)江苏分离株HA9801接种于THB培养基中培养，得到含溶血素的培养液，其溶血价为128，再经50％饱和硫酸铵沉淀，脱盐，得到溶血素粗提物，溶血价为2048。粗提物用阴离子交换柱层析及凝胶过滤层析，所得活性峰收集液溶血价分别为4096、1024。通过以上三步的纯化，溶血素的比活提高200倍。纯化蛋白在SDS-PAGE中呈现一条带，达电泳级纯度。     

猪链球菌2型HA0609的分离及致病性研究

从江苏省某屠宰场猪的扁桃体中分离到1株细菌,通过培养特性、菌体形态、菌落形态、染色特性、生化试验以及荚膜多糖(cps)基因的PCR检测,确定为猪链球菌2型,命名为HA0609。本试验针对猪链球菌7种主要毒力因子——谷氨酸脱氢酶(gdh)、溶菌酶释放蛋白(mrp)、胞外因子(epf)、溶血素(sly)、纤连蛋白/血纤蛋白原结合蛋白(fpbs)、次黄嘌呤核苷酸脱氢酶(impdh)及毒力相关序列orf2,进行PCR检测。与已知强毒株比较,该菌株2种主要毒力因子sly和epf均为阴性。动物试验显示HA0609对猪、兔和Balb/c鼠均无致病性。     

Cultivation, LD(50) determination and experimental model of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 strain HA9801

The effects of nutritional components and submerged culture conditions on colony-forming unit (CFU) counts by Streptococcus suis serotype 2 strain HA9801 in flask culture was investigated, and the optimal medium and cultivation conditions was confirmed by using a 50 l bioreactor. The LD₅₀ values of HA9801 in pigs before and after fermentation were 1.8 × 10⁷ CFU, which indicated that the virulence of HA9801 was very stable in the fermentation process. In addition, an experimental model that closely mimics naturally occurring disease in conventional pigs was established.     

猪链球菌病灭活疫苗(2型,HA9801株)的研制(Ⅴ)——猪链球菌2型灭活疫苗临床使用效果

广东永顺生物制药有限公司研制生产的猪链球菌2型灭活疫苗, 2005-2008年在全国十多个地区使用,证明该疫苗安全性好,副作用小,免疫效果可靠,是防控由猪链球菌2型引起的猪链球菌病的有力武器,具有非常重要的意义.     

2种猪源链球菌菌体细胞表面疏水性及体外结合纤连蛋白的检测

采用盐析法测定了马链球菌兽疫亚种ATCC35246株（简称35246）和猪链球菌2型9801株（简称HA9801）的表面疏水性。35246在浓度为1．0mol／L的硫酸铵中2min内析出，HA9801在0．6mol／L的硫酸铵中析出。用不同浓度的人纤连蛋白（Fn）包被ELISA板，采用ELISA方法检测了对数生长后期的35246和HA9801体外结合固定Fn的情况。35246的D415随细菌浓度的升高而增大，而9801的D415与对照相比，经t检验差异不显著（P〉0．05）。采用间接免疫荧光试验，对二者体外结合游离的人Fn的情况进行了检测，结果在2种细菌周围均见绿色荧光。结果表明，二菌均为表面疏水菌；35246株既可结合固定的Fn，又可结合游离的Fn；而HA9801株仅与游离的Fn结合。     

猪链球菌2型三重PCR检测方法的建立

针对猪链球菌2型gdh、mrp及cps2J基因设计3对引物,建立了该菌的三重PCR方法。30μL反应体系中3组引物gdh1、gdh2,mrp1、mrp2及cps2J1c、ps2J2的最适浓度比为1∶1∶1.67。最佳反应条件为94℃3 min;94℃1 min,55℃40 s,72℃50 s,30个循环;72℃5 min。可扩增到目的基因gdh、mrp及cps2J的片段大小分别为689、532和457 bp;猪链球菌2型BHI培养物的检测下限为450 CFU;猪肉人工污染样品经4 h增菌,其检测下限仅为4 500 CFU。以上结果显示,该三重PCR方法可用于组织样品和纯培养物中猪链球菌2型的检测,具有快速、特异和简便的特点。     

四川猪2型链球菌病的PCR检测

2005年7月中下旬,四川贵阳等地人、猪陆续发生一种发病惠、死亡快、高度散发的疾病,从病死猪组织中分离出19株链球菌,设计合成3对引物,分别对分离菌株进行了猪链球菌16SrRNA、CPS2J、MRP基因片段扩增,有15株菌3个基因的扩增结果均为阳性,表明此次疲情的病原为猪2型链球菌。     

