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五种蒿属植物对舞毒蛾的毒力测定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
首先采用3种提取方法对黄花蒿、大籽蒿、蒙古蒿、猪毛蒿、野艾蒿5种蒿属植物进行了有效物质的提取,通过初步毒力测定筛选出了一种较好的提取方法为超声波提取法,然后采用超声波提取法进一步用丙酮、乙醇、石油醚、三氯甲烷4种溶剂对5种植物进行有效物质的提取,进行触杀试验、胃毒试验和拒食试验,结果如下:大籽蒿、黄花蒿、猪毛蒿具有较强的触杀作用,粗提物浓度为10mg/mL时,触杀杀虫活性以大籽蒿三氯甲烷的粗提物最高,其72h的校正死亡率为73.33%。胃毒杀虫活性普遍不高,最高的为猪毛蒿丙酮粗提物,其72h校正死亡率也仅为40%。拒食活性就溶剂而言,三氯甲烷活性较高。就植物而言,以野艾蒿为最好,其乙醇、三氯甲烷、石油醚、丙酮粗提物24h拒食率分别达到68.98%、75.84%、78.58%、70.26%,48h的拒食率分别达到75.30%、87.67%、89.33%、80.31%。 相似文献
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红火蚁Solenopsis invicta是入侵我国的重要害虫。利用索氏提取器提取红背桂Excoecaria cochinchinensis、马樱丹Lantana camara、夹竹桃Nerium indicum、黄花夹竹桃Thevetia peruviana和黄婵Allemanda neriifolia的杀虫活性物质,并测定了这些提取物对红火蚁的毒杀活性。结果表明:5种植物提取物均对红火蚁产生杀虫毒性,随着提取物浓度的升高,红火蚁死亡率升高;同一种植物提取物各浓度作用下的红火蚁死亡率间均有显著差异;毒力测定显示5种植物对红火蚁24 h毒力由高到低依次为黄婵、黄花夹竹桃、红背桂、马樱丹、夹竹桃,致死中浓度LD50分别是61.3477,89.9868,95.8682,110.9066,176.7998 mg/m L。 相似文献
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苦楝提取物的提取及其抑菌活性的研究 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
对苦楝提取物的提取及提取物对真菌的抑菌活性进行了研究。考察了提取剂种类、提取温度、提取时间、提取次数、料液比等因素对苦楝素提取的影响。结果表明:苦楝素优选提取条件为:以60%乙醇为提取剂,料液比1:9,在60℃条件下提取4次、每次80min,苦楝素的得率为1.08%。用苦楝树皮和果实的不同溶剂的提取物对两种真菌(黑曲霉、绿色木霉)进行抑菌试验,结果发现苦楝树皮和果实不同浓度的提取物的抑菌活性有很大区别;不同溶剂提取物的抑菌活性也不同。从整体看苦楝树皮提取物对供试菌的抑制效果比苦楝果实好。苦楝树皮乙醇提取物对两种供试菌的生物活性最强,对绿色木霉和黑曲霉有很好的抑菌活性。最低抑菌浓度的试验表明:苦楝树皮乙醇提取液对绿色木霉和黑曲霉的最低抑菌浓度均为0.5%,其中甲醇提取物对绿色木霉和黑曲霉的最低抑菌浓度为2%。 相似文献
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木麻黄树皮提取物的清除羟自由基活性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
考察了4种木麻黄树皮水提取物的化学组成及其对绝对分子质量分布的影响因素,用邻二氮菲-Fe2+氧化法测定了不同树种和不同溶剂提取物对羟自由基的清除率.结果表明,不同提取溶剂对木麻黄树皮提取物组成、绝对分子质量分布影响较大.盐酸-丙酮-水溶液(HAW,1.0%盐酸与丙酮溶液质量比7∶3)作提取溶剂可大幅提高提取物的总固形物和多酚含量.应用激光散射-凝胶渗透色谱(SEC)技术测得山地木麻黄树皮HAW提取物的绝对分子质量为5×102~2×105.木麻黄提取物清除羟自由基的活性高,质量浓度为2g/L的山地木麻黄树皮HAW提取物对羟自由基的清除率高达81.6%.提取物的组成影响其清除羟自由基活性. 相似文献
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以苍耳根、茎、叶作为试验材料,以丙酮、80%乙醇、乙酸乙酯、蒸馏水作为提取溶剂,利用滤纸片法研究了苍耳不同器官4种不同溶剂提取液对2种细菌和1种真菌的抑菌活性,结果表明:苍耳各器官的不同溶剂提取液抑菌效果不同。对溶剂来说,苍耳叶丙酮、乙酸乙酯提取液对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌圈直径分别达16.32mm、15.66mm,叶的乙酸乙酯提取液对苹果轮纹病菌的抑菌圈直径达15.64mm,4种不同溶剂提取液的总体抑菌活性由大到小依次为丙酮、乙酸乙酯、80%乙醇、蒸馏水;对不同器官来说,苍耳各器官提取液抑菌效果由大到小依次为叶、根、茎,尤以叶的丙酮提取液抑菌效果最佳,乙酸乙酯次之。苍耳叶的丙酮、乙酸乙酯提取液对枯草芽孢杆菌、苹果轮纹病菌均表现为较强的抑菌活性,但对大肠杆菌的抑菌活性较弱。 相似文献
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Insecticidal activities and active components of the alcohol extract from green peel of Juglans mandshurica 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The extract of green peel of Juglans mandshurica Maxim was extracted by common method for studying its insecticidal activities and analyzing the active components. Results showed that the alcohol extract and the chloroform part of extract (separated with chloroform from alcohol extract) form green peel of J. mandshurica have insecticidal activities in contact toxicity and stomach toxicity against larvae of Lymantria dispar L.. After application of the extracts for five days, the corrected mortality of larvae of Lymantria dispar for both extracts was more than 50% in contact toxicity and stomach toxicity at the concentration of ≥ 5 g·L^-1. The insecticidal activity for both alcohol extract and chloroform part of extract is more effect in contact toxicity than in stomach toxicity, but no significant difference in the insecticidal activities was found between alcohol extract and chloroform part of extract. The active components in the chloroform part of extract from green peel of.J. mandshurica were analyzed by GC-MS. The analyzed results showed that the active components in the chloroform part of extract are: (1) joglone (5-hydroxy-1,4- naphthaoquinone), the relative content 27.11%, (2) 1,5-Naphthalenediol, the relative content 9.52%, (3) 7-Methoxy-1-tetralone, the relative content 6.81%, (4) Benzofuran, 2,3-dihydro-, the relative content 6.76%, (5) 4-Hydroxy-2-methoxycinnamaldehyde, the relative content 3.99%, (6) 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol, the relative content 3.05%. 相似文献
