内毒素诱导的红细胞过氧化损伤及山莨菪碱的保护效应

通过给山羊静脉注射大肠杆菌内毒素复制的休克模型,研究了内毒素诱导的红细胞脂质过氧化损伤,并观察了山莨菪碱的相关保护效应。将３０头山羊随机分成３组,第Ⅰ组（ｎ＝６）静注生理盐水作为正常对照,第Ⅱ组（ｎ＝１２）静注大肠杆菌（Ｏ１１１Ｂ４）内毒素２次（间隔２４ｈ）,第Ⅲ组（ｎ＝１２）处理同第Ⅱ组,仅处理前１０ｍｉｎ静注山莨菪碱。分别于处理后１、３、５、７、９、１２ｈ采血,制备样本供测定。结果显示,山羊注射内毒素１ｈ后,红细胞脂质过氧化物含量明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）,红细胞膜还原型谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）含量显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）,并伴有红细胞ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ、ＧＲ活性降低（Ｐ＜０．０１,Ｐ＜０．０５）;而注射内毒素前给与山莨菪碱的山羊,其上述各项指标的变化均较小。以上结果表明,内毒素可使红细胞脂质过氧化作用增强,而山莨菪碱能拮抗红细胞的这种过氧化损伤,对细胞有一定的保护作用。     

不同月龄鸵鸟38项血液生化参数比较

比较了 １～３ 月龄（ ｎ ＝ １５）和 ４～６ 月龄（ ｎ ＝ １５）鸵鸟血液的 ３８ 项生化参数。结果，１～３ 月龄和 ４～６ 月龄鸵鸟之间血清 Ｃ Ｋ、 Ｔ Ｇ、 Ｂ Ｕ Ｎ、 Ｂ Ｕ Ｎ／ Ｃ Ｒ Ｅ、 Ｕ Ａ、 Ｍ ｇ、 Ｐ含量差异极显著（ Ｐ ＜ ００１）；血清 Ｔ Ｂ Ａ、 Ｌ Ｄ Ｌ Ｃ、 Ｃ Ｈ Ｏ、 Ｔ Ｔ Ｔ、 Ｎａ、 Ｋ 含量的组间差异显著（ Ｐ ＜ ００５）；其他指标 ２ 组间差异不显著。该结果提示，不同月龄鸵鸟的营养物质代谢过程存在一定差异。     

山羊内毒素休克诱发脂质过氧化作用及山莨菪碱对其影响的研究

本文将３０头杂交山羊分成３组,第１组（ｎ＝６）为对照组,第２组（ｎ＝１２）静注大肠杆菌内毒素复制休克模型,第３组（ｎ＝１２）在第２组基础上提前１０ｍｉｎ静注山莨菪碱性注射液,检测１２ｈ内不同时间血清丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量,总ＳＯＤ,Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ,ＣｕＺｎ－ＳＯＤ,ＣＡＴ和血液ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性,结果表明,第２组血清ＭＤＡ含量明显增加（Ｐ〈０．０１）,血清Ｔ－ＳＯＤ,Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ,ＣｕＺｎ－ＳＯＤ,ＧＳ     

高温条件下复合抗应激剂对肉鸡的影响

本文研究了高温条件下复合抗应激剂对肉鸡的影响。结果表明：经历３２ ℃一周的５ ～８ 周龄肉鸡采食量、增重、饲料转化率均显著下降（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ，饮服复合抗应激剂显著改善增重和饲料转化率（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ， 采食量未见明显改变，饲料转化率达到常温水平。３２ ℃１６ 小时血浆皮质酮、Ｔ３ 显著下降（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） 、Ｔ４ 显著升高（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ；３２ ℃１２０ 小时血浆皮质酮、Ｔ３ 升高并超出常温组（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 、Ｔ４ 较１６ 小时下降但仍高出常温组（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 。饮服复合抗应激剂时血浆皮质酮、Ｔ３ 、Ｔ４ 显现相同变化规律，但这种变化得到显著缓解     

肉鸡饮服“必补-18”的抗应激效果研究(Ⅱ)

