甘露寡糖对肉鹑肠长度及肠道菌群的影响

选取240只1日龄肉鹑随机分成4组,每组设4个重复,每个重复15只肉鹑。其中第1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,第2~4组为试验组,在基础日粮中分别添加0.5%、1.0%2、.0%的甘露寡糖(MOS)。进行为期50日龄的饲养,分别于35日龄和50日龄采样。试验结果表明,1.0%和2.0%MOS可显著增加35日龄肉鹑小肠长度和十二指肠长度(P<0.05)。1.0%和2.0%MOS组35日龄肉鹑空肠长度和回肠长度显著长于对照组和0.5%MOS组(P<0.05)。各处理组35 d肉鹑空回比均高于对照组,但未达到统计学差异水平(P>0.05)。日粮中添加MOS对50日龄肉鹑肠长度的影响无明显规律,各处理组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。日粮添加0.5%、1.0%2、.0%MOS可显著降低35日龄和50日龄肉鹑回肠内大肠杆菌的数量(P<0.05),随着日粮MOS添加量的增加,回肠内大肠杆菌数量逐渐下降,且1.0%和2.0%MOS添加组回肠内大肠杆菌数量显著低于0.5%MOS添加组(P<0.05)。日粮添加0.5%、1.0%、2.0%MOS可显著提高35日龄和50日龄肉鹑回肠内乳酸杆菌的数量(P<0.05),随着日粮MOS添加量的增加,回肠内乳酸杆菌数量逐渐升高,且2.0%MOS添加组35日龄肉鹑回肠内乳酸杆菌数量显著高于0.5%MOS添加组(P<0.05)。     

饲料中添加果寡糖对鹌鹑生产性能与胆固醇含量的影响

选用1日龄肉用鹌鹑80羽,随机分为对照组(基础日粮)和试验组(基础日粮添加0.1%果寡糖),研究日粮添加果寡糖对肉用鹌鹑生产性能、抗腹泻及血清胆固醇含量的影响。结果表明:试验组鹌鹑的日增重提高,料肉比降低(P0.05),腹泻率降低(P0.05),血清总胆固醇和肉中胆固醇含量分别降低了12.5%(P0.05)和1.9%。说明果寡糖对肉用鹌鹑的生产性能有促进作用,降低肉用鹌鹑腹泻率、血清胆固醇含量和肉中胆固醇的含量。     

月见草对鹌鹑生产性能及不饱和脂肪酸含量的影响

选取健康公母混合的150只1日龄黄羽雏鹌鹑,随机分成5组,每组设3个重复,每个重复10只。试验设对照组,饲喂基础日粮。试验组在基础日粮中分别添加8%、10%、12%和15%的月见草籽,进行为期50 d的饲养,分别于35日龄和50日龄采样。结果表明:在日粮中添加10%以上的月见草籽能够提高鹌鹑的生长发育速度,降低35日龄鹌鹑的料肉比;添加月见草可显著增加鹌鹑肉中不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的含量,改善其品质与风味;日粮中添加10%的月见草,可使鹌鹑肉中ω-6/-ω3比例均衡,降低鹌鹑饲养成本。     

刺五加对鹌鹑生长性能的影响

选用健康、体重均匀的1日龄鹌鹑120只,随机分成4组,每组设3个重复,每个重复10只鹌鹑。其中空白对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组在基础日粮中分别添加刺五加0.2%、0.4%和0.6%,试验期35 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,0.2%的刺五加添加量能显著提高鹌鹑的日增重(P0.05),显著降低料重比(P0.05),对鹌鹑的成活率无显著影响性。     

不同浓度壳寡糖对蛋用鹌鹑免疫功能的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同浓度壳寡糖对蛋用鹌鹑免疫功能的影响。选用1日龄朝鲜鹌鹑240只,随机分为6组,每组2个重复,每个重复20只,即Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.01%、0.05%、0.10%、0.15%和0.20%壳寡糖,试验期为35 d。结果表明,壳寡糖可以显著提高鹌鹑法氏囊指数(P<0.05),极显著提高胸腺指数和脾脏指数(P<0.01);显著提高鹌鹑血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和M(IgM)的含量(P<0.05);可以维持较高的血清新城疫抗体效价(P<0.05),显著提高补体C3含量(P<0.05)。因此,日粮中添加壳寡糖可以促进鹌鹑免疫器官的生长发育,提高机体免疫力,增强抵抗传染病的能力,其中以添加0.05%壳寡糖效果较好。     

