稻草覆盖对稻田马铃薯产量的影响

研究7种不同的覆盖方式对免耕稻田马铃薯'费乌瑞它'产量的影响.结果表明:以1 500 kg/667 m2整稻草加薄膜覆盖方式产量最高,达1 547.3 kg/667m2;对照处理(裸地)的产量最低,为995.6 kg/667m2.因此,在安徽省江淮地区稻田马铃薯生产采用厚稻草(整)+薄膜覆盖的方式较好.     

沿海地区秸秆覆盖种植马铃薯新品种比较试验

江苏省东台市地处苏北平原,东临黄海,西接里下河地区,气候温暖,雨量充沛,适合马铃薯生长,目前马铃薯种植面积在2000hm2左右,主要分布在新街、唐洋一带。为了进一步提高马铃薯产量和丰富当     

秸秆覆盖量和覆盖时间对土壤水热状况及党参产量的影响

以党参为试材,采用双因素随机区组方法,研究了秸秆覆盖量和覆盖时间对土壤水热状况及党参产量的影响,以期为党参秸秆覆盖栽培技术和推广应用提供参考依据。结果表明：秸秆覆盖显著提高党参生长后期0～20 cm土层的土壤含水量,其中A2B3的平均土壤含水量最高,为11.39%,分别较露地不覆盖和地膜露头覆盖提高3.55%和5.86%;党参秸秆覆盖的土壤温度表现为前期降温后期保温,降温幅度较露地不覆盖降低1.08℃,较地膜露头覆盖降低1.04℃;同时研究表明,党参秸秆覆盖的时间宜早不宜迟,移栽覆盖党参的成药产量平均为8 881.33 kg·hm^-2,较出苗覆盖增加10.38%;当覆盖量为10 500～13 500 kg·hm^-2时,党参的成药产量最高,为9 718.48 kg·hm^-2,较露地不覆盖和地膜露头覆盖分别增产27.21%和25.53%。秸秆覆盖对党参具有显著的降温保墒和增产作用,为党参秸秆覆盖栽培技术和推广应用提供了支撑。     

不同播种期、覆盖方式对秋马铃薯产量及病害的影响

秋马铃薯适宜的播种期正好处在高温多雨或高温干旱的季节，这样的条件对马铃薯的出苗相当不利，极易引起烂种，出苗不齐，造成严重减产。因此要选择最佳的播种期和创造适宜的条件，以保证苗齐苗壮，我院于2006年秋季进行试验，总结了一些可行的经验。     

耕种模式对马铃薯产量和经济效益的影响

马铃薯是粮食和蔬菜兼用作物,我国各地均有较大面积的栽培。广西是典型的马铃薯冬种区,马铃薯收获时正值市场淡季,经济效益非常显著。马铃薯免耕稻草覆盖栽培是一项全新的种植技术,是马铃薯生产技术上的一项重要革新,该项栽培技术具有操作简单,省工省力,抗旱耐寒,薯块光洁,产量高,经济效益和社会效益十分显著,     

草菇不同覆盖处理对产量的影响

草菇在我国南方栽培已较普遍,随着培养料和栽培技术的不断改进,草菇的产、质量日趋提高和稳定。覆土技术已逐渐被菇农所接受,它不仅有利保湿和促进菌丝生长,并可支撑子实体发育,减少幼菇的萎缩,增加产量。我们在试验中选择了蔬菜上使用的无纺布作为覆盖材料。现将方法及结果报告如下:     