本文研究了“必补＿１８”对应激条件下肉鸡的影响。结果表明：“必补＿１８”显著改善了０～３周龄肉鸡的增重、饲料转化率，显著提高了血清γ＿球蛋白水平和成活率，采食量未见有显著改变。５～８周龄肉鸡经历高温３２℃一周，其增重、饲料转化率和采食量均显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０１），饮服“必补＿１８”显著提高了增重和饲料转化率（Ｐ＜０．０１），采食量未见有差异，高温一周过程中，３２℃１６小时血浆皮质酮，Ｔ３先显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）、Ｔ４显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），３２℃１２０小时时，血浆皮质酮、Ｔ３回升且显著高于常温组（Ｐ＜０．０５），Ｔ４较１６小时显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）但仍高于常温组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。在高温条件下饮服“必补＿１８”血浆皮质酮、Ｔ３和Ｔ４呈现与高温对照组同样规律的变化，但这种变化得到显著缓解（Ｐ＜０．０５）     

孕酮和雌二醇对催产素诱发山羊前列腺素F2α分泌的影响

将１２只摘除卵巢后６～７周的山羊随机分为４组，按２×２因子实验设计进行处理。实验因子为：（１）肌肉注射孕酮（Ｐ４）：第１～５ｄ每天１０ｍｇ；第６～１２ｄ每天２０ｍｇ。（２）肌肉注射雌二醇（Ｅ２）：第１３ｄ２０μｇ第１４ｄ４０μｇ。对照处理则注射相应体积的玉米油。在第１５ｄ上午，给实验羊安置后腔静脉导管。经颈静脉给每只山羊注射１０Ｕ催产素（ＯＴ）。在注射ＯＴ前后经导管采１２份血样：─３０，─１０，─５，０，２，５，１０，１５，２０，３０，４５和６０ｍｉｎ时采样。用ＲＩＡ方法测定每份血样中的前列腺素Ｆ２α（ＰＧＦ２α）水平。在注射ＯＴ之前和注射后的４５和６０ｍｉｎ，血浆ＰＧＦ２α处于基础水平，各组间的差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。在注射ＯＴ后的２～３０ｍｉｎ，Ｐ４＋Ｅ２组的ＰＧＦ２α水平极显著地高于其他３组（Ｐ＜０．０１），其他３组之间的ＰＧＦ２α水平差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。Ｅ２组在注射ＯＴ之后也有明显的ＰＧＦ２α分泌活动。结果表明，山羊经用Ｅ２或用Ｐ４和Ｅ２先后处理后，ＯＴ可以引起子宫分泌ＰＧＦ２α。     

半胱胺对小鹅血浆中β-END和某些激素的影响

选用２４只二月龄的杂交鹅（川白×太湖）,随机分成对照组（１２只）和试验组（１２只）。试验组于日粮中一次性添加半胱胺（１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ·ＢＷ）。处理后第三天从翅静脉采取血样。用ＲＩＡ双抗法测定其中的β－ＥＮＤ、ＩＧＦ－Ｉ和各种激素的含量。结果表明：试验组的ＳＳ含量较对照组低１９．６４％（Ｐ＜０．０５）、而ＧＨ、ＩＧＦ－Ｉ和β－ＥＮＤ含量较对照组分别高５０．００％（Ｐ＜０．０１）、６２．８０％（Ｐ＜０．０１）和４４．５５（Ｐ＜０．０５）;与对照组相比较,试验组的ＴＳＨ低３２．３２％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,Ｔ４下降１４．７２％（Ｐ＞０．０５）,而Ｔ３升高２６．８０％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。以上结果提示：半胱胺可能是通过降低鹅血液中ＳＳ含量,使β－ＥＮＤ、ＩＧＦ－Ｉ、ＧＨ和Ｔ３水平升高,从而促进了鹅的快速生长。     

