冬虫夏草深层发酵的研究

通过时冬虫夏草菌（ＣｏｒｄｙｃｅｐｓＳｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）的深层发酵条件如ｐＨ、培养温度、接种量及转速的探讨及对深层发酵培养基碳氮源和无机盐的筛选，确定了其深层培养所需条件及最佳碳氮源和无机盐。实验结果表明：冬虫夏草菌深层发酵的最适培养条件应为２４℃、２００ｒ／ｍｉｎ、ｐＨ５．０左右，接种量５～１５％，菌丝生长的最佳碳源为葡萄糖，最佳氮源为蛋白和氨基酸复合粉，最佳无机盐为磷酸二氢钾、硫酸镁和氯化钙。     

灵芝富锗培养研究

本文对灵芝ＴＷ的富锗液体深层培养进行了研究，结果表明：灵芝ＴＷ富锗能力较强，添加１００～３０００ｐｐｍ范围内的Ｇｅ－１３２，在２６℃，１３０ｒｐｍ条件下培养９６小时富集锗的范围为０．４３７ｍｇ／ｇ～７．８２２ｍｇ／ｇ；Ｇｅ－１３２能促进ＴＷ灵芝菌丝体对还原糖的利用并提高菌丝体收率；Ｇｅ－１３２对ＴＷ灵芝发酵的ｐＨ值、发酵周期及蛋白质含量没有影响，发酵终点ｐＨ值为４．５～４．９之间，发酵周期为９６小时，发酵终点蛋白质含量在３１．２％～３５．６％之间。     

富硒灵芝茶菌保健饮料的研制

以富硒灵芝和茶叶为原料，接入红茶菌，经发酵制成风味独特的保健饮料。结果表明，当砂糖加量5％时，富硒灵芝加量不宜大于3％，富硒灵芝与绿茶配比品质更佳。发酵时红茶菌的接种量5％，发酵温度30℃，发酵时间5～8d。     

加镧液体培养灵芝菌丝富集有机硒的研究

研究了稀土元素镧（La）对灵芝菌丝体富集有机硒的影响。结果表明,镧能有效促进灵芝菌丝富集有机硒,当发酵培养基中镧的添加浓度为100mg／L时,菌丝产量和硒转化率最高。正交试验结果表明,各因素中对灵芝菌丝体富硒影响最大的是镧浓度,其次是硒浓度、培养时间和pH值,最佳发酵条件是镧浓度100mg／L,硒浓度100mg／L,pH值4．5,培养时间7d,在此条件下菌丝体产量47．3g／L,硒转化率88．1％。     

硒化灵芝液体发酵的初步研究

采用正交试验对影响灵芝富硒能力的几个参数如摇床转速、培养温度、pH等进行优化。结果表明,灵芝能在含有低质量浓度亚硒酸钠100mg/kg的培养基中生长,并能在菌丝体内富集硒。当培养温度30℃、pH7.5、摇床转速160r/min,培养7d,在优化的发酵条件下,试验结果为富硒灵芝菌丝体生物量为40.6g/L,菌丝体硒含量为1572.89μg/g,总富硒量为63859.17μg/L。     

金针菇WF菌株深层发酵工艺的研究

金针菇ＷＦ（Ｆｌａｍｍｎｌｉｎａｖｅｌｕｔｉｐｅｓ）菌株是我们从区内收集和分离的１０个菌株中,经筛选获得的一株适合深层发酵的高产优质菌株。本文报道了适宜发酵培养基,摇瓶发酵条件,结果表明,其适宜发酵培养液,玉米２％,蔗糖２％,ＫＨ２ＰＯ４０．３％,ＭｇＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ０．１５％,适宜的摇瓶发酵条件为：培养温度２０～２２℃,培养基起始ｐＨ６．０～６．２,摇瓶转速１４０～１６０ｒ／ｍｉｎ,菌丝体干收率３．０％（Ｗ／Ｖ）为工业化生产发酵菌丝体准备了良好的条件。     

灵芝液体富硒深层培养时间与菌丝产量及品质的关系

目的:研究灵芝液体富硒深层培养时间与产量及品质的关系,寻求最佳培养时间,达到最优品质和最高产量;方法:试验设四处理,间隔5 d测定各处理生物产量、多糖、三萜化合物和硒含量;结果:随着培养时间的延长,灵芝生物产量提高,多糖和三萜化合物含量以及硒含量也相应提高,但品种间差异较大,生物产量与多糖含量相差近1倍,硒含量相差三分之一。结论:灵芝液体富硒深层培养时间以2周为宜。     

猴头菌液体发酵条件的研究

本文报道了猴头菌适宜的液体发酵条件及发酵培养基。结果表明：猴头菌适宜发酵条件为：培养温度２５～２８℃,培养基起始ｐＨ５０～６０,摇瓶装量１００～１２０ｍＬ／５００ｍＬ,振荡频率１５０～１８０ｒ／ｍｉｎ,种子培养时间３～４ｄ,接种量１０％～１５％。适宜的发酵培养基为：小麦粉３％,酵母粉３％,ＫＨ２ＰＯ４０１％,ＭｇＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ００５％,ＶＢ１２０μｇ／１００ｍＬ,ＶＢ２２０μｇ／１００ｍＬ。     

四种食用菌富硒能力的比较研究

研究了金针菇、香菇、猴头菌和灵芝在液体深层培养中的富硒能力。测定了不同硒浓度(从10μg/g～500μg/g)下四种食用菌的生长状况及最大富硒能力;研究了四种食用菌在富硒深层培养中菌丝干重、还原糖及菌丝内有机硒含量的变化。分析结果表明,四种食用菌都有不同程度的富硒能力,灵芝的富硒能力最强,是其他三种食用菌的10～20倍,对硒的耐受能力可达500μg/g,菌丝内有机硒含量最高达8000μg/g。     

食用蕈菌天然食品防腐剂发酵工艺的研究

将从食用蕈菌筛选出来的天然食品防腐剂生产菌Ｅ．Ｆ．１５和Ｅ．Ｆ．４２分别进行深层发酵,用既定筛选模型系统的跟踪模型逐一测试其发酵产物的抑菌效价。梯度试验结果表明,Ｅ．Ｆ．１５和Ｅ．Ｆ．４２的最适发酵周期,最适发酵温度,发酵液最适起始ｐＨ,摇床最适转速,发酵液最适装量和最适接种量（ｖ／ｖ）,分别为６ｄ,２５～３０℃,７．０～７．５,１５０ｒ／ｍｉｎ,２００ｍＬ（５００ｍＬ三角瓶）和１５％。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.