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The extract from leaves of Rhododendron dauricum L. was extracted with 95% alcohol by common method for studying its insecticidal activities. The chemical components of the alcohol extract and relative contents were analyzed by GC-MS. The insecticidal activities of the alcohol extract were tested on the 2nd?3rd instar larvae of Lymantria dispar L. for five days. Five concentrations of the extract samples were designed as 50, 10, 5, 1, and 0.5 g?L?1. The results show that the alcohol extracts from leaves of R. dauricum exhibited insecticidal activities against larvae of L. dispar. The corrected mortality of larvae of L. dispar for was over 50% for both contact toxicity and stomach toxicity at the extract concentration of ≥ 5 g·L?1 after five days of application. The insecticidal activity in contact toxicity is more effect than stomach toxicity for the alcohol extract. Twenty compounds, with total GC relative contents of 93.81% in the alcohol extract from leaves of R. dauricum were identified. The main chemical components in the extract are: (1) 4,5-Dihydro-5-oxo-3-(p-tolyl) isoxazole, with a relative content of 40.03%; (2) 1,3-Benzenediol, 5-methyl-2-(3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10- dodecatrienyl)-, (E,E)-, the relative content 18.27%; (3) 3,6-Diphenyl- 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-1,8-acridinedione, the relative content 3.89%; (4) 6H-[1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5-a]indole, 4a,5,7,8,8a,9-hexahydro-9- methylene-, the relative content 2.99%; (5) 7-Amino-4-methyl-1,8- naphthyridin-2-ol, the relative content 2.64%; (6) 4-Methyl-2,6- dihydroxyquinoline, the relative content 2.63%; (7) 2,4,6- Triaminoquinazoline, the relative content 2.27%; (8) 2(1H)-Quinolinone, 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-, the relative content 2.02%. 相似文献
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为筛选异色瓢虫的适宜饲料,观察比较了菜缢管蚜、麦蛾卵和人工饲料对异色瓢虫生长发育的影响。结果显示:菜缢管蚜饲养的异色瓢虫发育最快,世代历期为25.3d,产卵前期为11.0d,平均单雌产卵量为929.3粒;麦蛾卵饲养的世代历期为39.5d,产卵前期为18.2d,平均单雌产卵量为391.9粒;人工饲料饲养的世代历期为44.9d,产卵前期为17.2d,平均单雌产卵量为262.3粒。由此表明,菜缢管蚜的饲养效果最好,麦蛾卵和人工饲料虽能满足异色瓢虫世代营养的需求,但发育历期明显延长、产卵量明显下降。因此,在天然食物蚜虫不足时,麦蛾卵和人工饲料可作为补充饲料。 相似文献
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以甲醇、乙醇、氯仿和蒸馏水为溶剂获得的4种紫穗槐提取液,对沙地害虫大皱鳃金龟子进行了活性测定。结果表明:乙醇提取液(100mg/mL )对大皱鳃金龟子毒杀活性最强,氯仿提取液次之,蒸馏水和甲醇提取液在4种提取液中活性最差;紫穗槐4种溶剂提取液对大皱鳃金龟子均有一定的触杀作用,但是活性均不高。 相似文献
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55%林丹胶悬液对竹蝗的毒力测定 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文测定了55%林丹胶悬液对3龄黄脊竹蝗(CeracrisKiangsuTsai)的胃毒毒力和触杀毒力,结果表明:林丹的杀虫作用是胃毒,致死中量LD50为4.187μg/g;用500×10-6、1500×10-6、3000×1O-6、4500×10-6的药剂点滴竹蝗头、胸部之间的节间膜,竹蝗死亡率为0-5%。 相似文献
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Palial Shivani Kumar Sarwan Atri Chhaya Sharma Sanjula Banga Surinder S. 《Journal of pest science》2022,95(2):749-760
Journal of Pest Science - Lipaphis erysimi is a key pest of rapeseed-mustard in Indian subcontinent. Although chemical control is the basis of its management, the unsustainability of this approach... 相似文献
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桉叶抗氧化物的提取与抗氧化性质研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以广林9号桉叶粉为材料,通过单因素和正交实验,确定最佳提取条件为50%乙醇、料液比1:20、50℃提取1h;抗氧化稳定性研究表明:光照、空气和温度对提取物抗氧化活性均有较大的影响,而pH值对其影响较小;对酚类物质的含量进行测定,表明提取物中酚类物质的含量与抗氧化效果成正相关;以有机溶剂对上述提取物进行萃取,抗氧化效果为正丁醇萃取物〉乙酸乙酯萃取物〉水萃取物〉石油醚萃取物;然后比较了不同浓度乙醇作为洗脱剂对正丁醇萃取物分离的影响,以50%和70%乙醇洗脱成分活性最强。 相似文献