不同土壤改良措施对葡萄根系生长和结果的影响

在日光温室栽培条件下,为了提高土壤肥力和栽植葡萄的品质和产量,采用开沟、钻孔和深翻对土壤进行改良.结果表明:开沟、钻孔、深翻和增施有机肥后均提高了土壤肥力,葡萄根系数量、果实品质和产量.其中钻孔改良的土壤肥力、根系数量、果实品质、产量、成本和效率的综合效果最佳,葡萄单粒质量、穗质量、可溶性固形物含量、Vc含量和折合产量...     

茶树的设施栽培技术及其效应

介绍茶树设施栽培技术,包括园地和品种选择及定植、大棚和小拱棚的建立与养护、覆膜和撤膜、追肥、棚内温湿调节、修剪、病虫害防治和采收等。与露地茶园比较,大棚茶树生长和茶叶采摘期明显提前、茶叶品质和经济效益均显著提高。     

我国蓝莓产业发展报告

从我国蓝莓产业的发展历史、现状(包括栽培面积和产量、产区及产品优势、种类和品种、品牌和市场、生产模式)、存在问题、面临的挑战和未来发展趋势8个方面做了比较全面的阐述和分析,以期为从事蓝莓种植的农民和企业提供全面的资料和信息,促进蓝莓产业的健康发展。     

套餐肥对'寒富'苹果产量和品质影响的研究

以'寒富'为试材,研究了套餐肥和常规施肥对苹果树体生长发育、果实产量和品质的影响。结果表明:与常规施肥相比,套餐肥处理的土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有效钙和有效镁的含量分别提高了12.2%、8.0%、11.4%、14.8%、14.9%和31.5%。与常规施肥相比,施用套餐肥的'寒富'树体高度和干径分别增加了7.3%和5.8%;新梢长度和单株新梢数量分别提高了8.3%和20.4%;叶面积、比叶鲜重和干重及叶绿素含量增幅分别为2.9%、7.1%、1.9%和3.4%;苹果叶片的N、P、K和Ca含量分别增加了9.3%、23.0%、55.6%和60.9%;果实着色指数、花青苷含量、维生素C含量、果肉硬度和可溶性固形物含量分别增加了7.1%、10.2%、5.7%、4.3%和9.3%;花序数量增加了14.1%;'寒富'产量显著提高,平均每667 m~2产量增加300.6 kg。     

大树移植及栽后管理技术

结合夏县园林绿化实践,总结大树移植技术,主要包括移植时间选择、立地条件调查、截干和修枝、移植大树地挖掘、包襄和捆绑、挖树穴、大树装运、定植和支架固定、栽后管理、遮荫和防冻等措施.     

棉籽壳栽培大白口蘑和杏鲍菇的营养分析和比较

分析了大白口蘑和杏鲍菇干品中的氨基酸、常规营养成分、微量元素和维生素含量。结果表明，大白口蘑和杏鲍菇氨基酸总量分别为18．67g／100g和12．72g／100g。其中，必须氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸（谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸）和甜味氨基酸（丝氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸）分别占氨基酸总量的45，47％、21．06％、16，77％和43．24％、24．84％、16．27％。大白口蘑和杏鲍菇的蛋白质、脂肪、总糖和粗纤维含量分别为35．28％、2．91％、53．74％、8．76％和15．4％、0．55％、52．1％、5．4％。铁、钙、锌和硒含量在大白口蘑和杏鲍菇中分别为33．21mg／100g、49．34mg／100g、37．08mg／100g、0．05mg／100g和2．9mg／100g、14，2mg／100g、38，01mg／100g、0．023mg／100g。VC、VB1和VB2含量在大白口蘑和杏鲍菇中分别为24，5mg／100g、0．248mg／100g、2．12mg／100g和25．3mg／100g、0．193mg／100g、1．43mg／100g。由此可知，大白口蘑和杏鲍菇是两种营养价值较高的食用菌。从对食品高蛋白含量要求的角度分析，大白口蘑的营养价值优于杏鲍菇。     

贵州几种常见野菜营养成分分析

以常规方法对毕节常见野菜(刺儿菜、野葱、香椿、小茴香、苣卖菜、牛皮菜、香菜、木耳菜、苦菜)的营养成分进行测定和比较分析.结果表明:在所测定的野菜中,苦菜的纤维、脂肪、维生素E、锰和铁的含量丰富;刺儿菜含有丰富的蛋白质、维生素A、胡萝卜素、钙和钾;苣卖菜含有丰富的维生素A、胡萝卜素、锰、镁、钾和铜;野葱含有丰富的维生素C、钙和钾;牛皮菜含有丰富的锌、钾和钠;而小茴香的钠含量最高;香椿的锌和磷含量最高;木耳菜的镁含量最高.     