不同覆盖方式对土壤肥力和马铃薯产量的影响

为了研究不同覆盖方式对土壤物理特性、有效养分以及马铃薯产量的影响,以早大白马铃薯为试验材料,设置常规露地（对照）和普通聚乙烯地膜、生物可降解膜、稻草3种覆盖方式,比较了不同时期土壤含水率、pH值、养分含量以及产量。结果表明：稻草覆盖保水效果最佳;生物可降解膜覆盖、稻草覆盖在马铃薯生长后期可提高土壤肥力,以生物可降解膜覆盖尤为明显,成熟期几乎所有速效养分指标均高于其他处理,与对照相比,土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量分别高出7.49 g/kg、23.00 mg/kg、11.0 mg/kg、26.0 mg/kg。综合成本效益,除了稻草覆盖由于小薯多而效益比对照降低22.2%外,普通聚乙烯地膜覆盖和生物可降解膜覆盖比对照效益分别提高29.7%和24.2%。总之,普通聚乙烯地膜和生物可降解膜均可提高马铃薯产量和效益,但生物可降解地膜覆盖还可以改善土壤养分状况,减少环境污染,更具有推广价值。     

玉米秸秆改土对越橘生长和产量的影响

采用田间试验,利用秸秆露地挖穴对越橘生长的土壤进行改良,测定高丛越橘品种"蓝丰"和半高丛越橘品种"圣云"改土后土壤pH值、土壤有机质、植株生长和产量的变化.结果表明:玉米秸秆和园田土体积比1:1的处理,土壤pH值由原来的6.87降为4.18,;土壤有机质含量由园田土的2.16%提高到5.89%;植株的高度、粗度、基生枝长度和延长枝长度等生长指标均比对照有所提高;单果重和单株产量也明显高于对照,"蓝丰"和"圣云"2个品种单株产量分别是对照的158.9%和154.8%.说明该处理对越橘生长效果较好.     

发酵玉米秸秆对甜瓜生长和产量品质的影响

本试验以“脆梨”甜瓜品种为试材,研究了基质配方对甜瓜生长及产量品质的影响。结果表明：T5（添加玉米秸秆发酵物60％）配方效果最好,其次为T2（添加玉米秸秆发酵物40％）配方。T5和T2两个处理的甜瓜在株高、茎粗、产量和品质方面均明显优于其他处理,能显著促进甜瓜生长,提高甜瓜的产量和品质。     

高温气候下遮阳网覆盖对生姜生长及产量的影响

生姜是我国大宗出口商品,尤以肉质细嫩、辛辣味浓、含硫量低的大姜品种在海外深受欢迎。目前我国生姜主要出口日本、韩国、美国及巴西等国家,需求量很大。在我市文成西坑,种植生姜已成为增加农民收入的重要产业。但目前农民生产上普遍采用粗放型的露地栽培模式,不利于生姜产量的提升和经济效益的发挥。鉴于夏季高温对生姜生长上的影响,我们进行了高温气候下遮阳网覆盖的栽培试验,探讨其对生姜生长及产量的影响。     

胶冻样类芽孢杆菌对不同施肥处理的马铃薯产量和品质的影响

以‘克新1号’马铃薯为试验材料,试验设置低、中、高3个施肥量处理,在复合肥和有机肥的基础上,每个处理中固体胶冻样类芽孢杆菌微生物菌剂设置4个不同的梯度处理,在马铃薯块茎膨大期冲施定量的液体胶冻样类芽孢杆菌微生物菌剂,探究增施胶冻样类芽孢杆菌微生物菌剂对马铃薯生长指标、产量、品质及经济效益等的影响,旨在找出适合蒲县当地的科学施肥方法,为其马铃薯的高产优质生产提供理论和生产实践依据。结果表明,适量增施微生物菌剂有利于提高马铃薯产量、品质和经济效益等指标,但高浓度的微生物菌剂却抑制马铃薯的生长,在本试验中以低肥量处理下的T2组效果最佳,其株高、出苗率、维生素C含量、产量及净利润比常规施肥组分别提高了6.83%、5.31%、92.11%、27.0%和16.94%,还原糖含量降低了18.42%,是高产优质马铃薯的科学施肥配方及标准化生产技术方案。     

叶面肥对设施番茄产量、品质及经济效益的影响

探究不同种类叶面肥对番茄植株生长势、产量、品质、商品率以及经济效益等方面的影响,为设施番茄叶面追肥提供参考依据.以番茄品种西润2007为试材,在番茄生长发育期叶面喷施5种不同叶面肥.结果表明,叶面肥均能显著促进番茄植株的生长发育,美盖美可以显著提高番茄产量,磷酸二氢钾不仅能提高番茄结果盛期和结果后期的商品率,同时也可以...     

