杂种落叶松优良家系选择研究

以8年生杂种落叶松21个处理为对象,对生长性状进行变异分析的结果显示:树高、胸径家系内存在较丰富的变异。其中,树高变异较大的前4个家系为日3×石51、兴5×兴9、兴9×日76-2、日5×长77-3,胸径变异较大的前4个家系为日3×石51、兴5×兴9、兴7×日77-2、兴9×日76-2。对比5年与8年生杂种落叶松生长性状变化的结果显示:兴6×和6、日11×兴2、日12×兴9这3个家系表现出较快的生长速度,年平均树高、胸径生长量较大。对杂种落叶松3次测量数据进行相关分析的结果显示:8年生树高、胸径与5年、6年生长性状均为正相关,且均达到显著水平。对8年生杂种落叶松树高、胸径数据进行方差分析的结果显示:生长性状杂种间差异达到显著水平。最终选择兴6×和6、兴7×日77-2、日11×兴2这3个家系为杂种落叶松优良家系,其平均树高与胸径遗传力分别为0.652、0.619,遗传增益分别为45.08%、39.97%。     

杂种落叶松优良家系初步选择

通过对11年生杂种落叶松生长性状进行方差分析,结果表明:11年生各家系间树高、胸径和材积差异均极显著;初步选出日12×兴9、日5×长78-3和日3×兴2三个优良家系,11年生树高、胸径和材积的遗传力分别为0.799、0.737和0.689,21%入选率时遗传增益分别为4.22%、5.06%和12.08%,3个优良家系树高、胸径和材积生长分别比一般家系总平均值高出了3.50%、9.11%、19.76%,6.99%、5.81%、18.24%和5.36%、5.69%、14.59%。     

杂种落叶松选优技术研究

为了培育生长速度快、抗病和抗寒性强的杂种落叶松优良家系,进行了日本落叶松与兴安落叶松的种间杂交组合试验,对9年生杂种落叶松16个家系的主要生长指标的分析结果表明：杂交组合具有较高的杂种优势,8号、10号、12号、13号、14号在树高、胸径、树高连年生长量优于其他杂交组合,选为优良家系,其中8号和10号为最优家系.低温-40℃胁迫后,杂种落叶松和对照的MDA、可溶性蛋白含量差异显著,且杂种落叶松8号、10号的MDA、可溶性蛋白含量分别是对照的52.8％、56.0％和49.28％、47.32％,表明8号和10号家系抗寒性较强.     

落叶松早期落叶病防治技术

落叶松早期落叶病主要来源于病菌感染,病害的主要症状为大量落叶。对落叶病进行及早防治,可以提升落叶松林木品质、节省种植管理成本、完善病虫害防治技术。笔者从湿度、地形、林分状态3方面分析了落叶松落叶病发病原因,从合理采伐、林地清理、加强林区管理等方面总结了落叶松落叶病防治技术,以期为今后植树造林防治落叶松落叶病提供技术参考。     

落叶松及杂种扦插繁殖技术的研究进展

介绍了落叶松及杂种扦插繁殖技术在国内外的研究进展,重点论述了影响落叶松及杂种扦插繁殖的因素及未来杂种落叶松扦插繁殖的研究方向和对策。     

杂种落叶松的异地保存技术

杂种落叶松种质资源的收集和保存以杂种实生种子园、杂种落叶松F1代和F2代子代测定林、杂种落叶松第2代无性系种子园以及再收集（新建种质资源圃）的形式开展。杂种落叶松种质资源的丰富,为大量生产杂种落叶松良种奠定基础。     

杂种落叶松遗传变异分析及优良家系选择

以黑龙江佳木斯富锦市林木种子园杂种落叶松家系子代测定林的22个落叶松家系为研究对象,分别于2009年、2012年、2017年进行树高及胸径调查,对调查数据进行遗传变异分析、方差分析以及多重比较,并筛选出优良家系。结果显示,22个处理在5年生、8年生、13年生时,树高和胸径均存在着丰富的遗传变异,且总体上呈现由大到小的规律;不同家系间差异显著性均达到了极显著水平;多重比较结果显示,家系兴5×兴9、日5×长78-3和日5×长77-3这3个家系入选为优良家系,入选率为15%。     