活性干酵母对肉鹑生长性能及内脏器官的影响

为研究活性干酵母对肉用鹌鹑生长性能和内脏器官的影响,探讨日粮中添加活性干酵母在鹌鹑生产中的效果,选用1日龄鹌鹑180羽,随机分成4组,每组设3个重复,每个重复15羽鹌鹑。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加0.06%、0.1%、0.2%的活性干酵母。结果表明:日粮添加活性干酵母均可降低14日龄鹌鹑料重比(P<0.05);0.06%活性干酵母可降低25日龄鹌鹑采食量(P<0.05),0.06%和0.2%活性干酵母可降低25日龄鹌鹑料重比(P<0.05),0.2%活性干酵母可增加25日龄鹌鹑体增重(P<0.05);0.06%活性干酵母可增加35日龄鹌鹑体增重(P<0.05),降低35日龄鹌鹑料重比(P<0.05)。活性干酵母各添加组与对照组相比肝脏、脾脏、法氏囊指数差异不显著(P>0.05),0.2%活性干酵母可提高鹌鹑心脏指数(P<0.05);0.1%活性干酵母可提高鹌鹑胰腺指数(P<0.05)。说明饲喂0.06%活性干酵母提高肉鹑生长性能效果最佳,提高活性干酵母浓度后,鹌鹑生长性能影响没有明显变化,但可改善内脏器官指数。     

中草药添加剂对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响

试验采用随机设计,将40只21日龄的健康艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分成4组,分别为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组,每组2个重复,每个重复5只鸡。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组为试验组,分别饲喂添加0.5%、1%、2%中草药添加剂的基础日粮,试验进行35 d,从而研究中草药添加剂对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响,并筛选出中草药添加剂效果最好的剂量。试验结果表明:这3种不同剂量的中草药添加剂均能不同程度地提高了肉仔鸡的平均体重、平均日增重(P<0.05),降低了肉鸡的料肉比(P<0.05),其中以添加1%的效果最佳。     

发酵饲料对饲料及鹌鹑血液和蛋中胆固醇含量的影响

鹌鹑蛋营养丰富,但其可食部分每百克含有胆固醇515 mg,食用过多会损害人体健康。试验旨在研究发酵饲料对鹌鹑蛋中胆固醇含量的影响。试验选用250只8周龄鹌鹑,随机分为5组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只鹌鹑。其中对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、试验Ⅱ、试验Ⅲ、试验Ⅳ,分别饲喂自然法全发酵饲料、添加乳酸菌全发酵饲料、自然法谷物发酵饲料和添加乳酸菌谷物发酵饲料。进行为期40 d的饲养试验。在试验的最后3 d收集鹌鹑蛋,每个重复随机挑选6个,用直接皂化比色法测量蛋黄中的胆固醇含量。试验结果表明,试验Ⅰ、试验Ⅱ组比对照组的胆固醇分别降低2.57%、5.82%,差异不显著(P>0.05),试验Ⅲ组的胆固醇降低7.86%,差异显著(P<0.05),试验Ⅳ组的胆固醇比对照组降低了12.75%,差异极显著(P<0.01)。因此,试验组的胆固醇比对照组的胆固醇均有降低,其中试验Ⅳ组降低程度最明显。     

甘露寡糖和益生菌对肉仔鸡生产性能和肠道菌群的影响

试验研究了同时在日粮中添加甘露寡糖和益生菌对肉仔鸡生产性能和肠道菌群的影响,旨在寻找能够替代抗生素的绿色添加剂.选择1日龄的健康AA肉仔鸡400只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复.第1组为对照组,喂基础日粮,第2、3、4组分别在基础日粮中添加0.1%甘露寡糖、0.1%益生菌、0.1%甘露寡糖+0.1%益生菌.结果表明,与对...     