猪链球菌2型毒力相关蛋白

猪链球菌 (Streptococcus suis)是重要的猪病原菌 ,并能感染人 ,可致人和猪死亡。猪链球菌病多发于 3～ 12周龄断奶后的仔猪 ,几乎世界各国都有发生 ,对养猪业危害严重 ,同时事关公共卫生。目前已鉴定了 35种血清型的猪链球菌 ,其中最重要、最常见的是 2型 [1 ] 。我国于 1991年在广东省首次证实此菌的存在 ,1998年在江苏的人群和猪群中暴发由 2型所致的链球菌病 [2 ] ,其毒力因子的研究 ,尤其值得关注。1　毒力相关蛋白的发现　　基于传统观念 ,最初有人提出荚膜多糖决定猪链球菌 2型的侵袭力 [3 ,4] ,但后来的研究不能证实荚膜多糖是该菌…     

Production of virulence-related proteins by Canadian strains of Streptococcus suis capsular type 2.

The production of muramidase-released protein (MRP), extracellular protein factor (EF) and hemolysin (suilysin) by 101 Canadian field strains of Streptococcus suis capsular type 2 is described. Most strains (72%) isolated from diseased pigs were MRP-EF- and only 1 strain was MRP+EF+. This strain was also the only 1 to produce the hemolysin. Thirteen strains (15%) were MRP+ EF- and only 3 strains were MRP* EF-. All the strains isolated from clinically healthy pigs as well as a bovine and 2 human isolates had a MRP-EF- phenotype. In addition, 7 strains (8%) had a MRPS phenotype, which had so far been described for S. suis capsular type 1. In conclusion, most Canadian field isolates of S. suis capsular type 2 tested in this study do not produce the virulence-related proteins described so far for this bacterial pathogen.     

2型猪链球菌强毒株与无毒株胞外蛋白的双向电泳图谱比较分析

利用双向电泳技术可以对体外培养的2型猪链球菌强毒株和无毒株进行胞外蛋白质组比较,寻找与毒力相关的蛋白质.2型猪链球菌强毒株和无毒株在无蛋白细菌培养液中37℃摇床培养16 h,从培养物上清中获得胞外蛋白.第一向电泳用pH4-7线性IPG胶条进行等电聚焦,第二向电泳用SDS-PAGE凝胶再分离蛋白,经过考马斯亮蓝R350染色,图像扫描后,利用软件分析处理图像.在2型猪链球菌强毒株和无毒株的胞外蛋白质图谱中都分别检测出180±10个蛋白质斑点,它们的蛋白质分子质量分布基本相似;在所检测到的差异蛋白质斑点中,其中有50个蛋白斑点只存在于无毒株中而强毒株中不存在,有52个蛋白斑点只存在于强毒株中而无毒株中不存在,有7个蛋白斑点的表达量相差达5倍以上.这为研究2型猪链球菌的致病机理提供了蛋白质组学方面的信息.     

Adhesion activity of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in a Chinese Streptococcus suis type 2 strain

A total of 36 streptococcal strains, including seven S. equi ssp.zooepidemicus, two S. suis type 1 (SS1), 24 SS2, two SS9, and one SS7, were tested for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (gapdh). Except from non-virulent SS2 strain T1 5, all strains harboured gapdh.The gapdh of Chinese Sichuan SS2 isolate ZY05719 and Jiangsu SS2 isolate HA9801 were sequenced and then compared with published sequences in the GenBank.The comparison revealed a 99.9 % and 99.8 % similarity of ZY05719 and HA9801, respectively, with the published sequence. Adherence assay data demonstrated a significant ((p<0.05)) reduction in adhesion of SS2 in HEp-2 cells pre-incubated with purified GAPDH compared to non pre-incubated controls, suggesting the GAPDH mediates SS2 bacterial adhesion to host cells.     

猪链球菌2型致病机制的研究进展

猪链球菌2型(SS2)是重要的人畜共患病病原体,可引起脑膜炎、败血症等疾病。近年来许多研究者对致病因子和致病机制进行了大量的研究,SS2的致病因子主要包括荚膜多糖、溶菌酶释放蛋白、细胞外因子和溶血素等,其致病机制涉及黏附机制、侵袭机制及感染途径等。     

猪链球菌2型生物被膜的生物学特性研究

通过细胞培养板法研究了猪链球菌2型生物被膜的生物学特性。结果显示:大部分猪链球菌均具有不同程度形成生物被膜的能力,其中3株(3/15)形成能力较强;猪链球菌生物被膜的成熟约需60 h,培养基中葡萄糖浓度是影响生物被膜形成的重要因素;生物被膜中的多糖含量显著高于浮游菌;氨苄青霉素钠和阿莫西林对这3株猪链球菌生物被膜的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)均高于游离菌约2 500倍;扫描电镜观察发现,生物被膜内猪链球菌彼此黏连,形成致密的三维立体结构。对猪链球菌生物被膜生物学特性的研究为进一步揭示生物被膜的形成机制、耐药机理,以及清除生物被膜等提供理论依据。     