梅花鹿锯茸应激综合症血浆皮质醇含量的变化

２４头健康、３～４岁、体重１００～１２０ｋｇ的锯茸期梅花鹿随机分为两组，分别用木笼绳索保定法（Ａ组，ｎ＝１２）和药物保定法（Ｂ组，ｎ＝１２）进行锯茸。对血浆皮质醇含量及部分血液生化值的改变进行了测定。试验结果，Ａ组锯茸后血浆皮质醇和血糖含量较试验前呈突发性升高，然后逐渐下降，两者的改变呈正相关（ｒ＝０．９４），１～９日内各次测定值间及与Ｂ组间差异均极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）；血浆ＣＯ２ｃｐ值锯茸后３～５日内呈明显下降；血Ｎａ＋、Ｋ＋、Ｃａ＋值均呈上升势态，１～７日内各次测定值间及与Ｂ组间均有极显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ｂ组锯茸前后各项指标各次测定值间差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

半胱胺引起绵羊外周血液β－内啡肽和几种主要代谢激素的变化

在４头装置长久性胃肠道瘘管和临时性颈静脉血管插管公绵羊研究表明，经十二指肠瘘管灌注半胱胺（８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重）后５ｄ内外周血液的血浆ＳＳ浓度降低３３．６８％（２３３．１±４．４ｐｇ／ｍｌ对１５４．６±＋５．２ｐｇ／ｍｌ，Ｐ＜０．０１）；胃泌素水平升高２３．９％（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＧＨ、胰岛素分别升高１２４．２％（Ｐ＜０．０１）和１４４．０８％（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ｔ３、Ｔ４水平分别增加７１．８％（ｐ＜０．０１）和１７．５５％（Ｐ＜０．０５）；β－ＥＮＤ水平第３天升高５８．１１％（５７．２９±１．６９ｐｇ／ｍｌ对３２．４４±２．５０ｐｇ／ｍｌ，Ｐ＜０．０１），第５天回落（Ｐ＜０．ｍ）。本实验证明半胱胺可抑制反刍动物ＳＳ水平，使外周血液ＧＨ、胃泌素、胰岛素、Ｔ_３、Ｔ_４和β－ＥＮＤ水平均相应升高，提示促进了反刍动物的消化代谢水平。     

内毒素血症山羊内皮衍生因子和脂质介质的动态变化

以内毒素诱发山羊微循环障碍为模型， 同步测定发病山羊血浆内皮素（ Ｅ Ｔ）、一氧化氮（ Ｎ Ｏ）、血栓素（ Ｔ Ｘ Ａ２ ）、前列环素（ Ｐ Ｇ Ｉ２）的动态变化。结果表明，注射内毒素后３、６、１２、２４ ｈ 后山羊血浆 Ｅ Ｔ、 Ｎ Ｏ、 Ｔ Ｘ Ｂ２、６ｋｅｔｏ Ｐ Ｇ Ｆ１α的含量，与对照组及发病前比较均显著升高（ Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。 Ｅ Ｔ 含量变化在发病后６ ｈ 达峰值，于１２ ｈ时点呈现回落。 Ｎ Ｏ 产物含量在发病后１２ｈ 达峰值。发病山羊血浆 Ｔ Ｘ Ｂ２ 水平逐渐增高，而６ｋｅｔｏ Ｐ Ｇ Ｆ１α水平逐渐下降，两者比值失衡。提示，内毒素诱导山羊微循环障碍的发病过程中， Ｎ Ｏ、 Ｅ Ｔ、 Ｔ Ｘ Ａ２、 Ｐ Ｇ Ｉ２ 可能是参与休克发生发展的重要休克体液因子。     