β-甘露聚糖酶对肉鸡免疫机能的影响

试验选择健康、体重相近1日龄AA肉仔鸡384羽(公母各半),公母分开饲养,公母各设4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每重复12羽。处理Ⅰ为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,处理Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组为β-甘露聚糖酶添加组,在基础日粮的基础上分别添加0.03%、0.06%、0.1%的β-甘露聚糖酶。试验期为6周,测定肉鸡免疫机能指标。结果表明,日粮中添加不同水平的β-甘露聚糖酶对肉鸡免疫器官指数没有显著影响,性别因素对其也无影响。而日粮中添加不同水平的β-甘露聚糖酶可以提高肉鸡血清中IgA、IgG的含量,而性别因素对其无影响。与对照组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组IgA含量分别提高了17.14%(P<0.05)、51.43%(P<0.01)和34.28%(P<0.01);IgG含量分别提高了23.96%(P<0.05)、36.28%(P<0.01)和28.99%(P<0.01),但对血清IgM含量没有显著影响。综合考虑,在本试验设计的添加范围内,添加水平为0.06%时,血清IgA、IgG含量最高。     

日粮添加黄芪多糖对蛋鸡机体抗氧化能力和鸡蛋品质的影响

选用540只27周龄海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为4个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复27只鸡。采用单因素完全随机分组设计,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂在基础日粮中分别添加100、200、300mg／kg黄芪多糖的日粮,试验期为70d,探讨日粮中添加不同水平的黄芪多糖对蛋鸡机体抗氧化能力和鸡蛋品质的影响。结果显示：黄芪多糖能不同程度地提高（P〈0．05）血清和蛋黄SOD、血清GSH—Px和T-AOC活性,显著降低（P〈0．05）血清和蛋黄MDA含量、蛋黄胆固醇质量浓度。随着受试时间的延长,各组内血清sOD活性显著升高（P〈0．05）,血清MDA含量和T-AOC活性显著降低（P〈0．05）;对照组的蛋黄MDA含量显著升高（P〈0．05）,而血清GsH—Px活性显著降低（P〈0．05）。结果表明,黄芪多糖能改善蛋鸡机体及其产品抗氧化能力,对蛋黄胆固醇质量浓度有降低作用。     

不同水平枯草芽孢杆菌对鹌鹑内脏器官及小肠发育的影响

选用健康1日龄黄羽雏鹑80只,随机分成4组,每组设2个重复,每个重复10只。1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,2、3、4组为试验组,在基础日粮中分别添加0.05%、0.1%、0.2%的枯草芽孢杆菌制剂。结果表明:各处理组与对照组相比胰腺鲜重都有减小趋势,且0.1%组胰腺鲜重与对照组的相比差异显著(P<0.05);0.05%组脾脏干重与对照组的相比差异显著(P<0.05);0.1%组和0.2%组胰腺干重与对照组的相比显著降低(P<0.05);芽胞杆菌对空肠,回肠以及十二指肠未见明显影响(P>0.05)。     

寡果糖对肉用鹌鹑生产性能,脂肪代谢利用分泌机能的影响

６０只１７日龄肉用鹌鹑被随机分为对照组和试验组,分别饲喂基础日粮和添加０．９６％寡果糖日粮,研究寡果糖对肉用鹌鹑生产性能、脂肪代谢及内分泌机能的影响。结果发现：试验组鹌鹑的增重和饲料利用率提高;腹脂重、脂肪表现代谢率和血清总胆固醇浓度降低;血液中三碘甲腺原氨酸（Ｔ３）和胰岛素样生长因子（ＩＧＦ－Ｉ）水平显著提高。     

不同水平月见草籽对育雏期鹌鹑屠宰性能的影响

本试验旨在研究不同水平月见草籽对育雏期鹌鹑屠宰性能的影响。选择150羽1日龄鹌鹑,随机分成5组,每组3个重复,每个重复10羽鹌鹑,第1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;第2~5组为试验组,在基础日粮上分别添加8%、10%、12%、15%的月见草籽(磨碎),进行为期35 d的饲养试验。结果表明,与对照组相比,添加不同水平的月见草籽对育雏期鹌鹑屠宰性能无不良影响(P＞0.05);添加月见草籽的试验组鹌鹑屠体重、全净膛率、胸肌率数值均比对照组高;添加月见草籽的试验组鹌鹑心脏、肝脏、脾脏、法氏囊指数与对照组相比无显著差异(P＞0.05)。因此,月见草籽可作为禽类早期饲料中一种安全型添加剂。     