遮荫条件下栽培模式对草莓品质和产量的影响

在葡萄行间遮荫条件下,为了提高间作物草莓的品质和产量,分别采用盆栽、袋栽和槽栽模式栽植草莓,研究不同栽培模式对草莓植株生长、果实品质和产量的影响。结果表明,袋栽的植株生长量、果实品质和产量最高,其全株生物量、单叶面积、百叶鲜重、单粒重、商品果率、着色率、可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量和小区产量分别为18.54 g、2.62 cm2、62.08 g、35.82 g、88.36%、92.40%、13.18%、28.01mg/100 g和10.97 kg/16 m2,依次较对照提高31.77%、30.35%、30.61%、16.53%、12.53%、15.26%、2.98%、10.27%和34.93%,可滴定酸含量为0.51%,较对照降低0.11%。     

不同培养树形对无花果生长和结果的影响

在日光温室栽培条件下,为了提高无花果的品质和产量,研究了不同培养树形一主枝水平形、二主枝开心形、三主枝开心形、一主枝直立形和自然生长形对枝条生长量、果实品质、产量和管理方便程度的影响。结果表明:不同培养树形中,二主枝开心形的品质、产量和管理方便程度的综合效果最佳,单果质量、可溶性固形物含量、Vc含量和单株产量分别为50.03 g、15.02%、138.07μg/g和1 213.72 g,较对照(CK)自然生长形分别提高了25.08%、15.18%、36.93%和20.11%,差异均达到显著水平(P<0.05),且树高降低,方便喷药和采摘,在设施无花果栽培中有一定的应用前景。     

澳大利亚主要落叶果树的生产现状和栽培特点

介绍澳大利亚苹果、梨、葡萄、桃、李、杏、甜樱桃、柿、猕猴桃和越橘等主要落叶果树的生产现状及品种和砧木的选择、集约化生产和标准化管理、机械化作业的栽培模式和果品产后的处理等栽培特点。     

大白菜永久高密度分子遗传图谱的构建

 以大白菜高抗TuMV白心株系91-112和高感TuMV桔红心株系T12-19为亲本建立的小孢子培养DH系作为图谱构建群体, 构建了包含10 个连锁群、406 个标记位点的分子连锁图谱, 图谱总长度826.3 cM, 标记间的平均图距为2.0 cM, 连锁群数目和染色体数相等。每个连锁群上的标记数在7～111个之间, 连锁群的长度在26.4～156.1 cM的范围内, 平均图距在1.0～3.8 cM之间。该连锁图谱包括246个AFLP标记、135个RAPD标记、11个SSR标记和12个同工酶标记、1个SCAR标记和1个形态标记。     

Comparative analysis of genetic diversity in Citrus germplasm collection using AFLP,SSAP, SAMPL and SSR markers

In this study we evaluate the informativeness and efficiency of Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP), Sequence-Specific Amplified Polymorphism (S-SAP), Selectively Amplified Microsatellite Polymorphic Loci (SAMPL) and Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers for genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationship among the Citrus species and mapping ability of the marker system. The SSR exhibited relatively higher level of polymorphism information content in terms of the expected heterozygosity, than that of the AFLPs, SSAPs and SAMPLs. For each marker system, average level of the discriminating potential was very close to the actual discriminating potential. Similarity matrices showed weak, yet significant correlations when Mantel's test was applied. The highest positive (0.72) correlation was found between the AFLP and SSAP markers. The SSR and SAMPL markers were poorly correlated. The dendrogram topology among the four marker systems had high similarity. Taken together, the SSAP and SAMPL were highly efficient in detecting genetic similarity in Citrus, while the SSR may be more useful for segregation studies and genome mapping in Citrus. The SSAP and SAMPL markers could be useful for Citrus genome mapping in combination with AFLP and SSR markers. To our knowledge, this was the first detail report of a comparison of performances among AFLP, SSR and retrotrasposon based molecular marker technique on a set of samples of Citrus. Our result provides guidance for future efficient use of these molecular methods in genetic analysis of Citrus sp. and its relatives.     

Application of five DNA marker techniques to distinguish between five apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) cultivars and their sports

Summary

Genetic variation between five apple cultivars (‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Gala’, ‘Jonagold’, ‘?ampion’, and ‘Idared’) and ten of their sports (‘Golden Delicious Reinders’, ‘Goldrosio’, ‘Gala Must’, ‘Gala Schniga Schnitzer’, ‘Jonagored’, ‘Jonagold Excel’, ‘Szampion Arno’, ‘Szampion Reno Malinowy’, ‘Idaredest’, and ‘Red Idared’) was investigated using five types of DNA markers: Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR), Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP), Sequence-Specific Amplified Polymorphism (S-SAP), and Inter-Primer Binding Site (iPBS) amplification. In total, 941 polymorphic amplified fragments were obtained using 12 ISSR, 12 SSR, ten AFLP, 19 iPBS, and 15 S-SAP primers or primer pairs. Four of the above-described techniques (except for SSRs with the primer pairs used in this study) were able to distinguish between the sports and their parental cultivar. The most effective technique to distinguish between the genotypes analysed was S-SAP, which detects variations in DNA regions flanking retrotransposon insertion sites.The combined use of ISSR,AFLP, iPBS, and S-SAP markers identified and distinguished all of the sports tested.     

