鸡新城疫V_4克隆株弱毒疫苗在我县应用效果

鸡新城疫Ｖ４克隆株弱毒疫苗在我县应用效果沈建业吴启李学文（天津市武清县畜牧水产局，天津３０１７００武清县畜牧水产局于１９９４年在县科委的支持下，引进中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所研制的鸡新城疫Ｖ４克隆株弱毒疫苗（ＮＤＶ４－Ｃ苗），经在大孟庄、河西务等...     

鸡新城疫V4弱毒疫苗免疫效果观察

选用Ｖ４弱毒疫苗免疫ＳＰＦ来航鸡，结果表明：接种该苗，１０天即产生免疫ＨＩ效价均值为５．０ｌｏｇ２，免疫后２０天达到免疫高峰ＨＩ效价均值为５．６ｌｏｇ２，免疫持续期为３４０天，此时，ＨＩ效价均值为５．０ｌｏｇ２。Ｖ４弱毒疫苗稍优于ｃｌｏｎ３－３０弱毒疫苗，但两者差异不显著。     

豚鼠对猪细小病毒弱毒苗抗体反应的研究(摘要)

用不同批次、不同剂量、不同保存时间的猪细小病毒Ｎ株弱毒苗接种豚鼠 ,观察豚鼠对ＰＰＶＮ株弱毒苗的抗体反应。其结果如下 :用 4种不同剂量的ＰＰＶＮ株弱毒苗免疫豚鼠 ,免疫后 14天均产生抗体反应 ,ＰＰＶＨＩ价分别为 :0 1ｍｌ剂量为 1:16～ 1:6 4;0 2ｍｌ为1:8～ 1:32 ;0 5ｍｌ为 1:16～ 1:32 ;1 0ｍｌ为 1:16～ 1:6 4,而对照豚鼠抗体反应为阴性 ,可见仅需 0 1ｍｌＰＰＶＮ株弱毒苗便可引起豚鼠产生抗体反应。同时比较了不同批次的ＰＰＶＮ株弱毒苗接种豚鼠产生抗体反应的情况 ;3批ＰＰＶＮ株弱毒苗接种豚鼠后 14天全部出现抗体反…     

猪细小病毒（PPV）S—1株弱毒疫苗接种豚鼠的抗体反应

三批ＰＰＶＳ－１弱毒苗接种豚鼠２０只，接种后一周开始产生抗体反应，第五周全部出现抗体反应，ＨＩ抗体持续时间至少１０个月，弱毒苗分Ａ、Ｂ两组接种ＨＩ阴性豚鼠共８只，接种ＨＩ阴性猪共４只，猪在免疫后一周ＨＩ全部阳性，一个月平均ＨＩ价１０２４；豚鼠免疫后四周全部阳性，３５天平均ＨＩ价３９５，豚鼠与猪阳性率相符，弱毒苗在４℃保存１１个月，－２０℃１４个月后接种豚鼠，全部产生抗体反应。     

猪细小病毒N株弱毒苗的免疫效果观察

经调查，广西猪群普遍存在猪细小病毒感染［１］。为了有效防制该病，本研究室已研制出能预防猪细小病毒感染的弱毒疫苗（简称ＰＰＶ－Ｎ株弱毒苗）。该弱毒苗用于预防猪细小病毒引起的繁殖失败，具有良好的免疫原性和安全性［２］。我们用四批ＰＰＶ－Ｎ株弱毒苗对广西多个流行该病的猪场的后备母猪进行免疫，取得了良好的效果，现将结果报告如下。１　材料和方法１．１　ＰＰＶ－Ｎ株弱毒苗本实验室研制，种毒按蒋玉雯等［２］的方法进行培养。１．２　试验动物５００克左右健康青年豚鼠，并经ＰＰＶ－ＨＩ检测为阴性。１．３　猪细小病毒…     

牦牛病毒性腹泻／粘膜病防制中间试验

从１９９１￣１９９３年，应用牛病毒性腹泻／粘膜病（ＢＶＤ／ＭＤ）Ｏ系弱毒冻干苗６０万头份对我省青南地区玉树、称多、泽库三个ＢＶＤ／ＭＤ发病严重的县进行了大面积的预防注射，调者被注射牛７６７９７头；同时在该地区应用猪瘟弱毒苗预防注射牛２０万头份，调查被注射牛４８０００头。试验结果：应用ＢＶＤ／ＭＤ Ｏ系弱毒冻干苗使牦牛ＢＶＤ／ＭＤ死亡率由６．６１％降至０．２４％，应用猪瘟弱毒苗亦对该病有较好的防制效     

