应力波木材无损检测技术应用及研究进展

文中概述了应力波传播机理及应力波木材无损检测技术的优缺点与工作过程,介绍了现阶段木材无损检测领域内常用的几种应力波木材检测设备,对其特点进行了分析,并从力学性能检测、内部缺陷检测和影响应力波传播速度的因素3个方面对应力波木材无损检测技术的研究进展进行总结分析,预测其发展前景,以期为该领域的进一步研究提供参考。     

应力波木材无损检测信号采集系统

应力波木材无损检测技术可在不破坏木材使用性能的前提下,快速的检测出木材的尺寸、规格和基本物理性质等,基于此优点,应力波无损检测技术近几年越来越受到青睐。应力波在木材中传播时,如遇到裂缝、孔洞、裂纹等界面不连续处,就会发生反射、折射、散射和模式转换,对缺陷有很高的敏感性。基于应力波的这种敏感性,本文对应力波在木材中传输时的信号进行采集,通过对采集信号进行频谱分析、小波变换等处理,可进一步得到应力波在木材中的传播速度等参数,从而为鉴别木材的缺陷提供更多的信息。     

超声波与应力波在木材内部缺陷检测中的对比研究

采用超声波和应力波分别对木材试件进行了检测,并运用SPSS软件对检测结果进行分析,结果表明：木材密度、孔洞大小及数量对两种波传播参数及动态弹性模量都有不同程度的影响。通过两种波的对比研究,得知二者对木材内部缺陷检测的灵敏度和准确度存在差异。因此在进行木材内部缺陷检测时,应结合实际情况,采用适当的检测方法,从而提高对木材缺陷盼分辨能力。     

应力波用于木材和活立木无损检测的研究进展

在简单介绍应力波无损检测技术的基本原理、特点以及目前应力波主要的检测设备同时,对国内外应力波无损检测技术在木材和活立木领域的研究进展做了叙述,分析了现阶段应力波无损检测技术存在的问题,并对应力波无损检测技术进一步发展做了展望。     

人工林活立木材质应力波无损检测研究进展

应力波无损检测是检测和评估人工林活立木材质的主要手段之一。对该项技术的国内外研究进展情况进行了总结分析,指出这些研究主要集中在三个方面,即应力波传播机理研究、力学性能检测和预测研究,以及木材内部缺陷检测研究。     

基于应力波的活立木力学特性无损检测研究进展

活立木力学特性无损检测是科学评价森林质量的基础,为合理制定采伐作业时间、原木分级和木材高效利用提供有效依据.介绍应力波无损检测的基本原理以及基于应力波的活立木力学特性无损检测的研究进展,分析影响应力波在活立木中传播的因素,在此基础上阐述木材力学特性变化的原理以及基于应力波技术的木材力学特性季节动态变化检测的现状和意义,提出应力波检测活立木性质存在的问题,针对其存在的问题提出几点建议.     

应力波无损检测技术及其在木结构古建筑保护中的应用

介绍了应力波无损检测技术的基本原理, 回顾了应力波技术在古建筑保护中的应用进展及存在的问题, 最后对发展前景进行了展望, 并给出进一步研究的建议。     

应力波法检测活立木品质的研究进展

介绍了应力波无损检测方法的基本原理以及采用该方法检测活立木品质的研究进展情况,阐述了应力波检测用于活立木品质研究的趋势。     

木材应力波检测精度的影响因素研究

随着我国林业资源保护的深入化,无损检测被广泛应用于木材的缺陷检测中,木材应力波检测是主要的检测方法,而受其多种因素的影响,导致木材检测缺陷的精度无法提升。为了进一步明确影响木材应力波检测精度的因素,分别对目前检测过程中的形状、传感器数量与位置分布等进行了实验。研究数据表明,林木的形状、传感器数量、传感器位置分布对木材应力波检测精度具有显著影响,相关领域的检测部门,应重点对这3种影响因素进行检测的优化,从而得到更为精准的检测数据,促进林业资源的稳定前行。     

Effect of sensor quantity on measurement accuracy of log inner defects by using stress wave

Wood nondestructive testing （NDT） is one of the high efficient methods in utilizing wood. This paper explained the principle of log defect testing by using stress wave, and analyzed the effects of sensor quantity on defect testing results by using stress wave in terms of image fitting degree and error rate. The results showed that for logs with diameter ranging from 20 to 40 cm, at least 12 sensors were needed to meet the requirement which ensure a high testing accuracy of roughly 90% of fitness with 0.1 of error rate. And 10 sensors were recommended to judge the possible locations of defects and 6 sensors were sufficient to decide whether there were defects or not.     

