Effects of elevation and season on nutrient composition of leaves and green pods of Moringa stenopetala and Moringa oleifera

The baobab tree (Adansonia digitata L.) is of large socioeconomic importance. However, domesticated plant material of baobab is rarely available to African farmers, and very limited pre-breeding knowledge is available. To evaluate genetic differentiation between geographical origins we compared vigor and leaf morphology of trees from 17 West African and 13 East African provenances of baobab. Seedlings were grown and evaluated in a common garden test at Bamako, Mali. Germination was assessed and growth measured 3 and 12?months after germination. Leaf morphology (leaf length, leaflet number, petiole length and diameter and leaflet border) were assessed after 12?months. Significant differences between the provenances were observed for both growth rate and leaf morphology. West African provenances in general grew faster than East African provenances, but leaf characters did not reveal a particular geographic structure, and the correlations between geographic distances and multivariate Mahalanobis distances were not significant. The correlations between leaf morphological traits and climatic data were in general low at the provenance level. However, the number of leaflets was significantly higher for provenances from drier areas. Two years increment at a field site also varied significantly between the provenances, where West African provenances confirmed their tendency to higher growth rate. Still, trees are young and results regarding both growth data and leaf characteristics should be confirmed when the trees are closer to maturity.     

油茶的营养价值及开发利用

油茶是中国南方重要的木本油料植物,其综合利用具有广阔的前景。本文综述了油茶各部分,包括油茶籽、茶油、饼粕、果壳、油茶叶所含的营养和活性物质,以及茶籽、茶油、饼粕在食品、化工、医药、保健等行业的应用情况。     

辣木栽培与利用

对辣木的栽培与利用做了初步的介绍。     

辣木种苗组培快繁技术研究

对辣木的组织培养和种苗移栽管理技术进行研究,结果表明:适宜辣木的腋芽生长培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L IBA+0.5 mg/L6-BA,生根培养基为MS+1.5~2.0 mg/L IBA,添加0.5 g/L活性炭。辣木组培苗移栽时应控制空气湿度90%。     

非洲辣木组培快繁再生技术体系的建立

为优化非洲辣木(Moringa stenopetala)组培快繁再生技术,提升种苗品质,以非洲辣木无菌苗为试验材料,研究培养基和植物生长调节剂对非洲辣木不同生长阶段的影响.结果表明,非洲辣木种子经清水浸泡30 min+75％酒精消毒1 min+0.1％升汞消毒10 min处理后,接种于MS培养基上,种子萌芽率达81.11％;愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基为MS+6-BA1.0 mg/L+KT 1.0 mg/L,诱导率为89.89％;初代芽在MS+6-BA 0.6 mg/L+KT 0.3 mg/L培养基上进行继代增殖培养,增殖系数可达4.62;在1/2 MS+NAA 1.0 mg/L+IBA 1.0 mg/L培养基上进行生根培养,生根数为5.92,根长为1.94 cm,生根率为96.67％;以泥炭土为移栽基质,移栽成活率最高(94.44％).通过该组培快繁再生技术体系,非洲辣木诱导率和增殖系数高,生根效果好,苗木生长快速.     

辣木组织培养与植物激素培养基筛选试验

以辣木种子为外植体组织培养并在各培养阶段添加不同浓度植物激素培养基的试验结果表明:外植体消毒以脱壳种子→84消毒液预处理→Hg Cl2消毒效果最佳,污染率10%;最好的发芽诱导培养基为Mc+6-BA 0.4 mg·L-1,发芽率达82%;继代增殖培养基为Mc+6-BA 0.5 mg·L-1+KT 0.1 mg·L-1,增殖倍数达5.8倍;生根培养基为1/2Mc+IBA 0.5 mg·L-1+NAA 0.2 mg·L-1+AC 1.0 g·L-1,生根率达80%。炼苗20 d移栽于河沙∶珍珠岩∶刨花(1∶1∶1)混合基质的成活率最高。     

多油辣木植物学性状和农艺性状观测

通过对云南西双版纳州在生产性栽培条件下多油辣木为期4年的试验观测,对多油辣木树型、叶、花、果等植物学性状及生长量、分枝、抽梢、开花及坐果等农艺性状作了详细描述。     

辣木的研究现状及其开发前景

综述辣木在国外的研究和开发现状，根据热区资源条件，提出发展辣木种植和产品开发的思路。     

西双版纳棚栽辣木主要害虫及防治

介绍了西双版纳棚栽辣木存在的主要害虫:朱砂叶螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval)、美洲斑潜蝇(Liriomyza sativae Blanchard)、斜纹夜蛾(Prodenia litura Fabricius)和小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella L.)为害症状和防治。     