Effect of low‐ or high‐CP diet with cold‐pressed oil supplementation on growth,immunity and antioxidant indices of growing quail

This study was to investigate the effect of dietary protein levels and supplementation with two cold‐pressed oils on the performance, immunity and antioxidant indices of growing Japanese quails. A 3 × 4 factorial experiment, using 3 dietary crude protein (CP) levels (22%, 24% and 26%) and 4 supplemental herbal oils levels: control without additives, 250 mg marjoram (Mar), 250 mg thyme (Thy) and 125 mg Mar + 125 mg Thy per kg diet. A total of 720 unsexed, 7‐day‐old quail chicks were randomly distributed into twelve treatment groups (4 replicates per group of 15 chicks in each). The live body weight (LBW) on 42 days and body weight gain (BWG) from 7 to 42 days were significantly improved (p < 0.01 and 0.05) in chicks fed 24% or 26% CP compared with those of the 22% CP group. The groups fed diets supplemented with Mar or in combination with Thy oil exhibited significantly better LBW, BWG and feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the control at all periods except BWG from 21 to 42 days and FCR from 7 to 21 days were not significant. Feed intake was gradually decreased with increasing dietary CP level or adding herbal oils during the periods 21–42 and 7–42 days of age. Plasma triglycerides, cholesterol, total lipids and malondialdehyde were decreased by cold‐pressed oils supplementation, but the activity of reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase was increased (p < 0.01) compared with the control. In conclusion, quails fed a diet containing 24% or 26% CP or diets supplemented with Mar or Thy oils or both exhibited improvement in the performance, lipid profile, immunity and antioxidant capacity without any detrimental impacts on the other studied parameters.     

Physiological performance of quails that underwent dietary and pharmacological manipulation of cholesterol

The present work evaluated whether dietary and pharmacological interference on cholesterol synthesis were capable of inducing alterations in blood and yolk cholesterol levels and the secretion of corticosterone metabolites. Forty‐five 40‐day‐old quails were divided into three experimental groups: vegetal fat diet, 2% beef fat (tallow) diet and vegetal fat diet with simvastatin administration (3.13 mg/kg/day). During all experiments, the animal weights and food consumption were recorded and blood and faecal samples (days 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60), as well as eggs (days 30, 45 and 60), were collected. Analysis of serum and yolk cholesterol was performed and faecal corticosterone levels were measured. No differences were observed on blood cholesterol or faecal corticosterone between all treatments, despite a tendency of increased cholesterol in the group with the animal fat diet. However, quails submitted to an animal fat diet displayed an increase in yolk cholesterol at day 30 of the treatment and the egg yolks of quails treated with simvastatin exhibited a decrease in cholesterol content by the end of the treatment at 60 days. These results improved the knowledge regarding the physiology of quails and offered support to other studies concerning the consequences of the pharmacological treatment and the dietary manipulation of cholesterol levels.     

Effect of different dietary levels of Yucca schidigera powder on the performance,blood parameters and egg yolk cholesterol of laying quails

A total of 135 laying quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica), 9 weeks old, were divided into three dietary treatment groups. Three replicates were assigned to each treatment group consisting of 15 birds per cage. The diet was supplemented with 0, 100 and 200 ppm Yucca schidigera powder and given ad libitum to the quails for a period of 14 weeks. Body weight, egg production, feed consumption and feed efficiency were not different due to dietary treatments among the groups. Increased egg weight was determined in the control group. Yucca powder supplementation decreased serum glucose, cholesterol triglyceride level in laying quails. Serum total protein concentration was not changed by dietary treatments but albumin level was decreased in quails fed 100 ppm yucca powder. Egg yolk cholesterol concentration was not significantly different among the groups but tended to decline (11.5%) as a result of yucca supplementation. Red Blood Cell (RBC) and White Blood Cell (WBC) counts, packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) were not affected by supplementation of yucca powder. However, haemoglobin (HB) concentration was slightly increased and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was significantly increased by 200 ppm yucca powder supplementation to the diet.