DP防霉剂对竹材防霉效果的研究

DP防霉剂是近年新开发的高效低毒的药剂,经对竹材防霉效果的试验,采用DP水溶液具有较好的防霉效果,药液使用浓度以0.5—1.0％为佳,浸渍处理时间以1—3小时以上为宜。根据试验结果,DP防霉剂在竹材防霉方面有希望代替目前使用面较广而毒性较大的五氯酚钠。     

几种防霉剂对丛生竹防霉效果研究

采用4种不同防霉剂(CCA/SMR、DDAC/IPBC、NCM/IPBC和NCM)对丛生竹梁山慈竹进行防霉处理,研究了防霉剂种类、防霉处理工艺对竹材防霉效果的影响,同时对3种防霉效果检测方法包括实验室培养皿法、野外遮荫法和野外暴露法进行了对比。研究结果表明,本试验条件下CCA/SMR和NCM防霉剂的防霉效果约为2个月,使用浓度分别为1.5%/0.3%和5.0%,可用于竹材贮存、运输、加工过程中的防霉;混合防霉剂DDAC/IPBC和NCM/IPBC的防霉效果更好,可考虑用于竹制品使用过程中的防霉;采用加压处理工艺的竹材,其防霉效果明显优于浸泡处理工艺;3种防霉效果测试方法得出的处理竹材的防霉结果基本一致,但测试的侧重点、针对的霉菌种类和环境影响因素有所不同。对于户外用竹制品防霉效果的测试,以野外暴露测试为主;室内用竹制品或竹材贮运过程中的防霉效果的测试,以实验室培养皿和野外遮荫法测试为主。     

竹材防霉研究现状及展望

竹材是我国重要的产业资源,大力开发竹资源对缓解木材供需矛盾、促进竹材优化利用、实现乡村振兴、减排固碳等具有重要意义。然而,竹材富含淀粉、蛋白质、糖类等营养物质,且具有吸湿性,极易发生霉变,使其使用价值降低甚至丧失,导致巨大的经济损失。因此,竹材防霉处理对竹材利用具有重要意义。近年来,国内外对于竹材防霉研究的关注度越来越高,新型防霉剂和新技术不断涌现,且随着节能减排和绿色环保理念的不断深化,发展方向更趋向于高效、环保、低毒或无毒、低成本。尽管许多防霉剂表现出优良的防霉性能,但仍存在流失率高、易挥发、易氧化降解等问题,尤其不利于户外使用。因此,竹材长效防霉已经成为竹材防霉的一个重要研究方向。为全面把握竹材防霉研究进展,对竹材和竹制品霉变原因进行了总结,重点针对近年来典型防霉处理技术及新型防霉剂进行了综述,对其作用机制进行了分析,并从工艺角度对现有竹材长效防霉策略进行了总结分析,最后对竹材防霉研究存在的问题及发展趋势进行了分析。     

用TMO处理竹地板材的防霉效果研究

通过ＴＭＯ防霉剂对竹材霉菌毒性试验和对毛竹地板材进行不同工艺的防霉处理后的抗霉效力测定试验,结果表明：ＴＭＯ防霉剂对霉菌的毒性较高,地板材经０７％药液用Ｉ、Ｊ、Ｋ处理工艺防霉后就能达到较好的防霉效果。     

竹材霉变与防霉处理

本文介绍了竹材霉变及防霉作用机理,主要防霉剂及其选择与使用方法,防霉效果评价方法与影响防霉效果的主要因素及今后的研究方向。     

γ射线辐照对竹材防霉性能的影响

利用(60)CO源的γ射线对竹材进行辐照处理,研究辐照前后竹材防霉性能的变化规律,并分析γ射线改善竹材防霉性能的机理.研究结果表明,随着辐照剂量的增加,竹材的防霉效果明显提高.     

竹材防霉研究概况及其展望

竹材的霉变给竹材及竹制品生产、销售部门造成了严重的经济损失,并限制了竹材的应用领域,竹材防霉一直是竹材生产及加工部门急需解决的问题。本文从竹材霉菌及其特性、竹材防霉剂的种类、防霉处理方法及防霉效果评定方法等方面介绍了国内外研究概况,并指出竹材防霉研究中存在的问题及发展趋势,旨在使人们对竹材霉菌及防霉有一个较为全面、系统的了解,研究出更为科学的综合性防霉技术。     

用TMO处理竹地板材的防雷效果研究

通过ＴＭＯ防霉剂对竹材霉菌毒和对试验和对毛竹板材进行了不同工所防霉处理后的抗霉效力测定试验，结果表明：ＴＭＯ防霉剂对霉菌的毒性较高，地板材经０．７％药液用Ｉ、Ｊ、Ｋ处理工艺防霉后就能达到较邹的防霉效果。     