五常市杂种落叶松幼龄期变异分析

以5年生36个杂种落叶松家系为材料,测定其树高、胸径生长性状,估算变异系数、遗传力和遗传增益,筛选出优良家系。结果表明:各家系的树高、胸径存在较丰富变异,树高变异系数小于胸径,树高、胸径极显著相关(P<0.01),家系间树高、胸径差异均达极显著差异水平(P<0.01)。以10%的入选率,初选出家系1317、1324、1318、和1327为优良家系,树高平均增益为15.98%,胸径平均增益为29.46%。     

不同密度杂种落叶松枯枝落叶营养元素的动态特征

对4种造林密度杂种落叶松枯枝落叶做了分解试验,对不同分解时期枯枝落叶中的N、P、K等元素进行了测定,结果显示：造林密度对枯枝落叶中氮、钾元素的初始含量有显著影响,而对其他元素影响不显著。枯枝落叶中的氮、钾、钙和镁元素在分解的第一年下降较快,而磷则是第二年的减少量高于第一年。造林密度为3300株/hm2和4400株/hm2的林分,在枯枝落叶的分解过程中,各养分浓度的减少量较大,密度过大或过小都不利于养分的归还。     

富锦地区杂种落叶松优良家系选择初步研究

富锦林木种子园6年生子代测定林生长结果表明:22个处理间和处理内遗传变异丰富,树高平均变异系数为28.91%,胸径平均变异系数为47.79%.处理间生长性状差异极显著,日5×长78-3、日5×兴12、日5×兴9、兴7 ×日77-2树高和胸径生长均排在前5名,入选优良家系,其树高平均值超出当地生产对照、白刀山种源、乌伊岭...     

落叶松枯梢病发生规律及防治技术

落叶松枯梢病Ｇｕｉｇｎａｒｄｉａｌａｒｉｃｉｎａ（Ｓａｗａｄａ）ＹａｍａｍｏｔｏｅｔＫ．Ｉｔｏ是我国北方落叶松人工林危害严重的病害。其发生与地形地势、风、树冠垂直高度、林分因子有关。加强检疫,适地适树造林,适时化防,把防治技术贯穿于造林、管理全过程的防治措施是有效的。     

IDENTIFICATION OF FOUR LARCH SPECIES SEEDS WITH PEROXIDASE ISOENZYMES

The POD isoymograms of shelled seeds and embryos could be used to distinguish seeds of four specices of Larix.The period of sampling isozymes was critical and the two periods B and C in radical lengths of germinating seeds were shown to be optimal for sampling.Based on the number of common zones,the degree of similarity of isozymograms and double axises system or-dinations,the relationship of four species of the genus was also discussed.     

Charcoal affects early development and hormonal concentrations of somatic embryos of hybrid larch

Embryogenic tissue of hybrid larch (Larix x marschlinsii Coaz) was multiplied on Medium M (modified MSG medium supplemented with the plant growth regulators (PGRs) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D; 9 microM) and N-6-benzyladenine (2.25 microM)). After 1 week, cultures were transferred to either MSG lacking PGRs (Medium C-) or MSG lacking PGRs but supplemented with 1% activated charcoal (Medium C+). Embryos were sampled after 1 week on Medium M, C- or C+. Embryos were analyzed by ELISA for abscisic acid (ABA), abscisic acid-glucose ester, 2,4-D, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-aspartate (IAAsp), zeatin (Z), zeatin riboside (ZR), isopentenyladenine (iP) and isopentenyladenosine (iPA). Transfer of embryos to Medium C+ reduced the embryo concentrations of 2,4-D and iPA, but resulted in elevated concentrations of IAA, IAAsp, ABA, Z, ZR and iP. Charcoal reduced 2,4-D concentrations of embryos by an order of magnitude greater than PGR-free medium alone. Charcoal affected embryo concentrations of five of the eight PGRs quantified. Use of either C+ or C- medium as part of the maturation protocols also affected germination and plantlet establishment of the embryos. A 1-week treatment on Medium C+ positively influenced plantlet establishment and generally reduced variability during both germination and plantlet establishment.     