不同形态钾肥对马铃薯产量及品质的影响

采用随机区组设计,研究了在施入等量钾肥的前提下,硫酸钾及氯化钾配施对马铃薯植株生育性状、氨基酸、钾含量等品质和产量及商品薯率的影响.结果表明,等量不同形态钾肥对植株株高和主茎数有一定的影响,对其他生育性状基本无影响;对块茎中蛋氨酸含量无显著影响,对其他类型氨基酸、总氨基酸、还原糖和钾含量有一定影响;对马铃薯产量、经济效...     

覆草栽培对甜樱桃结实的影响

以红灯为试材,探讨了甜樱桃覆草栽培对其开花结实情况的影响。研究发现覆草栽培可有效地提高甜樱桃结果枝叶片数,使叶片营养水平显著提高,平均花芽数量提高1-2个;同时可使红灯樱桃坐果率提高25.04-28.01个百分点。平均单果重增加18%;果汁的可溶性固形物含量增加1.17个百分点,花期滞后3-5d。     

京郊地区微喷条件下不同灌溉量对芹菜产量、品质的影响

为筛选出芹菜种植最佳灌溉量,开展芹菜不同灌溉量试验,为芹菜高产及节水灌溉提供科学依据。试验设置5个处理,分别为:T+5:每667 m2灌溉126 m^3;T+10:每667 m2灌溉132 m^3;T-5:每667 m2灌溉114 m^3;T-10:每667 m^2灌溉108 m^3;对照:每667 m2灌溉120 m^3。试验结果表明,T-5处理在株高、茎粗、叶柄数等植株长势均优于对照,干物质质量较对照增加13.7%;芹菜产量最高,为5669.50 kg,产量、产值较对照提高16.28%;T-5处理在节水5%的情况下,纯收益高于对照16.67%。综上所述,每667 m2灌溉114 m^3高产且节水,是本试验处理中经济效益较好的灌溉处理,适宜指导本地区大棚芹菜微喷灌溉栽培。     

稳定性长效复合肥恩泰克对番茄产量和经济效益的影响

在云南元谋进行了恩泰克产品(加入硝化抑制剂-DMPP)对番茄产量和效益的影响试验。试验结果表明,恩泰克处理较农户常规种植番茄产量提高77%,经济效益提高126 670元/hm2。     

不同时段补光对日光温室早春茬马铃薯光合特性、产量和品质的影响

为探究日光温室早春茬马铃薯生产的补光技术,通过对马铃薯进行CK(未补光)、T1(揭帘前补光4 h)、T2(盖帘后补光4 h)处理的试验,研究不同时段补光对日光温室早春茬马铃薯光合特性、产量及品质的影响.结果表明,较未补光处理,T1、T2处理均显著提高了马铃薯叶片净光合速率、株高、茎粗、块茎产量及淀粉含量,且T1处理下块...     