竹材防霉处理技术现状与展望

霉变会降低竹材及其制品的使用价值和经济价值,开展竹材防霉处理技术的研究与应用具有十分重要的现实意义与发展前景。从竹材霉变基础性研究、竹材传统防霉处理技术和新型防霉处理技术三个方面,论述了竹材防霉处理技术现状,并提出了竹材防霉处理技术的发展方向。     

高温油热处理对竹材淀粉含量及防霉性能的影响

为了探索高温油热处理改性工艺对5年生新鲜毛竹材淀粉含量及防霉性能的影响,研究采用甲基硅油为加热介质,在不同热处理时间(2,4和6 h)和不同热处理温度(140,160,180和200℃)条件下对毛竹进行高温油热处理。利用分光光度计法测量竹材中的淀粉含量,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察热处理前后竹材微观结构变化,同时对比了不同油热处理工艺下竹材的防霉效果。试验结果表明:未处理竹材的淀粉含量为3.16%,经过油热处理的竹材淀粉含量均少于未处理竹材,且淀粉含量随着油热处理温度和时间的增加而逐渐降低。在200℃、6 h油热处理条件下,处理后竹材的淀粉含量为0.09%,相比于未处理竹材下降97.23%,高温油热处理能够有效降低竹材中淀粉含量;通过SEM观察发现高温油热处理后竹材薄壁细胞组织发生变形破裂,竹材的渗透性提高,细胞腔中淀粉颗粒显著减少,且竹材纹孔及表面有油介质附着提高防霉性能;在竹材防霉试验中,经过油热处理竹材的防霉能力与未处理材相比均有提高。当热处理温度大于160℃时,防霉效果显著,且竹材淀粉含量越低,对霉菌的防霉效果越好。     

几种防霉剂对提高非木材刨花板抗霉性能的研究

以17种防霉剂对竹材等4种非木材刨花板做了抗霉性能试验。结果8、9、7、6号防霉剂配方效果最好，分别施加这四种药剂的竹材等4种刨花板抗霉性能与落叶松刨花板相同，优于柳刨花板。将9号防霉剂施加于甘蔗渣、豆秸和玉秆刨花析对达到了较好的效果。     

竹材防霉剂筛选试验

本试验以毛竹为试材,对九种防霉剂进行筛选试验,筛选出四种高效低浓度防霉剂,它们是:75号工业防霉剂、DP防霉剂、硼酚合剂与氟酚合剂。防霉效果稍次的有三种:甲基托布津、多菌灵、福美双、使用浓度稍高于1%。防霉效果欠佳的有杜香油与新洁尔灭硼化合剂。     

防霉增强型竹碎料混凝土模板的研制

本文针对竹碎料混凝土模板易霉变的缺陷，采用线性回归分析法探讨了板材防霉性能与其密度的关系，同时采用五种防霉剂对竹碎料进行降糖防霉处理试验。结果表明，板材密度与防霉性能呈显著线性正相关，自制NPFB防霉剂效果理想，压制的防霉竹碎料混凝土模板物理力学性能达到JG／T3026—1995建筑工业竹胶合板模板行业标准。     

High productivity gel diets for rearing of Queensland fruit fly, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bactrocera tryoni</Emphasis>

The Queensland fruit fly or ‘Q-fly,’ Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is Australia’s most damaging insect pest of horticulture. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is being developed as a sustainable approach to management of Q-fly. New larval diets are needed for economical production of millions of artificially reared sterile flies that are required for use in SIT. Solid diets that incorporate biological bulking agents present problems of variable quality and waste disposal. Liquid diets emerged as a promising alternative, but these also suffer drawbacks, including separation of components, fermentation and need for cleaning and regular replacement of substrates that support developing larvae. The present study considers whether two promising liquid diet formulations might be improved by incorporating agar (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) to create semiliquid or gel diets that maintain consistent composition, suppress fermentation, negate the need for supporting substrates and minimize waste. Overall, gel diets containing greater than 0.5% agar outperformed liquid diets (0% agar) and semiliquid diets (0.25% agar) of identical nutritional composition, especially in terms of development rate and productivity. Flies from the two tested diet formulations differed in flight performance, and this likely reflects differences in concentration of wheat germ oil and/or the type of yeast used. Overall, gel diets show great promise for rearing of Q-fly, overcoming many of the constraints of both traditional solid diets and more recently developed liquid diets. There is now a need for larger-scale trials that test and refine these diets for use in operational SIT settings.     