鸡毒支原体活苗的保存期测定

将鸡毒支原体弱毒冻干疫苗和湿苗分别在不同温度下保存，然后分别在不同时间内测定其活菌数和鸡体免疫效力。活菌数测定结果表明：鸡毒支原体冻干疫苗在－２５℃的条件下保存１１．５个月，活菌数保持不变；在－１５℃保存９．５个月，活菌数下降一个滴度；在４℃－１０℃条件下保存８．５个月，活菌数不变。湿苗（培养物）的室温２４℃保存４ｄ，活苗数不变，保存５ｄ活菌数下降两个滴度；在３２℃保存４８ｈ活菌数不变，保存８０ｈ下降４个滴度；在４℃－７℃条件下保存３ｄ活菌数不变，保存４－９ｄ下降一个滴度；湿苗在－２５℃保存１个…     

鸡毒支原体活疫苗的保存期测定

将鸡毒支原体弱毒冻干疫苗和湿苗分别在不同温度下保存,然后分别在不同时间内测定其活菌数和鸡体内免疫效力测定。活菌数测定结果表明：鸡毒支原体冻干疫苗在－２５℃的条件下保存１１．５个月,活菌数维持不变;在－１５℃保存９．５个月,活菌数下降一个滴度;在４℃～１０℃条件下保存８．５个月,活菌数不变。湿苗（培养物）的室温２４℃保存４ｄ,活苗数不变,保存５ｄ活菌数下降两个滴度;在３２℃保存４８ｈ活菌数不变,保存     

新城疫病毒在不同的细胞上增殖特性的研究

研究新城疫病毒（Ｎｅｗｓｃａｓｔｌｅ ｄｉｓｅａｓｅ Ｖｉｒｕｓ,ＮＤＶ）可,弱毒株在不同的传代细胞的生物学特性。Ｆ４８Ｅ８强毒株在ＢＨＫ、Ｖｅｒｏ和ＣＥＦ中都能增殖并产生细胞病变,而Ｖ４生弱毒株不能在ＢＨＫ和Ｖｅｒｏ中增殖,当ＭＥＭ含１０ｕｇ／ｍＬ胰蛋白酶时,ＮＤＶ弱毒株在Ｖｅｒｏ中能较好地复制,将Ｖ４株在Ｖｅｒｏ中传代培养后,Ｖｅｒｏ中传代的Ｖ４毒株的ＨＡ较低,但毒力增强,ＢＨＫ中传代的Ｖ４毒     

新城疫与传染性法氏囊病疫苗对雏鸡联合免疫的研究

将１１４只１１日龄海赛克斯褐公鸡随机分成５组：Ⅰ组为空白对照，Ⅱ组用新城疫（ＮＤ）弱毒苗和ＮＤ油佐剂灭活苗同时免疫，Ⅲ组用传染性法氏囊病（ＩＢＤ）地方毒株油佐剂灭活苗免疫，Ⅳ组用ＮＤ弱毒苗、ＮＤ油佐剂灭活苗、ＩＢＤ地方毒株油佐剂灭活苗同时免疫，Ⅴ组在Ⅳ组的基础上增加ＩＢＤ弱毒苗免疫。５组鸡分别隔离饲养，定期测定血清ＮＤＨＩ效价与ＩＢＤ琼扩效价。选择时机用强毒攻击，观察各组鸡的保护情况。结果：（１）Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组鸡均能很好地抵抗ＮＤＶ强毒的攻击，Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组鸡无论对ＩＢＤＶ人工感染，还是自然感染，均有坚强的保护力；（２）ＩＢＤ地方毒株油佐剂灭活疫苗不干扰ＮＤ疫苗的免疫应答；（３）ＩＢＤ弱毒苗对ＮＤ疫苗的免疫应答有一定影响，在免疫初期能促进机体尽快对ＮＤ疫苗产生应答，但后期ＮＤ疫苗的ＨＩ抗体降低较快；（４）ＮＤ疫苗对ＩＢＤ疫苗的免疫效果无显著影响。作者提出，对雏鸡首免（无论有、无母源抗体）可采用ＮＤ弱毒苗＋ＮＤ油佐剂灭活苗＋ＩＢＤ（地方毒株）油佐剂灭活苗同时进行免疫，至少可以保护到上笼后或开产前免受ＮＤＶ和ＩＢＤＶ的感染，既简化了免疫程序，又可减少对鸡群的应激，值得推广应用。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.