山莨菪碱(654-2)对山羊内毒素休克时肝线粒体膜磷脂代谢的影响

采用高效液相色谱法 ( HPLC)测定了山羊内毒素休克时肝线粒体膜 ( Mi M)中磷脂酰肌醇 ( Ptd Ins)、磷脂酰丝氨酸 ( Ptd Ser)、磷脂酰乙醇胺 ( Ptd Etn)及磷脂酰胆碱 ( Ptd Cho)的变化 ,并观察了山莨菪碱 ( 6 54-2 )的相关保护效应。结果表明 ,内毒素 ( ET)处理组线粒体膜磷脂主要成分 Ptd Ins、Ptd Ser、Ptd Etn及 Ptd Cho含量在处理后 5、1 2 h均显著低于对照组和 6 54-2处理组 ( P<0 .0 5,P<0 .0 1 )。 6 54-2处理组的 Ptd Ins、Ptd Ser、Ptd Etn、Ptd Cho含量在处理后 5h显著低于对照组 ( P<0 .0 5) ,处理后 1 2 h趋于正常 ( P>0 .0 5)。可见 ,ET可诱导线粒体膜磷脂含量的改变 ,而 6 54-2能有效地改善 ET诱导的这些损伤变化     

The Evaluation of Coagulation Profiles in Calves with Suspected Septic Shock

The purpose of the study reported here was to evaluate the haemostatic function in calves with suspected septic shock and to reflect the occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Twenty-six calves suspected of having septic shock (experimental group) and 10 clinically healthy calves (control group) were used. On admission, the experimental group of calves had been ill for an average of 2 days. Therapy was applied to the experimental group of calves. The packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) and platelet (PLT) counts were determined. Blood smears for toxic neutrophil and schistocyte intensity were evaluated. For the coagulation profile, plasma activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs) values were determined. Toxic neutrophils in blood smears were observed in 12 calves of the experimental group. APTT was prolonged in the experimental group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Fibrinogen concentration was found to be higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p < 0.001). Total leukocyte counts were higher in the experimental group compared with the control group (p < 0.01). Platelet counts in the experimental group were lower than the control group (p < 0.001). However, when the individual values of coagulation profiles of each calf were evaluated, 8 calves had at least three abnormal coagulation profiles (APTT >72 s, PT >34.5 s, TT >33.7 s, FDPs >5 microg/ml, PLT < or = 150 x 10(3)/mm(3)) and abnormal erythrocyte morphology (schistocytes > or = 1). The most common abnormal tests in the coagulation profile were APTT and PT (7 cases), FDPs (6 cases), thrombocytopenia (4 cases), and schistocytes in blood smears (8 cases) in these 8 calves. The results of this study indicate that DIC might be a significant risk factor for mortality in calves with suspected septic shock.     

Endotoxin Induced Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Cattle

Endotoxin administered intravenously to a group of four calves resulted in disseminated intravascular coagulation. A sublethal dose of piromen, a commercially available Pseudomonas spp endotoxin, was used. Serial measurements of total plasma fibrinogen, soluble fibrin levels, ethanol gelation tests, protamine sulfate tests, fibrinogen-fibrin-related antigen (FR-antigen) and prothrombin and thrombin times were done.

Initial depression of plasma fibrinogen with a nadir of about 40% of pre-endotoxin levels at eight to 11 hours post-endotoxin (+8 to +11 hours) followed by an overcompensation to 180% at +60 to +108 hours was shown. Soluble fibrin was demonstrated in plasma from +2 to +22 hours with a peak of 100-114 mg/100 ml at +4 to +9 hours. Positive plasma ethanol gelation and protamine sulfate tests, as well as the presence of serum FR-antigen, occurred consistently following endotoxin administration. Significant increases in prothrombin times (PT) from +4 to +40 hours and in thrombin times (TT) from +4 to +16 hours were demonstrated. The peak increase of PT at +8 to +10 hours was 180%. The peak increase of TT at +6 to +9 hours was 260-290%.

