晚稻软盘旱育抛秧技术初探

<正> 晚稻采用软盘旱育抛秧技术,不仅能有效地抢住农时季节,减轻劳动强度;而且还大大地节约了专用秧田。该技术的推广应用,将有利于扩大早稻栽插面积,增加产量,是一种一举多得的增产增收措施。但是,由于晚稻既受早稻成熟期的限制;又受抽穗期“寒露风”来得早的约束。搞好晚稻软盘旱育抛秧技术,在秧盘和品种搭配、肥、水管理等多方面必须严     

晚稻湿播旱育中大苗抛秧高产栽培技术

福安市自1992年引进水稻抛秧技术以来,经过几年的试验示范,初步摸索出晚稻湿播旱育中大苗抛秧高产栽培技术,其内容发挥抛秧各生育阶段生育优势和增产潜力,根据抛秧的生育优势和增产潜力,认真落实栽培技术措施;坚持稳定穗数的基础上,主攻穗重,达到高成穗率,高实粒数.     

晚稻旱育抛秧高产栽培技术(上)

晚稻旱育抛秧高产栽培技术是减轻劳动强度、提高工作效率、增加稻谷产量、促进农民增收的新型农业技术。近年来,我县进行了大面积的推广与应用。现将其主要技术介绍如下:1.软盘及营养土准备每667平方米大田准备:400孔软盘80块或353孔软盘90块;优质过筛菜园土或塘泥100公斤～150     

水稻旱育抛秧栽培技术要点

<正> 一、软盘旱育抛秧 1.播前准备 ①选购秧盘。目前省内外生产的水稻育秧软盘主要有434孔和561孔等多种规格。一般双季早稻育小、中苗(3.5—4.5叶),宜选择561孔的秧盘;中稻育中、大苗(5.0～6.5叶),选择434孔的软盘。 ②选做苗床。选择背风向阳、地势平坦、靠近水源的旱地或菜园地作苗床。放盘前干耕干耙作畦,认真整平整实,畦宽1.2—1.4米,操作行30—40厘米。地下害虫多的每平方米用4克呋喃丹拌毒土防治。     

双季晚稻旱育软盘抛秧示范效果与相关技术的研究

从产量与产量因子表现，论述了双季晚稻旱育软盘抛秧示范效果。并报道了提高成苗率和秧苗素质、控制苗高、烤田期和氮肥施用期的试验结果。     

不同播期及秧龄对机械栽插晚稻产量形成的影响

采用大田试验,设计15 d(Y1)和20 d (Y2)2个秧龄以及6月25日(播期一,B1)、6月30日(播期二,B2)、7月5日(播期三,B3)3个播期处理,以探讨机械插秧下秧龄和播期对晚稻产量的影响.结果表明:播期二和播期一的产量间无显著差异,但分别高于播期三产量8.7％、3.5％,随着播期延后,播期三各产量构成因子除千粒重外,呈下降趋势.H优518最高产量相比最低产量降低速度显著高于鄂粳403,分别达45.0％、13.5％,花后干物质积累H优518也显著大于鄂粳403.综合分析可知,晚籼稻比晚粳稻对低温反应更敏感,前者高产需提早播种,推迟播期不利于结实灌浆,后者高产也需在较早播种基础上保证足够苗数,两者秧龄都不宜超过20 d.播期和秧龄可能导致生理上的变化,还需要进一步研究.     

A simple comparison on effects of rice transplanting with machine and manual methods

为了进一步证实水稻采用机械插秧的效果,2011年浦城县进行了中稻水稻机插与手工插秧简比试验。结果表明：水稻机插比传统手插具有省工、省本、显著增产增效的优点,可以在全县扩大推广。     

红枣组培苗优化配套移栽技术的研究

通过系统研究提出了红枣组培苗移栽的优化配套技术 :培养优质试管生根苗 ;温室自然光过渡法炼苗 ;移栽地土壤、覆盖沙和试管苗根部消毒 ;沙土分层移栽 ;扣小棚保湿 (85 %～ 95 % )保温 (18～ 35℃ ) ;移栽初期适度遮阳 ;幼苗生出 4～ 5片新叶后逐步揭小棚 ;移栽后加强病虫害防治及水肥管理。采用该配套移栽技术使组培枣苗的平均移栽成活率 3～ 10月份达 94.3% (92 .8%～ 95 .8% ,95 %置信度 ) ,6～ 7月份达 98% (96 .1%～99.9% )     

No-tillage effects on grain yield and nitrogen requirements in hybrid rice transplanted with single seedlings: Results of a long-term experiment

This study was conducted to determine whether, and if so how, the grain yield and nitrogen (N) requirements of hybrid rice transplanted as single seedlings are affected by no-tillage (NT) practices. A fixed field experiment was done at the Experimental Farm of Hunan Agricultural University in Changsha, Hunan Province, China, from 2004 to 2014. Grain yield and yield attributes (panicle number per m², spikelet number per panicle, spikelet filling percentage, grain weight, total biomass, and harvest index) were evaluated as well as the N-use characteristics (total N uptake, internal N-use efficiency, and N requirements) of hybrid rice transplanted as single seedlings comparing NT with conventional tillage (CT). A significant finding was that there were no significant differences in grain yield, yield attributes, and N-use characteristics between CT and NT. Averaged across the 11 years, grain yield and N requirements were 9.51 t ha^–1 and 20.2 kg t^–1 under CT and 9.33 t ha^–1 and 20.0 kg t^–1 under NT, respectively. There were significant yearly variations in grain yield, yield attributes, and N-use characteristics observed under both CT and NT. The yearly variation in grain yield was related to simultaneous changes in spikelet number per panicle, grain weight, total biomass, and harvest index. Also, it was found that grain yield was positively correlated with internal N-use efficiency but negatively correlated with N requirements. It is concluded that grain yield and N requirements in hybrid rice when transplanted as single seedlings are not affected adversely by NT. The results of this study suggest that (1) compatible relationships among yield attributes can be established in hybrid rice that is transplanted as single seedlings, and (2) higher grain yield and higher N-use efficiency can be concurrently achieved in hybrid rice transplanted as single seedlings.     

减氮对华南早晚兼用型水稻产量、品质及氮吸收利用的影响

【目的】分析常规施磷钾条件下减氮对不同华南早晚兼用型水稻品种产量、品质及氮吸收利用的影响,为水稻精确减量施肥及氮高效利用提供参考。【方法】在大田常规施磷钾条件下,研究了3个不同水平氮肥处理（常规施氮肥（纯氮187.5 kg/hm²）、减氮28%（纯氮135.0 kg/hm²）和不施氮肥（纯氮0 kg/hm²））对不同基因型水稻（“粤晶丝苗2号”、“桂香占”和“天优998”）产量、品质及氮素吸收利用的影响。【结果】与常规施氮相比,减氮条件下“粤晶丝苗2号”和“桂香占”的每穗总粒数、结实率和千粒质量增加但有效穗数减少,对“天优998”产量构成因子无显著影响。减氮28%处理对水稻的碾磨品质和蒸煮品质无显著影响,提高了“天优998”的外观品质。减氮28%处理有利于提高“粤晶丝苗2号”和“桂香占”灌浆期剑叶蔗糖磷酸合成酶和蔗糖合成酶活性,对氮吸收影响不显著,但一定程度上利于提高氮素利用效率。【结论】适度减氮有利于华南早晚兼用型水稻增产、稳产及保持或改善稻米品质。