蔬菜潜叶蝇的发生调查与预测预报

经 1997～2000年调查表明 ,在江苏海门危害蔬菜的潜叶蝇主要有 5种 :豌豆彩潜蝇、美洲斑潜蝇、番茄斑潜蝇、葱斑潜蝇和菜斑潜蝇。其中豌豆彩潜蝇和美洲斑潜蝇为海门地区的优势种。不同潜叶蝇的发生危害具有明显的寄主选择性和季节差异性。用化蛹进度和黄板诱集成虫预测其发生时 ,应综合虫口基数、气候条件、食料、田间自然死亡率、寄生率、历年虫态历期等因素     

武汉市花卉潜叶蝇的调查及其防治

调查发现在琥汉市花卉上危害的潜叶蝇主要有4种,分别为番茄斑潜蝇、美洲斑潜蝇、拉美斑蝇和豌豆潜叶蝇,其中美洲斑潜蝇和豌豆潜叶蝇为优势种,其寄主花卉有12科32种;并在防治上采取综合防治措施。     

西藏地区豌豆彩潜蝇的发生为害及其寄生蜂种类调查

豌豆彩潜蝇Chromatomyia horticola是我国重要的潜叶蝇类蔬菜害虫,寄生蜂是其重要的天敌。2018年7月,豌豆彩潜蝇首次在西藏地区被发现。为探明西藏地区豌豆彩潜蝇的发生情况及其天敌寄生蜂种类,于2018年-2019年对西藏拉萨、林芝、山南、日喀则4个地区进行了调查采样。结果表明,豌豆彩潜蝇在西藏地区发生程度中等,为害等级达Ⅲ级。调查到被其为害的寄主植物为5科7属7种,主要嗜好菊科和豆科植物。豌豆彩潜蝇的寄生蜂种类包括3科8属12种,其中优势种为豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂Diglyphus isaea、双斑潜蝇姬小蜂Diglyphus bimaculatus和西伯利亚离颚茧蜂Dacnusa sibirica,分别占总羽化寄生蜂个体数的35.71%、28.18%和21.01%,豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂主要来自寄主植物豌豆,双斑潜蝇姬小蜂和西伯利亚离颚茧蜂的发生期最长,7月-9月均有发生。同期,我们在西藏调查发现了入侵种南美斑潜蝇Liriomyza huidobrensis,为此,本文还讨论了西藏地区豌豆彩潜蝇和南美斑潜蝇的寄生蜂种类组成差异和寄生蜂的控害特性及控害效应,以期为制定生态调控和绿色防...     

泰国南部斑潜蝇发生为害调查

本研究对泰国南部宋卡地区蔬菜和花卉上为害的斑潜蝇进行了种类鉴定 为害调查,结果 该地区发生为害的斑潜蝇有美洲潜蝇三叶草斑潜蝇、番茄斑潜蝇和葱斑潜蝇等四种,其中美洲斑潜蝇为害较严重和普遍。田间为害调查结果还表明：在该地区７－８月美洲斑潜蝇对瓜类的为害呈逐渐加重的趋势,其百叶活虫数可由５８－６３增至３１５－５７２头。     

豌豆潜叶蝇姬小蜂生物学习性研究

对湖北省十堰城郊美洲斑潜蝇寄生性天敌优势种豌豆潜叶蝇姬小蜂的生物学习性包括幼虫行为、羽化与交配、取食与产卵、性比、趋光性及日活动规律和寄生行为等进行了研究.结果表明,豌豆潜叶蝇姬小蜂可以取食寄生美洲斑潜蝇1～3龄幼虫,寄生最佳龄期为3龄,平均寄生率为34.27%,对美洲潜蝇种群控制起着重要作用.     