Migration of methylene bis thiocyanate in wood and its effect on a wood degrading fungus

The mobility and concentrations of methylene bis thiocyanate (MBT) at different depths of wood billets (200 mm long, 40 mm in diameter) of Pinus radiata were determined using NMR spectroscopy and ICP-ASE. Results were then correlated with the effect of wood MBT concentrations on growth of O. floccosum in a bioassay using stereomicroscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The ¹³C NMR spectra showed the presence or the absence of MBT in wood but it was unable to detect small concentrations. ICP-ASE, however produced quantitative data across the depth (40 mm) of the wood billets tested. Within 7 days of storage, MBT penetrated from surface to pith but showed significantly higher concentrations of MBT in surface wood compared to pith wood. Present study highlighted the benefit of using CLSM for fungal detection in wood. The information obtained from ICP-ASE and CLSM analysis suggested to inhibit growth of O. floccosum, the MBT concentration needs to be >55 μg/g of dry wood. Due to its high detection capacity, ICP-ASE is identified as an excellent tool for MBT detection and quantification in wood.     

Modulation of in vitro morphogenesis in nodal segments of Salix tetrasperma Roxb. through the use of TDZ, different media types and culture regimes

A comparative performance of two different media formulations (woody plant medium (WPM) and Murashige and Skoog??s (MS) medium) for their ability to inflict in vitro shoot development in nodal segments of Salix tetrasperma Roxb. has been carried out. Thidiazuron (TDZ) in various concentrations was used as a supplement to the basal media. Media types, TDZ concentrations, exposure duration and culture regimes played an important role in affecting multiple shoot production. WPM supplemented with 2.5???M TDZ for 4?weeks exposure was found to be the best for maximum (4.53?±?0.27) shoots production in vitro. Transfer to a secondary medium consisting of 6-benzyladenine (1.0???M) and ??-naphthalene acetic acid (0.5???M) enhanced the multiplication rate and by the end of 12?weeks, 20.33?±?0.33 shoots with shoot length, 4.70?±?0.26?cm were produced on WPM. Rooting of the regenerated shoots was achieved on half strength basal media (either WPM or MS) containing 0.5???M indole-3-butyric acid. In all the experiments, different growth parameters were scored and WPM was found to be superior to MS medium. The regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimatized in the field with about 81?% survival.     

竹席漂白新工艺及其反应机理的研究

根据竹席防霉漂白的特点，采用醋酸作为过氧化氢在碱性条件下进行漂白反应的稳定剂，可收到良好的漂白效果．通过正交试验得出最佳漂白条件．该工艺设备简单，成本低廉，经济效益显著．可用于竹席、竹筷、木筷和竹材旋切片等竹木制品的漂白防霉．在漂白机理的讨论中，提出了在漂白过程中竹席与漂白液之间存在ｐＨ值差异的构想．     

Applications of novel drug delivery system for herbal formulations

Over the past several years, great advances have been made on development of novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) for plant actives and extracts. The variety of novel herbal formulations like polymeric nanoparticles, nanocapsules, liposomes, phytosomes, nanoemulsions, microsphere, transferosomes, and ethosomes has been reported using bioactive and plant extracts. The novel formulations are reported to have remarkable advantages over conventional formulations of plant actives and extracts which include enhancement of solubility, bioavailability, protection from toxicity, enhancement of pharmacological activity, enhancement of stability, improved tissue macrophages distribution, sustained delivery, and protection from physical and chemical degradation. The present review highlights the current status of the development of novel herbal formulations and summarizes their method of preparation, type of active ingredients, size, entrapment efficiency, route of administration, biological activity and applications of novel formulations.     

沙田柚树施用活化磷肥的效果及机理研究

通过田间试验与室内模拟试验相结合，用相应活化剂处理水溶性P并配成沙田柚专用肥．进一步对其在广东梅县沙田柚产区施用的效果及机理进行研究。结果显示：(1)在沙田柚产区施用含活化P肥的专用肥，能有效改善柚树各生育期的P营养，从而能显著提高柚果产量和品质。(2)在梅县砂页岩赤红壤条件下，土壤中的Fe、Mn与P素有效性关系密切；Si可促进土壤中P的释放．适量的Ca可增加P的活性。(3)供试活化剂可控释水溶性P的释放、使土壤供P性能平稳。(4)在砂页岩赤红壤-植物体系中，活化剂对P的控释机理与不同地带性和不同母质的玄武岩砖红壤一样．是通过对土壤Fe、Mn、Al含量的调节而实现对P的活化。