Verification of a phenotypic discrimination method for hybrid larch seedlings using DNA markers

The hybrid between Kuril larch (Larix gmelinii var. japonica) and Japanese larch (L. kaempferi) is an important afforestation tree species in Hokkaido, Japan, because of its rapid juvenile growth, straight stem, and resistance to bark gnawing by voles. To produce desirable hybrid seedlings, precise seedling discrimination is essential. However, continuous variations in morphological and phenological traits occur across L. gmelinii var. japonica × L. kaempferi and L. gmelinii var. japonica × L. gmelinii var. japonica seedlings. Therefore, we used DNA markers to verify and improve the morphological and phenological discrimination method. We collected seeds from an interspecific seed orchard and, using chloroplast DNA analysis, we showed that the hybridization rates of 1-year-old seedlings were different between years (2004, 23.2 %; 2005, 53.6 %) and between mother trees (2004, 5.8–39.4 %; 2005, 20.0–81.0 %). Discriminant analyses revealed that the root collar diameter of 2-year-old seedlings, number of sylleptic branches of 2-year-old seedlings, and day of terminal bud set in 1- and 2-year-old seedlings are traits that aid in discriminating hybrid seedlings. The proportions of correctly discriminated individuals were found to be 81.7–88.2 % when using improved phenotypic discrimination methods. These methods adopted traits with high discrimination abilities during discriminant analyses and determined the selection intensity according to the hybridization rate estimated from the DNA markers. In contrast, the proportions of correctly discriminated individuals obtained using the current method were lower, 72.7–78.5 %, because this method was based on seedling height and adopted a constant selection intensity.     

抚顺地区落叶松人工林有害生物种类发生状态及防控技术

大面积发展的落叶松人工纯林已占抚顺市森林面积的29.4%,为落叶松有害生物提供了丰富的营养源。林内生物多样性单一,造成落叶松有害生物灾害频发,严重影响了落叶松的健康生长和森林环境的稳定。据调查,抚顺地区落叶松有害生物多达34种,其中虫害19种、病害10种、鼠害3种、鸟害2种。该文总结了抚顺地区落叶松有害生物的发生情况和危害特点,并提出了有效防控措施及今后治理方向。     

Estimated amount of carbon accumulation of hybrid larch in three 31-year-old progeny test plantations

Hybrids generated by crossing Kuril larch (Larix gmelinii var. japonica) and Japanese larch (L. kaempferi) are expected to have high carbon accumulation ability because of fast growth and high wood density in Hokkaido, Japan. We estimated the amount of carbon accumulation of the hybrid larch in three progeny test plantations consisting of 21 full-sib families and compared the results to the carbon accumulation of open-pollinated progenies of Japanese larch plus-trees (improved Japanese larch). Gene-environment interactions were not observed for tree height and diameter at breast height but were seen for wood density (area-weighted density, AWD). The amount of carbon accumulated per unit area (C_stand) positively correlated with the stand volume. The AWD did not correlate with the C _stand; therefore, families with high wood density can be selected independent of the C _stand. The C _stand of the best full-sib family, female parent half-sib family, and male parent half-sib family at three sites were 106.1, 84.6, and 93.2 Cton·ha⁻¹, respectively. All these values exceed the mean for the improved Japanese larch, which has a C _stand value of 82.5 Cton·ha⁻¹.     

造林密度对杂种落叶松生长影响的初步分析

在相同立地条件的杂种落叶松试验林中设置4种造林密度,研究造林密度对生长性状的影响.结果表明:造林密度对杂种落叶松的平均胸径、单株材积有显著影响,对林分平均高和公顷蓄积的影响不显著.由密度效应模型模拟出杂种落叶松的最佳密度,综合成活率、保存率和成本等因素,造林密度以4 400株·hm-2为宜.     

Variation in lateral shoot elongation patterns and hybrid vigor in full-sib families and interspecific hybrids of larch

Time of shoot initiation and cessation, and rate and duration of lateral shoot elongation of full-sib families of Larix decidua Mill., L. laricina (Du Roi) C. Koch, and interspecific hybrids between L. decidua and L. kaempferi (Lamb.) Carrière, L. kaempferi x decidua, L. laricina x decidua, and L. laricina x kaempferi were explored in relation to hybrid vigor determined by height growth after 5 years. Height growth of L. laricina and L. decidua families was significantly less than height growth of the interspecific hybrids. Differences were observed for all lateral shoot elongation traits among L. laricina, L. decidua, and the interspecific hybrids. Lateral shoots of L. laricina families were the first to both initiate and cease elongation, and grew for the shortest period of time. Overall, the length of the shoot elongation period and date of cessation of shoot growth were significantly correlated with total height growth after 5 years, but the time of shoot initiation was not. Rate of elongation of lateral shoots was strongly correlated with growth increment in 1996, but was weakly correlated with total height growth after 5 years. Hybrid vigor in Larix seems to be partly a function of late cessation or increased duration of shoot elongation, or both.