南美斑潜蝇及其寄生蜂消长规律

对云南省南美斑潜蝇及其主要寄生蜂潜蝇姬小蜂和潜蝇茧蜂的种群消长规律进行了研究。南美斑潜蝇在昆明关上菜区于 4、7、10月出现 3个高峰。潜蝇姬小蜂在春季蚕豆上种群数量较高 ,是控制南美斑潜蝇的主要蜂种。潜蝇茧蜂在秋季大棚内种群数量较高 ,是控制大棚南美斑潜蝇的主要蜂种。这两种寄生蜂对作物寄主有明显的选择性 ,潜蝇姬小蜂在春季的蚕豆、豌豆和芹菜上种群数量较高 ,潜蝇茧蜂在秋季的莴笋上种群数量较高     

北京地区豌豆彩潜蝇的寄主植物及发生动态

豌豆彩潜蝇Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau)是一种重要的潜叶类害虫,近年来,其为害程度逐年加重。本研究于2016年-2018年,在豌豆彩潜蝇发生高峰期,采用五点取样法对北京地区露地植物的潜叶蝇为害情况进行调查采样;并对豌豆彩潜蝇在7种嗜好寄主植物上的种群发生进行了动态分析。结果表明,在北京地区共记录豌豆彩潜蝇的寄主植物9科35种,主要为菊科、十字花科和豆科等寄主蔬菜、杂草或花卉,其中以豌豆、生菜、莴苣、长叶莴笋、苦苣菜、诸葛菜和欧洲油菜受害最为严重。在北京地区,该虫一年有春季和秋季两个发生高峰期,春季高峰期为5月中旬至6月上旬,秋季高峰期为9月下旬至10月中旬,春季为害情况重于秋季。本文明确了豌豆彩潜蝇在北京地区的寄主植物种类及发生动态,对该虫的预测预报以及制定有效防控措施具有重要指导意义。     

美洲斑潜蝇介绍

斑潜蝇是双翅目潜蝇科的一个属,以幼虫潜叶为害。全世界约有300多种,其中23种具有经济意义,但以三叶斑潜蝇Liriomyza trifolii、美洲斑潜蝇L.sativae、南美斑潜蝇L.huidbrensis、番茄斑潜蝇L.bryonliae和线斑潜蝇L.strigata五个杂食性种为害最严重。前三种原产于美洲,已被欧洲等国家列为检疫对象;后两种原产于欧洲,也被美国等国家列为检疫对象,因此统称为危险性斑潜蝇。斑潜蝇原为一般性害虫,但在70年代后期一些种类突然上升为主要害虫。美国佛罗里达州70年代及80年代早期芹菜、莴苣、番茄及菊花因斑潜蝇为害损失严重,1976～1977年仅番茄生产损失就达几十万美元。1984年夏威夷蔬菜因遭斑潜蝇为害而损失1170万美元。 现简单介绍其中的美洲斑潜蝇。     

豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂对4种寄主植物上美洲斑潜蝇幼虫的选择性及适合度

在室内研究了豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂对4种寄主植物上美洲斑潜蝇2龄末-3龄初幼虫的选择性和寄生蜂子代生长发育及存活情况。结果表明,豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂雌蜂对不同寄主植物具有选择性差异,对菜豆选择性最强,对番茄选择性最低,斑潜蝇被致死率和被寄生率分别为96.1%、71.4%和73.4%、52.1%;在4种寄主植物上,寄生蜂对寄主的寄生数与致死数比值无显著差异。寄生不同寄主植物上斑潜蝇幼虫的豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂从卵发育到成虫的历期存在差异,在黄瓜上历期最长,为10.21d;寄生蜂蛹期稍短于卵期与幼虫期之和;但寄生不同寄主植物上斑潜蝇幼虫的寄生蜂卵孵化率、幼虫存活率、羽化率无显著差异。     

斑潜蝇风险分析及检疫对策

本文针对斑潜蝇近十几年来我国经济地位有明显上升的实际情况,对斑潜蝇进行了风险分析,围绕检疫问题阐述了三叶斑潜蝇、南美斑潜蝇、番茄斑潜蝇,美洲斑潜蝇及线斑潜蝇等５种重要多食性斑潜蝇为害方式及为害特点,经济重要性,传播扩散情况以及其在检疫中的地位。列出了潜蝇和重要属及斑潜蝇属中常见种的检索表。对冷藏处理、熏蒸处理,辐射处理,农药处理等各种斑潜蝇检疫处理技术进行归纳总结。结合我国斑潜发生的现状及我国政府     

异角亨姬小蜂生物学特性及其应用研究进展

异角亨姬小蜂Hemiptarsenus varicornis （Girault）是一种抑性、卵育型幼虫外寄生蜂,具有产卵寄生和寄主取食2种方式致死寄主,是我国南方潜叶蝇的优势天敌,尤其适宜于控制较高温环境下发生的美洲斑潜蝇和三叶草斑潜蝇。本文总结和综述了国际上其分类地位、分布、寄主种类、寄主取食和繁殖特性、性比等生物生态学特性和田间应用进展,并分析了其在我国的应用控害潜力,提出了未来的研究重点和方向,为应用该寄生蜂高效防控我国潜叶蝇的危害提供了指导。     

Checklist of agromyzidae (Diptera) of Turkey,with a new record

The first checklist of Turkish leafminers of the family Agromyzidae (Diptera), comprising 78 species, is presented.Melanagromyza cunctans (Meigen, 1830) is recorded as new for the Turkish leafminer fauna. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Feb. 2, 2002.     