应用RAPD、SRAP及AFLP标记构建荔枝高密度复合遗传图谱

以荔枝（Litchi chinensis Sonn.）特迟熟品种‘马贵荔’为母本,特早熟品种‘焦核三月红’为父本,杂交获得F1群体,利用该群体的76个单株为作图群体,连同两个亲本,进行了RAPD、SRAP和AFLP分子标记分析,并运用Joinmap3.0进行连锁分析,分别构建了‘马贵荔’和‘焦核三月红’的分子遗传图谱,其中‘马贵荔’的遗传图谱为20个连锁群,包含238个标记位点,覆盖总图距1 096.59 cM,位点间平均遗传距离为4.61 cM;焦核三月红的遗传图谱为19个连锁群,包含239个标记位点,覆盖总图距881.36 cM,位点间平均遗传距离为3.69 cM。     

一个用于甘蓝显性雄性不育基因转育辅助选择的SCAR标记

一个与甘蓝显性雄性不育基因连锁的ＲＡＰＤ标记ＯＴＩＩ９００被转化为显性的ＳＣＡＲ（Ｓequence Characterized Amplified Region) 标记STII900,它可用于甘薯显性雄性不育基因转育辅助选择。     

梨矮化基因pcDw的一个SCAR标记

以'矮化梨'(Pyrus communis L.)与 '茌梨'(Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.)的杂交后代共111个单株为试材,采用分离群体分组分析法（Bulked Segregate Analysis, BSA）,通过对412个随机引物的筛选,获得了一个与控制梨树矮化性状基因pcDw连锁距离为8.3 cM、长度为940 bp的RAPD标记S_1172-940, 并将其转换成了SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) 标记,即SCAR_-940。这一研究结果,为该矮化性状的标记辅助选择提供了有效工具。     

山葡萄性别相关AFLP分子标记的筛选及SCAR标记的转化

 山葡萄是一种重要的抗寒、抗病葡萄种质资源。通过AFLP分子标记方法,应用64对引物组合EcoR I-NNN/Mse I-NNN对山葡萄雌花、雄花和完全花植株基因池进行筛选,引物E-AGC/M-CTG在雄花和完全花植株基因池DNA中扩增出一条分子量为283 bp的特异性条带;经组池个体和其它品系验证,该特异性条带能在雄株和完全植株中稳定出现。将该特异性条带回收、克隆、测序,设计SCAR标记引物,对已知性别的85份山葡萄种质进行盲测,准确率达到97.6％,表明标记转化成功。由于该SCAR标记在绝大多数山葡萄栽培品种和有育种价值的种质资源中得到验证,可利用该SCAR标记对山葡萄杂交后代在苗期进行性别鉴定,提高育种效率。     

Inheritance Patterns of a Strain-specific Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) Marker for Lentinula edodes Strain 135

PCR amplification employing a SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) primer pair, 135F/R,(amplifying a band of 601 bp) for identifying '135' strains of Lentinula dodes was used to establish the distribution of the specific SCAR marker among 58 protoplast monokaryons and 97 spore monokaryons isolated from a L.edodes 135 strain.Protoplast monok.aryons segregated into either A1B1 or A2B2 mating type,and the SCAR marker was detected only in the latter.The marker was also detected in four delineated m...     

Molecular characterization of Phaseolus vulgaris L. genotypes included in Bulgarian collection by ISSR and AFLP™ analyses

Seventy-eight (33 Bulgarian and 45 foreign) common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes included in Bulgarian collection were screened for ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) and AFLP™ (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) markers. ISSR analysis was performed with 13 primers, and 55 (36.7 %) out of the 150 bands observed were polymorphic. One hundred and sixty-four AFLP™ fragments were obtained with three primer combinations, of which 54 (32.9%) were polymorphic. UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method Arithmetic Averages) analysis was performed using DICE coefficient and dendrograms were constructed using either the data from each method (ISSR and AFLP™) separately or combined in a single joint matrix. Despite some genetic heterogeneity observed in both pools (Middle American origin: M and Andean origin: A) the genotypes were separated in to main groups: one gathering genotypes mainly from pool M and the other more genotypes from pool A. Moreover, Bulgarian genotypes were spread over the two groups suggesting that they are not subject to genetic erosion and that the Phaseolus genetic diversity is conserved.     

基于SRAP标记的百合部分种及品种遗传结构分析

 筛选了15对SRAP（Sequence-related Amplified Polymorphism）标记引物,对80个百合种及品种组成的样本进行标记,以所获的144个多态性位点和杂交试验获得的胚数,采用Pritchard分类方法对80个样本进行遗传结构分群分析。将试验样本划分为4个群,群体S1以亚洲百合杂种系的品种及原生种为主,群体S2以铁炮百合系的品种为主,群体S3以东方百合系的品种及原生种为主,群体S4则以OT杂交品种及原生种（S4）为主组成群,分群结果与传统百合杂种系的分类有一定的一致性;以S3群内部分样本杂交获得的胚数量作为亲和性指标与双亲群组分差异相关分析显示：群内双亲群组分差异绝对值与杂交获得胚的数量呈显著相关,表明分群及其组分能够比传统分类更好地体现出各样本间的主成分组成和遗传关系。据此,在百合杂交育种中可将分群以及组分作为亲本选配参考。