西双版纳辣木常见病虫害及其防治

简述辣木田间常见的落叶病、嫩梢萎蔫病、枝条溃疡病、豆荚褐腐病,以及夜蛾、小菜蛾、红蜘蛛、蚜虫等害虫的发生规律和防治方法。     

CNS activities of methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera root in mice

Methanolic extract (ME) of the root of Moringa oleifera was tested for possible pharmacological effects on experimental animals. ME potentiated significantly the sleeping time induced by pentobarbitone sodium, diazepam and meprobamate, showed analgesic properties and also potentiated analgesia induced by morphine and pethidine. Pretreatment with ME caused significant protection against strychnine- and leptazol-induced convulsions. The behavioural studies on mice indicate the CNS depressant nature of ME.     

辣木的栽培及开发利用研究进展

文章从生物学特性、利用价值、繁殖方法、造林技术、综合开发利用等五个方面综述了辣木研究所取得的进展,针对目前的研究现状,对综合开发和合理利用提出了建议和对策。     

2011年赴古巴考察辣木种植的印象和体会

纪述2011年随国家农业部考察团赴古巴考察辣木产业的兴起和发展状况;提出我国辣木研发存在问题和建议。     

Allometric equations for estimating aboveground biomass of Coffea arabica L. grown in the Rift Valley escarpment of Ethiopia

Coffee, Coffea arabica L., which is native to Ethiopia, is the world’s most widely traded tropical agricultural commodity. While much is known about the productivity and management of coffee for coffee beans little attention has been given to the plants overall biomass production and carbon sequestration. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate allometric equations for estimating the aboveground biomass of C. arabica plants growing in indigenous agroforestry system in the Rift Valley escarpment of south-eastern Ethiopia. Coffee plays an important role in providing income and in sustaining these productive systems. Biomass harvesting of 31 plants with 54 stems was carried out in a 40 km² area varying in elevation from 1,500 to 1,900 m. The stem accounted for most (56 %) of plant biomass, followed by branches (39 %) and twigs plus foliage (5 %). Plant mean biomass was 22.9 ± 15.8 kg. Power equations using stem diameter measured at either 40 cm (d ₄₀) or at breast height (d, 1.3 m) with and without stem height (h) were evaluated. The square power equation, $ Y \; = \; b_{ 1} d_{ 40}^{ 2} $ , was found to be the best (highest ranked using goodness-of-fit statistics) for predicting total and component biomass. The reliability of the prediction decreased in the order: stem > branches > twigs plus foliage. A cross-validation procedure showed that equation parameterization was stable and coefficients reliable. Our parameterized square power equation for total aboveground biomass was also found to be better than the equations parameterized by Hairiah et al. (Carbon stocks of tropical land use systems as part of the global C balance: effects of forest conversion and options for clean development activities, International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, Bogor, 2001) and Segura et al. (Agroforest Syst 68:143–150, 2006) for C. arabica grown in agroforestry systems, confirming the importance of parameterization of allometric equations with site specific data when possible.     

利用辣木茎段建立植株再生体系的研究

选择印度改良辣木的幼苗茎段,经外植体消毒后,进行了不定芽初代诱导、继代培养、生根诱导和生根苗移植试验,结果表明:最适不定芽初代诱导培养基为MS 6BA1mg/L 卡拉胶5g/L, 糖30g/L,继代培养基为MS 6BA0.4mg/L NAA0.2mg/L 卡拉胶5g/L 糖30g/L,生根培养基为1/2MS IBA0.4mg/L NAA0.2mg/L 卡拉胶7g/L 糖20g/L,最适的生根瓶苗移栽基质为黄心土40% 泥炭60%,并对微繁体系建立过程中继代苗的玻璃化、生根苗黄化及愈伤头过大、移栽过程中的管理等问题进行了讨论.     