     

Effect of pentoxifylline on endotoxin-induced haemostatic disturbances in rabbits

Pentoxifylline (PTX, a methylxanthine derivative) has been found to interrupt early gene activation for tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tissue factor production and to improve survival from experimental sepsis. During endotoxaemia, lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) and proinflammatory cytokines trigger the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) via the tissue factor-dependent pathway of coagulation. The present study was undertaken to determine whether pentoxifylline could prevent coagulation disturbances in LPS-treated rabbits. Endotoxaemia was induced with E. coli lipopolysaccharide in New Zealand White rabbits. Forty rabbits were used and divided into four equal groups. Group 1 served as a control group; Group 2: lipopolysaccharide was injected intravenously, Group 3: pentoxifylline was injected intraperitoneally, Group 4: lipopolysaccharide and pentoxifylline were injected simultaneously. Blood samples were collected 6 h after the treatments. In rabbits with endotoxin-induced DIC, platelet count, leukocyte count, percentage of differential leukocyte values, fibrinogen level, antithrombin III (AT-III) and protein C (PC) activity were decreased. Moreover, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) were prolonged when compared to the control group. In conclusion, haemostatic disturbances associated with endotoxin-induced DIC were moderately suppressed by the administration of PTX.     

内毒素对山羊肝脏的病理损伤和654-2的保护效应

通过给山羊静注大肠杆菌内毒素（ＥＴ）诱导ＥＴ休克,探讨ＥＴ休克时山羊肝脏的病理损伤,并观察山莨菪碱（６５４－２）对其影响。结果表明,ＥＴ自理组在注射后５ｈ,肝脏表现出明显的病理变化,特征为实质细胞退行性变化,微血管淤血、有透明血栓形成,血管内有淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞粘聚,且肝脏有明显的超微结构变化。６５４－２能有效地缓解或减轻ＥＴ引起的毒性损伤。     

饲粮添加益生菌对山羊屠宰性能、肉品质和器官发育的影响

为探明饲粮添加益生菌对山羊屠宰性能、肉品质和器官发育的影响,本研究将36只健康、体重相近的2月龄左右努比亚母羊随机分为3组,每组12只羊,试验羊分别饲喂添加0 (试验Ⅰ组)、0.5‰ (试验Ⅱ组)和1.0‰ (试验Ⅲ组)益生菌的基础饲粮,试验期为70 d。结果表明：1) 试验Ⅱ组山羊的胴体重和后腿重显著高于试验Ⅲ组(P < 0.05),试验Ⅱ组山羊的宰前活重、屠宰率和眼肌面积均高于其他两组(P > 0.05)。2) 各组间山羊的肌肉pH、熟肉率、失水率、剪切力和肉色无显著差异(P > 0.05)。3) 试验Ⅲ组山羊的心脏重量和指数显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P < 0.05),但其他指标在各组间无显著差异(P > 0.05)。4) 试验Ⅱ组山羊的十二指肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度(villus height/crypt depth, VH/CD)显著高于试验Ⅲ组(P < 0.05);试验Ⅰ组山羊的空肠隐窝深度显著低于试验Ⅱ组(P < 0.05),而回肠绒毛高度则显著高于试验Ⅲ组(P < 0.05),其他指标在各组间无显著差异(P > 0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加低水平益生菌在一定程度上能够改善山羊的屠宰性能和器官发育。     

Diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation in dogs admitted to an intensive care unit.

OBJECTIVE: To describe and evaluate hemostatic function in critically ill dogs with clinical signs of diseases that predispose to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). DESIGN: Prospective case series. ANIMALS: 59 critically ill dogs (affected dogs) with clinical signs of diseases known to predispose to DIC and 52 clinically normal dogs (control dogs). PROCEDURE: Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin clotting time (TCT), plasma fibrinogen concentration, serum concentration of fibrin and fibrinogen-related antigens (FRA), and plasma antithrombin III (AT III) activity were determined for all dogs. Results from affected dogs were compared with those of control dogs. In some affected dogs, postmortem tissue specimens were examined for evidence of microvascular thrombosis. A diagnosis of DIC was made by fulfilling at least 3 of the following criteria: 1) abnormal aPTT, PT, or TCT value, 2) low plasma fibrinogen concentration, 3) low plasma AT III activity, 4) high serum FRA concentration, or 5) low platelet count. To evaluate the severity of hemostatic dysfunction, 3 arbitrary categories (mild, moderate, and severe) were proposed. RESULTS: A diagnostic strategy based on moderate hemostatic dysfunction identified DIC in 16 of 59 (27.1%) affected dogs. The AT III activity was < 70% in 15 of 16 dogs with DIC. Microvascular thrombosis was observed in tissue specimens from 7 of 8 affected dogs. Serum FRA and plasma fibrinogen concentrations did not contribute in establishing a diagnosis of DIC. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A diagnosis of DIC can be made when hemostatic dysfunction is moderate in dogs with clinical signs of diseases associated with DIC.     