传感器数量对应力波检测原木内部缺陷精度的影响

木材无损检测技术是高效利用木材的方法之一.该文阐述了应力波法检测木材缺陷的原理,分析了传感器数量对图像的拟合度和误差率两个指标的影响.结果表明,当原木直径在20～40cm范围内时,若需对原木缺陷进行精确测量,要求图像拟合度接近90%和误差率在0.1左右时,至少需12个传感器才能满足要求;当不需要对原木缺陷进行精确测量,只需确定缺陷的大致位置时,宜选用10个传感器进行测量;当仅仅需要判断原木是否存在缺陷时,选用6个传感器就能满足要求.图3表4参8.     

Method to estimate the internal stresses due to moisture in wood using transmission properties of microwaves

The purpose of this paper is to offer a new method for detecting stress in wood due to moisture along the lines of a theory reported previously. According to the theory, the stress in wood could be estimated from the moisture content of the wood and the power voltage of a microwave moisture meter (i.e., attenuation of the projected microwave). This seems to suggest a possibility of utilizing microwaves in the field of stress detection. To develop such an idea, the stress formulas were initially modified to the form of an uni-variable function of power voltage, and the application method of the formulas to detection was tried. Finally, these results were applied to the data of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) lumber in the previous experiment. The estimated strains showed fairly good agreement with those observed. It could be concluded from this study that the proposed method might be available for detecting stress in wood due to moisture.Part of this report was presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Gifu, April 2002     

榉属的研究进展

榉属树种树形优美、木材坚实致密,在园林绿化和用材上都有广泛的应用,具有较高的经济价值,其中榉树被列入国家二级保护野生植物名录。该文从榉属植物的形态特征和自然分布、生物学特性、繁殖和栽培、资源利用等方面综述其研究进展。     

三唑类木材防腐剂研究进展

从制剂的研发、抗菌性能、抗流失性能、对金属腐蚀性能及生物降解性能等方面介绍了三唑类木材防腐剂的研究进展,对其存在的问题及未来的发展潜力进行了探讨。     

Flexural and visual characteristics of fibre-managed plantation Eucalyptus globulus timber

ABSTRACT

The main goal of this study was to investigate the visual characteristics, recovery rate, and flexural properties of sawn boards from a fibre-managed plantation Eucalyptus globulus resource as a potential raw material for structural building applications. The impacts of the visual characteristics, strength-reducing features, and variation in basic density and moisture content on the bending modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of the boards were investigated. The reliabilities of different non-destructive methods in predicting MOE and MOR of the boards were evaluated, including log acoustic wave velocity measurement and numerical modellings. The MOE and MOR of the boards were significantly affected by the slope of grain, percentage of clear wood, and total number of knots in the loading zone of the boards. The normal variation in basic density significantly influenced the MOE of the boards while its effect on the MOR was insignificant. The numerical models developed using the artificial neural network (ANN) showed better accuracies in predicting the MOE and MOR of the boards than traditional multi-regression modelling and log acoustic wave velocity measurement. The ANN models developed in this study showed more than 78.5% and 79.9% success in predicting the adjusted MOE and MOR of the boards, respectively.     

我国石灰岩地区特有植物研究进展

石灰岩裸露地区普遍具有土体浅薄,保水性差,基质、土壤和水等环境富钙的生态特征,这些特征促进了石灰岩地区植物区系朝着特有化发展。进一步深化石灰岩地区土壤形成与保护理论研究,大力开展特有植物种的生态及经济性能综合评价,加强造林先锋树种的选育,为人工促进石灰岩地区森林生态系统恢复提供物质保障是近期研究的发展趋势。     

Application of modal analysis by transfer function to nondestructive testing of wood II: modulus of elasticity evaluation of sections of differing quality in a wooden beam by the curvature of the flexural vibration wave

 The shape of the flexural vibration wave of wooden beams at the first mode was detected using the transfer function. The dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE) of beam sections of differing quality was estimated from the ratio of the curvature of the wave shape in this section to that of a clear beam. The results were as follows: (1) If a section with a lower dynamic MOE was introduced into a clear wooden beam, the curvature of the wave shape in that section became higher. (2) The ratio of the MOE and the reciprocal of the curvature ratio were highly correlated. (3) The MOE of a defect could be estimated, and the position of the defect could be determined accurately by examining the curvature of the flexural vibration wave shapes. Received: March 22, 2002 / Accepted: May 15, 2002 Part of this report was presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kyoto, April 2000. This article is translated from the Japanese version, which was published in Mokuzai Gakkaishi 47(5), 2001 Correspondence to:Y. Ishimaru