云南的辣木引种试验初报

在云南的开远、东川、永仁、思茅、瑞丽5地进行了8个种源,2个品种的辣木引种试验,所引种的辣木其幼树期表现出生长迅速,能正常开花结实的状况;且所引种的10个种源(品种)间生长差异并不显著。辣木定植后,呈现持续生长的状态,无明显缓苗期;年生长态势在年内大部时间生长迅速,到11月初随着温度的下降而生长减缓,粗生长在后期增长明显加快。表明辣木生长受温度影响较为明显,对温度的变化较敏感。引种的辣木植株1年生枝耐修剪,显示其为易于更新的树种。另外,引种的辣木叶中蛋白含量与原产地基本相同,但钙、钾、镁等微量元素的含量低于原产地,而维生素含量则高于原产地。     

Biomass yield, botanical fractions and quality of tagasaste, (Chamaecytisus palmensis) as affected by harvesting interval in the highlands of Ethiopia

Tagasaste, a hardy leguminous shrub has potential for wide utilizationin the highlands of East Africa. Establishment and productivity oftagasaste at two, three, four, and six months harvesting intervals wereevaluated from the first to the forth years of age(1991/1992–1994/1995) in the highlands of Ethiopia. Biomass yield,botanical fractions (Leaf, Edible branch and stem) and quality wereassessed. Annual biomass production was substantially greater for sixmonths interval than for the more frequent harvests in a range of 4.7 to10.2 t ha–1. Average biomass yield also increased as theplant got older. Leaf proportion of the biomass yield consistentlydecreased from 71.7 to 45.3% and the stem increased from 0.4 to25.5% as the harvesting interval was prolonged from two to sixmonths, respectively. However, the longest harvesting intervals were stillthe most productive of leaf DM from the increased biomass yield. Theaverage crude protein (CP) content and in vitro dry organic matter digestibility (DOMD) of leaf were not significantly affected by harvestinginterval. They ranged from 18.0–21.2% and65.3–70.5%, respectively. Allowing tagasaste to grow duringthe wet season for four to six months and harvesting during the early dryseason could improve the yield of high quality herbage, fuel wood andincrease persistence in the highlands of Ethiopia. Tagasaste could be thebest browse tree for the highlands of East Africa. It could alleviateproblems of feed shortage, soil degradation, low soil fertility throughmulching and nitrogen fixing ability, and fuel wood scarcity which arepredominantly prevalent in these areas. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

辣木播种育苗及扦插繁殖技术研究

文章研究了辣木种子的发芽率、发芽势及芽苗移栽前后的生长情况;并对两种不同截顶方式处理的穗条,不同类型穗条和不同基质插穗的扦插生长情况进行了研究。结果表明:种子萌发较易,种子吸水膨胀后,7 d即可大量萌发,发芽率为81%;萌发15 d后,肉质根初步形成,肉质根不耐水渍。60%黄心土 40%泥炭的混合基质,较适宜于辣木扦插生根苗移栽;选择带顶芽的穗条,不使用生根剂,扦插25 d后,生根率可达95%。     

辣木、诺丽在西双版纳州产业化进程中存在的问题及建议

辣木、诺丽是具有多种开发价值的热带经济植物,如何把资源优势转变为经济发展优势,有利于农业产业结构调整,提高农业经济效益。本文探讨了多功能植物辣木和诺丽在西双版纳产业化进程中存在的主要问题,并提出对应的建议措施。     

不同施肥量对辣木幼苗生长、光合和养分特征的影响

以辣木(Moringa oleifera)品种云南极品27号为材料,采用盆栽试验研究不同施肥量处理对辣木幼苗生长指标、光合参数和养分吸收利用的影响。结果表明：随施肥量增多,辣木幼苗的株高、地径、生物量、根长、根直径、根体积、根表面积等生长指标基本表现为先升高后降低的趋势,施肥量为N9P4.5K4.5 g·株-1时达到最高,单株生物量和壮苗指数分别为对照的3.99和1.53倍;适量施肥能显著提高辣木幼苗的光合能力,有利于生物量的积累。随着施肥量的增加,辣木幼苗叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、水分利用效率先升高后降低,而蒸腾速率、气孔导度则随施肥量的增加而加大;辣木幼苗根、茎、叶组织中N、P、K含量随施肥量的增加先增多后减少,表观吸收率和施肥效率随施肥量增加显著降低,施肥量增加对根系的影响最大;施肥量为N12P6K6 g·株-1时辣木幼苗各生长、光合、养分含量指标均有所降低,根冠比最低,壮苗指数显著低于对照水平,明显抑制辣木幼苗的生长。总之,辣木幼苗最适施肥量为N9P4.5K4.5 g·株-1,施肥量为N12P6K6 g·株-1时抑制辣木幼苗的生长。