2型猪链球菌对四环素的耐药机制

采用微量稀释法测定36株2型猪链球菌对四环素的耐药性,应用PCR扩增四环素相关耐药基因tet（M）、tet（O）、tet（K）、tet（L）、tet（Q）、tet（S）、tet（T）和tet（W）,将扩增到的耐药基因克隆、测序,并进行序列分析。结果显示,36株2型猪链球菌对四环素的耐药率为100%,MIC90高于512mg/L;其中29株扩增出tet（M）基因,6株扩增出tet（O）基因,5株同时扩增到tet（M）、tet（L）基因,同时扩增到tet（M）、tet（L）基因的菌株MIC均高于512mg/L;同源性分析结果显示,扩增到的tet（M）基因与GenBank中已公布序列的同源性为95%～100%,tet（O）基因与GenBank中已公布序列的同源性为95%～99%。结果表明,我国大部分地区的2型猪链球菌对四环素均具有很强的耐药性,主要耐药机制是由tet（M）基因介导的核糖体保护作用。     

Studies of Streptococcus suis type 2 infection in pigs

Investigations into the immunology, pathogenesis and epidemiology of Streptococcus suis type 2 infections were carried out in experimental pigs and in naturally-occurring field outbreaks of disease. The capsular polysaccharide from Str. suis type 2 was shown to induce opsonic antibodies in pigs when injected with Freund's incomplete adjuvant, but difficulties encountered in experimental production of the disease prevented a study of their protective effects. Problems with the bactericidal tests led to an investigation of other assays for antibodies against Str. suis type 2, namely, a phagocytic test with pig neutrophils, a mixed reverse passive antiglobulin haemagglutination test and an indirect haemagglutination test. There was evidence that with modifications both the latter tests would be useful. Transmission studies in 39 conventionally-reared and 7 hysterectomy-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs yielded interesting results with regard to the distribution of the organism in relation to the disease process. Tonsil carriage in clinically-healthy pigs was demonstrated after experimental and natural infection. Detectable carrier rates varied between 0 and 59%. The organism was shown to persist in the presence of circulating opsonic antibodies and in pigs on penicillin-medicated feed. Attempts to isolate the organism from the genital tract were unsuccessful. Medicated early weaning and classical SPF techniques applied to infected herds appeared to be effective in producing pigs free from Str. suis type 2 infection.     

Factors affecting the survival of Streptococcus suis type 2

The survival of Streptococcus suis type 2 was assessed in experimentally inoculated faeces and dust stored at 0, 9 and 22 to 25 degrees C. The organism survived in faeces for 104 days at 0 degrees C, up to 10 days at 9 degrees C and up to eight days at 22 to 25 degrees C. It survived in dust for up to 54 days at 0 degrees C and up to 25 days at 9 degrees C but could not be isolated from dust stored at room temperature for 24 hours. The organism survived at 4 degrees C in nutrient medium for up to nine months but in distilled water for only one to two weeks. At 50 degrees C it survived in water or broth for up to two hours but at 60 degrees C it only survived for 10 minutes. The organism was rapidly inactivated by disinfectants and cleansers, commonly used on farms and in laboratories, at concentrations less than those recommended for use by the manufacturers.     

The detection of pigs carrying Streptococcus suis type 2

An indirect fluorescent antibody test (I.F.A.T.) was performed on tonsillar swabs collected at slaughter and on nasal swabs from electrically stunned pigs prior to exsanguination. The identification of carriers of Streptococcus suis type 2 using the I.F.A.T. was compared with bacteriological isolation. If it is assumed that 100% of pigs were carrying the bacterium, 76% of 89 carriers were detected when the I.F.A.T. was performed on the bacterial growth from blood agar cultures of tonsillar swabs, compared with only 15% detected using cultural techniques. Similarly, I.F.A.T. on nasal swabs increased the sensitivity of the detection of carriers. Nasal swabbing, although of lower sensitivity than tonsillar swabbing, allows for the detection of S. suis type 2 carriers in the live animal.     

猪链球菌2型分离株对野生斑马鱼的致病性

以野生斑马鱼为模式动物,对6株mrp＋epf＋sly＋猪链球菌2型（SS2）分离株进行致病性比较。斑马鱼经腹腔接种不同稀释度的SS2分离株,连续观察5d,Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析并统计半数致死量（LD50）。结果显示,6个分离株对斑马鱼的LD50在10^5cfu-10^6cfu之间,临床株与非临床株的毒力差异不显著（P〉0.05）。从攻毒后死亡的鱼腹腔和脑可分离到SS2,并伴有腹腔出血及肝、肠、脑部炎性病变。表明SS2可感染斑马鱼,为进一步研究SS2的体内感染机制及毒力因子功能等奠定了基础。