土壤环境调控对板栗细根形态和产量的影响

Objective: To analyze the effects of interrow grass mulching combined with different fertilization treatments on soil physical and chemical properties, root system configuration, nutrient content and productivity in chestnut orchards, Qianxi, Hebei province, where drought, water shortage and problems of unscientific fertilization are serious. Methods: Eight- year- old trees of Castanea mollissima 'Yanshanzaofeng'were taken as the research object, and a split zone experiment design was adopted. The main treatment included interrow mulching with grass and clean tillage, and the secondary treatments were 4 fertilization treatments including single application of inorganic fertilizer (F), single application of organic fertilizer (M), combined application of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer (F+M) and no fertilization (CK). In 2019 and 2020, we studied the effect of mulching and fertilization on water, fertilizer, gas and heat status in the soil, fine root growth, and fine root nutrient content in chestnut orchard. The most suitable soil management model was selected based on fruit productivity. Results: During the growing period (April- October), the average water contents in the soil layers of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm were significantly higher in the mulching treatments than those in the clean tillage treatment. The average water contents in the soil layers of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm in the mulched soils were 18.76% and 17.62% higher than those in the cleaned soils, respectively. Interrow mulching in the chestnut orchard significantly reduced the range of diurnal soil temperature change. The variation range of soil temperature in under interrow mulching in summer and autumn was 1.56℃ and 1.10℃ smaller than that in the clean tillage treatment. Mulching had obvious cooling effect in hot season and helped heat preservation in low temperature seasons. Different fertilization treatments significantly reduced the soil bulk density in 0-40 cm soil layer, increased the total porosity of soil, and reduced soil pH value. The influence of interrow mulching on the 0-20 cm soil layer was greater than on the 20-40 cm soil layer. The contents of organic matter and available nutrients in rhizosphere soil of the chestnut orchard were significantly increased by grass mulching and fertilization. Different treatments had a significant impact on the nutrient content in fine roots. The order of N, P and K contents in different treatments were F +M> F> M> CK, and that of organic carbon content was F +M> M> F> CK. The effect of mulching and fertilization on fine roots in the 20-40 cm soil layer was significant. Compared with CK, the fertilization treatments increased the root surface area, root volume, root length density, specific root length and total root length of fine roots. Besides, all the indexes in GC were higher than in CT, and the increments in GC(F+M) and CT(F+M) were the highest. Interrow grass mulching and fertilization directly affected tree roots and indirectly affected the reproductive growth, in this study, the average yield per plant of different fertilization treatments in grass mulching area was significantly higher than that in clear tillage area, and the yield per plant of organic and inorganic fertilizer combined application was the highest, and the increase range of different treatments could reach 4.95%-45.21%. Results of aggregated boosted trees analysis showed that the contribution degree of different soil physical and chemical indexes to yield per plant was Avail. N> Avail. K> Avail. P> Soil water content> Temperature> Organic matter> pH> Total porosity> Soil bulk density, among which the contribution rates of available nutrients and soil water content to yield per plant were the highest, being 52.21% and 13.91%, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the comprehensive analysis, it is concluded that the combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer is the optimal fertilization mode for chestnut cultivation in Qianxi region, and is recommended for extensive application in production of chestnut. © 2021, Office of Journal of the Fruit Science. All right reserved.     

硫酸钾镁肥对萝卜产量和经济效益的影响

通过田间试验,在施用氮、磷肥基础上,研究了施用硫酸钾镁肥对萝卜产量和经济效益的影响.结果表明,施用硫酸钾镁肥能显著提高萝卜叶片中叶绿素含量;与不施钾处理相比,生物产量增加6.9%,商品菜产量提高11.0%;每667 m2增加效益49.46元;其产量的增加和效益的提高均高于配施氯化钾和硫酸钾处理,亦略高于配施等量养分K、S、Mg单质肥料处理.     

长期轮作与施肥对马铃薯土壤养分和产量的影响

为探明长期轮作与施肥对马铃薯土壤养分和产量的影响,采用随机区组设计,研究了9 a(年)间不同肥料配比对马铃薯与杂粮轮作土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明,经过9 a轮作与施肥,磷钾肥区旱作土壤有机质含量从2011年的6.46 g·kg^-1上升到2019年的11.79 g·kg^-1,土壤速效养分含量总体呈现出缓慢递增的趋势,全量养分含量呈递增-降低-递增-降低的“M”态势,不同氮磷钾肥配比对马铃薯增产效果显著,在2019年产量达到最高,为12015 kg·hm-2。综上所述,经过9 a的长期轮作与施肥后,土壤质量明显提高。