Biological control of the leafminer Liriomyza bryoniae by seasonal inoculative releases of Diglyphus isaea: simulation of a parasitoid-host system

A deterministic model was developed to simulate population growth of the agromyzid flyLiriomyza bryoniae and the parasitoidDiglyphus isaea. The model has two driving variables, ambient temperature and leaf nitrogen content of the tomato plant. Results of a glasshouse experiment were used to validate the model. The timing of successive generations of leafminers was simulated accurately over four generations. Population growth of leafminers was correctly simulated during the first two generations, but overestimated in the third generation. Mortality of leafminers due to parasitism was overestimated in the first generation after introduction of parasitoids: 73% instead of the observed 30%. A nearly 100% mortality of leafminers was correctly simulated in the second generation after introduction of parasitoids. Sensitivity analysis was performed for three types of variables: (1) driving variables, temperature and leaf nitrogen content; (2) parasitoid traits, searching efficiency and allocation of attacks to host feeding and oviposition, and (3) introduction strategies for biological control, timing, number of releases and number of parasitoids per release. Population growth was sensitive to temperature, leaf nitrogen content, searching efficiency of parasitoids and numbers of parasitoids released.     

芙新姬小蜂生物学特性及其应用研究进展

芙新姬小蜂Neochrysocharis formosa （Westwood）是一种卵育型抑性单内寄生蜂,可以通过产卵寄生和寄主取食两种方式致死寄主,该蜂在我国分布广泛,是多种斑潜蝇类害虫的优势寄生性天敌.本文综述了国际上其分类地位、分布、寄主种类、寄主取食、繁殖、寿命、性比（尤其是孤雌产雌现象及机理）、控害效果等生物学特性,人工繁殖技术的研究和应用进展,并讨论了雌蜂寄主取食行为的营养生理及其面临寄主的产卵行为和寄生行为的“权衡”,以及成虫期的非寄主营养的补充及营养缺失对其生防效应的影响.     

Wheat Disease Situation in Madhya Pradesh,India

Leafminter of the genus Liriomyza are important pests of agricultural crops. In the mid-1990s three polyphagous new world species have been accidently introduced into South-East Asia. Different aspects of the biology of one species, Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, were studied during the period May 2000?–?July 2001 in Hanoi province in northern Vietnam on longbean, soybean, tomato, potato and cucumber. Trapping of adults and counting of larvae in mines showed that in May?–?June the generation time was approximately 15 days. This was supported by laboratory studies at constant temperature. The generation time was about 25?–?30 days in October?–?November and about 20 days in the spring season (February?–?May), based on adult trapping. In an unsprayed field, more than 50% of all mines contained parasitized larvae about 2 months after transplanting. Use of insecticides had little effect, indicating resistance in the leafminers.     

Dipteran leafminers in the vicinity of glasshouses and plant markets in Lithuania*

Areas surrounding the glasshouses of 60 growers, and 16 plant markets, were surveyed in 2001/2003 to determine the distribution of dipterous leafminers in Lithuania, including regulated species. In total, 152 species belonging to 7 families were discovered, and the infested host plants represented 46 families. The relative frequency of Liriomyza bryoniae was 32% in the vicinity of glasshouses and 19% in market places. This species attacked plant genera such as: Amaranthus, Beta, Bryonia, Chenopodium, Cucumis, Datura, Gypsophila, Lycopersicon, Nicandra, Nicotiana, Physalis, Petunia, Sisymbrium, Solanum, Spinacia and Viola. The same plant genera also potentially provide sites for the survival of economically important species, Liriomyza huidobrensis and Liriomyza trifolii, in Lithuania.     

