松乳菇半人工栽培

松乳菇Ｌａｃｔａｒｉｕｓ　ｄｅｌｉｃｉｏｓｕｓ，属红菇科乳菇属，又名美味松乳菇、松树蘑、松菌等，是一种深受欢迎的美味食用菌。由于松乳菇常与松树形成菌根，人工栽培难度大，人工驯化栽培很少报导。现将本人的一些经验介绍如下。 一．形态特征 松乳菇菌盖宽４～１０ｃｍ，早期扁半球形，中部四下显脐肚状，伸展后上翘，边缘内卷后平展；湿润时粘，有颜色明显的同心环带，虾仁色、胡萝卜黄色。菇体受伤变绿色，特别是菌盖边缘部分变绿显著；菌肉初期白色，后变胡萝卜黄色至肉色，乳汁桔红至酱红色，后变绿色味道稍辛辣。菌褶与菌盖同…     

资兴市红汁乳菇生态调查

资兴市红汁乳菇生态调查（湖南省郴州地区生物研究所４２３０００）李刚，李玲玲红汁乳菇Ｌａｃｔａｕｉｕｓｈａｔｓｕ－ｄａｋｔ．俗名松菌、铜绿菌，是一种树木菌根真菌。它的营养丰富，味香可口，而且有防治心血管疾病和抗癌作用，对小鼠肉瘤的抑制率达１００％，对艾...     

中国药用真菌的现状和种质资源

1186　湿乳菇(稀褶乳菇)ＬａｃｔａｒｉｕｓｈｙｇｒｏｇｐｈｏｒｏｉｄｅｓＢｅｒｋｅｔＣｕｒｔ.44,468,470,5513,5820,7103,14268,17563,21448,29851,29943,产于辽宁(清源、新民)、云南(会泽、景东、禄劝、禄丰、漾濞),生于松林和混交林中地上,子实体提取物对肉瘤Ｓ—180和艾氏腹水癌有抗癌活性。1187　多汁乳菇(谷熟菌、红奶浆菌)Ｌ.ｖｏｌｅｍｕｓＦｒ.1005,4341,6304,6313,产于吉林(安图、永吉、珲春)、云南(牟定),生于松林和混交林中地上,子实体提取物对肉瘤Ｓ—180和艾氏腹水癌均有抗癌活性。1188　浓香乳菇(香乳菇、奶浆菌)Ｌ.ｃａ…     

贵州紫铜色松乳菇生态环境的调查

紫铜色松乳菇与橙色松乳菇在形态上基本相似,只是在颜色、乳汁、气味、口感有些区别;紫铜色松乳菇发生的环境和伴生植物与橙色松乳菇完全相同,都是在马尾松和栎树混交林中,并且在松林不太高,散射光较强的环境发生较多;但两者发生的温度有差别,紫铜色松乳菇原基的形成要求的温度低一些。     

黄山地区松乳菇的生态分布和生态环境调查

调查了黄山地区松乳菇的生态分布、发生期、生态环境、松乳菇的发生与共生林木的关系、以及松乳菇发生地的区域性，并提出了松乳菇生态资源保护和开发的初步意见。     

不同培养基栽培柳树菇试验

不同培养基栽培柳树菇试验欧阳曾，严龙生（福建漳州大学３６３０００）（福建龙海后坂菌种场３６３１００）柳树菇又名杨柳田头菇（Ａｇｒｏｃｙｂｅｓａｌｉｃａｃｏｌａ）是一种生于柳树属树干或树桩的木腐菌，具有柄脆嫩、色诱人、香浓郁、鲜美的特点。与柱状田头菇（...     

松乳菇人工栽培研究进展及张家界栽培潜力分析

松乳菇是一种深受大众喜爱的菌根食用菌。对松乳菇人工栽培的研究进展进行了综述,并对张家界栽培松乳菇潜力作了初步分析。     

不同培养基对松乳菇菌丝生长的影响

本文对松乳菇菌丝在不同培养基上的生长情况进行了研究。结果表明：松乳菇菌丝生长初始酸碱度以pH6．5～7．0为宜；加入松乳菇发生地土壤及干松针浸出液对松乳菇菌丝生长有促进作用；而干栎树叶及发生地腐殖层浸出液对松乳菇菌丝的生长没有促进作用。     

江西省吉安地区野生松乳菇半人工栽培初探

正松乳菇因其具有鲜美的味道及提高造林先锋树种马尾松的成活率,而深受人们亲睐。松乳菇属于菌根菌难以进行人工栽培。松乳菇2008年首次在新西兰吉斯伯恩市的森林里进行商业化栽培并取得成功。国内浙江丽水市林科院、陈元昌等单位和个人对松乳菇及红汁乳菇进行过栽培尝试,均表现菌丝期过长或产量低。江西吉安地区市场上的松乳菇大部分为野生,市场售价不断上升,2011年10元/kg左右,2015年,达到22~32元/kg。笔者在吉安当地进行了野生松乳     

苏联野生食用菌加工技术

三、盐腌适宜盐腌的菇类有松乳菇、香乳菇、毛头乳菇、绒乳菇、红菇和臭黄菇等。过熟菇、蛆菇、不新鲜菇不宜盐腌,不同种类的野生食用菌不能混腌,干法腌菇获得优质的产品。采用三种方法加工盐菇:干腌法(松乳菇),冷腌法(香乳菇、短柄红菇、毛头乳菇、绒乳菇、波缘乳菇、臭黄菇),热腌法(所有菇类皆宜)。 (一)干腌法。干法腌松乳菇时,预先需分级、精选、去杂、细洗、淋干。在桶底先撒一薄层盐,菌盖向下放置,菇层厚不超     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.