Development of a hamster model of Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection

The purpose of the study was to evaluate haemostatic function in cattle with abomasal displacement (AD) and to reflect the occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Ten adult cattle with left displacement of abomasum (LDA) (group I), 10 adult cattle with right displacement of abomasum with volvulus (RDA) (group II) and 10 clinically healthy adult cattle (control group) were used as material. Numbers of platelets (PLT) and coagulation tests (activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), serum fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs), fibrinogen) were measured before the surgical treatment of cattle with LDA and RDA. APTT was prolonged only in group II compared with the control and group I (p<0.05). However, when the individual values of coagulation profiles of each cow were evaluated, two cattle in group I and three cattle in group II had at least three abnormal coagulation profiles, which reflect the occurrence of DIC. These cattle died after surgical treatment. The two cattle with LDA had abnormal APTT, FDPs and PLT values; three cattle with RDA had abnormal APTT, PT, TT, FDPs and PLT values. APTT (5 cases), FDPs (5 cases) and thrombocytopenia (5 cases) were the three most common abnormal tests on coagulation profile in the cattle with LDA and RDA. The results of the study indicate that cattle with AD had a spectrum of haemostatic dysfunction and that DIC was a significant risk factor for mortality.     

日粮不同非纤维性碳水化合物与中性洗涤纤维的比值对奶山羊瘤胃液和血液中内毒素、组织胺含量的影响

试验旨在研究日粮不同非纤维性碳水化合物/中性洗涤纤维(NFC/NDF)对瘤胃液和血液中内毒素和组织胺含量的影响。选择3只安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的关中奶山羊作为试验动物,采用自身对照试验法,依次饲喂NFC/NDF分别为1.02(Ⅰ组)、1.24(Ⅱ组)、1.63(Ⅲ组)、2.58(Ⅳ组)的4种日粮。结果表明,随着日粮NFC/NDF的提高,瘤胃液中内毒素和组织胺含量随之提高,导致血浆中内毒素和组织胺含量相应增加。当日粮NFC/NDF为2.58时,SARA发生,瘤胃液和血液中内毒素含量随病程发展显著升高(P＜0.05),瘤胃液中组织胺含量也随病程发展显著升高(P＜0.05)。因此,内毒素、组织胺对促进SARA发生、发展起着重要的作用。     

Changes in blood coagulation parameters of red deer (Cervus elaphus) experimentally infected with malignant catarrhal fever

Changes in blood coagulation parameters were followed in four red deer (Cervus elaphus) experimentally infected with malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) of deer. Blood platelet counts, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), one-stage prothrombin time (OSPT), activated clotting time (ACT), plasma anti-thrombin III (ATIII) activity, fibrinogen degradation production (FDP) and fibrinogen levels were measured. Inoculated deer became pyrexic after 17 or 19 days. Thereafter they developed watery diarrhoea which rapidly became haemorrhagic. The course of the clinical disease ranged from four to six days before the animals were killed or died. All inoculated deer developed abnormalities in laboratory parameters of blood coagulation. These varied within and between animals, but the coagulation profiles of all four animals remained abnormal until death. Post-mortem findings included extensive systemic petechiation, severe haemorrhage in the alimentary canal and vasculitis with disseminated thrombosis. Abnormal coagulation parameters included extension of APTT and OSPT, increased FDP, decreased ATIII and platelet counts and increased fibrinogen levels. The increases in fibrinogen were compatible with the acute phase response. The other coagulation abnormalities and haemorrhage and thrombosis were indicative of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with consumption coagulopathy, ACT remained normal in all deer although final clot quality was considered poor.