The parasitoid complex ofLiriomyza huidobrensis in cucumber greenhouses in Izmir province, Western Turkey

Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest in cucumber greenhouses in Çamönü (Menderes, Izmir), Turkey. In a study carried out in cucumber greenhouses during the spring and autumn seasons of 1999 and 2000, leaves were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminers and parasitoid adults. Five parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsBracon intercessor Nees von Esenbeck andOpius meracus Fischer, which occurred only in the spring; and the eulophidsDiglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Diglyphus isaea (Walker) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the spring and autumn seasons.D. isaea andN. formosa were the predominant parasitoid species found.O. meracus was recorded for the first time as a Turkish species andB. intercessor was recorded for the first time inL. huidobrensis.     

4种方法研究蚕豆挥发物对南美斑潜蝇及甘蓝潜蝇茧蜂寻找寄主的趋向作用

为了研究蚕豆Vicia faba挥发物在南美斑潜蝇Liriomyza huidobrensis及其优势寄生性天敌甘蓝潜蝇茧蜂Opius dimidiatus寻找寄主中的作用,本文采用了4种行为观测法进行试验,分别为＂I＂型嗅觉仪单刺激源、＂Y＂型嗅觉仪双刺激源、双室器双刺激源和田间模拟多刺激源的行为反应。试验分别设置健康植株处理、虫害植株处理和机械损伤植株处理及空气或泥土对照。结果表明,南美斑潜蝇雌虫和甘蓝潜蝇茧蜂雌虫在寻找寄主的过程中对蚕豆挥发物有显著的趋向作用。健康蚕豆植株处理和虫害植株处理分别对南美斑潜蝇雌虫和甘蓝潜蝇茧蜂雌虫选择寄主有显著的引诱作用。4种行为观测法所得结果基本一致。     

Note: A new pest,<Emphasis Type="Italic">Liriomyza trifolii</Emphasis>, on cotton in the Büyük Menderes Valley,Turkey

The study was conducted to evaluateLiriomyza trifolii (Burgess) in the cotton fields of the Büyük Menderes Valley, Turkey, from 1999 to 2000. Leaves were sampled weekly from the middle of June to the middle of August and kept in the laboratory to observe emerging leafminers. Leafminers were initially found on cotton leaves from 35 to 66 days after sowing. The numbers of larval mines varied from one to four per leaf. The largest number of infested leaves was observed in Aydın (Center), where 18.8% and 17.7% of the sampled leaves were infested in 1999 and 2000, respectively. We conclude thatL. trifolii is a potential pest in the cotton fields of Turkey and more research is needed. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 3, 2003.     

Leafminers in vegetables,ornamental plants and weeds in Indonesia: Surveys of host crops,species composition and parasitoids

Extensive surveys of vegetable, ornamental and weedy plant species were conducted in highland and lowland vegetable production areas in Indonesia with the aim of recording leafminer species present and their associated natural enemies. The most common dipterous species reared from samples was the pea leafminer, Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) (Diptera: Agromyzidae). This introduced pest was particularly serious in highland vegetables in Java, Sumatra and South Sulawesi, causing yield losses as high as 60-70%. Another alien species, the vegetable leafminer, Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, contributed to problems in lowland areas on the north coast of West Java, where cucumbers were heavily damaged. An Asian leafminer species, Chromatomyia horticola Goureau, was more common in snow peas (Pisum sp.). Intensive sampling of leafminer-infested leaves from surveyed host plants yielded 11 species of hymenopteran parasitoids: 10 eulophids (Asecodes sp., Chrysocharis sp., Cirrospilus ambiguus (Hansson and LaSalle), Closterocerus sp., Hemiptarsenus varicornis (Girault), Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), Neochrysocharis sp., Pnigalio sp., Quadrastichus sp., Zagrammosoma sp.) and 1 eucoilid (Gronotoma sp.). The most abundant parasitoid species was H. varicornis. Levels of parasitism varied among crops and growing seasons, but were usually low, especially on potato (< 3%). Surveys revealed that most farmers (63%) attempted to control leafminers by applying insecticides twice weekly although these applications were neither effective nor economical according to responses of about 72% of the farmers. An integrated pest management approach is suggested that emphasizes IPM training for vegetable farmers and includes reductionor elimination of broad spectrum chemicals that would adversely affect parasitoids that may already be present as well as those that may be introduced. The initiation of a classical biological control programme is recommended to enhance the limited parasitoid complex present in Indonesia and increase levels of biological control.