功能性氨基酸对畜禽免疫功能影响的研究进展

本文综述了功能性氨基酸对畜禽免疫功能的影响.     

功能性氨基酸营养——精氨酸

近年来,人们对氨基酸在物质代谢和免疫功能调控中所起的作用越来越感兴趣,并提出了功能性氨基酸的概念。功能性氯基酸除了合成蛋白质外还具有其他特殊功能,不仅对动物的正常生长及维持是必需的,而且对多种生物活性物质的合成也是必需的,在日粮中添加功能性氨基酸可大大提高动物的营养状况和生产性能。鉴于此,《新饲料》杂志与现龙（长沙）生物科技有限公司合作在2009年第10期开办“特别关注”栏目,     

含硫氨基酸在猪营养中的研究进展

养猪业是我国畜牧生产中的主要组成部分,发展养猪业势必要发展猪饲料,而由蛋氨酸、胱氨酸和半胱氨酸组成的含硫氨基酸是氨基酸的重要组成部分,其中蛋氦酸是猪的第二限制性氨基酸,是猪不可或缺的营养元素。本文主要介绍了含硫氨基酸的理化性质、代谢机制、生物学功能以及在猪营养中的研究进展。     

氨基酸营养调控黏膜免疫的研究进展

动物机体内的黏膜免疫系统约占机体淋巴细胞组织的50%以上,具有大量的免疫细胞。黏膜免疫细胞可以摄取、呈递抗原,诱导发生免疫反应,产生免疫效应因子,发挥免疫作用。作为机体抵抗病原菌侵袭的免疫防线,黏膜免疫系统功能是否完善、健全是保障动物健康快速生长的重要保障,目前对黏膜免疫系统及其影响因素的研究越来越被广大学者所重视。研究表明,氨基酸营养对免疫机能的发挥有积极的影响,其与免疫之间的相互作用也成为营养学研究的重要领域之一。1黏膜免疫系统黏膜免疫系统(mucosal i mmune system,MIS)是由肠相关淋巴组织(GALT)、支气管…     

动物氨基酸代谢调控研究进展

文章对氨基酸在动物体内的营养、代谢进行了讨论和综述。重点讨论了几种主要限制性氨基酸在体内的代谢过程,分析了各代谢环节的调控机理,为日粮中合理添加氨基酸,更好地发挥其营养作用,节约蛋白质饲料和减少粪氮污染提供理论依据。     

断奶仔猪肠黏膜免疫与功能性氨基酸的营养

黏膜免疫系统是机体抵抗病原体入侵的第一道免疫屏障,文中综述了肠黏膜免疫系统的结构和功能、肠黏膜免疫应答过程、功能性氨基酸的营养与免疫作用。断奶仔猪日粮的合理配制需考虑胃肠道的发育和功能性氨基酸的添加,研究促进肠道黏膜免疫的营养物质并探讨其作用机理具有重要意义。     

反刍动物氨基酸营养研究进展

日粮蛋白质首先经过反刍动物复胃,然后从肠管中消化,吸收进入肠系膜静脉,再流入门静脉,经过肝脏整合后进入心脏,最后在肺脏中携氧后分配给外周组织利用。氨基酸在被机体吸收过程中,相当一部分氨基酸将要参与消化道壁的代谢,并且这些代谢显著影响着肝脏和上皮组织对氨基酸的利用。另外各种氨基酸在肝脏清除量差异很大,肝脏在控制分配给外周组织的氨基酸的数量和质量过程中也起着重要的作用。本文按蛋白质的利用过程,详尽地综述了氨基酸在消化、吸收、代谢和利用过程的有关研究进展,对氨基酸需要量和氨基酸平衡及其调控进行了综述和讨论,并对今后反刍动物氨基酸营养研究进行了展望。     

猪禽氨基酸营养和代谢研究进展

<正>氮、磷是重要的环境污染源,因此减少动物排泄物中的氮、磷是控制环境污染问题的有效途径之一。目前,遗传学家已经成功培育出新一代能更加有效生产动物蛋白的猪禽品种,接下来,营养学家需要设计出能充分发挥其遗传潜力的饲养方案,以     

蛋鸡氨基酸营养调控研究进展

理想蛋白(IP)模式的研究迫使氨基酸营养研究不断深入。本文综述了近年来关于产蛋鸡IP模式、氨基酸消化率和营养需要量,及产蛋鸡氨基酸营养调控等方面的研究进展,探讨了蛋鸡氨基酸营养调控的未来研究方向。     

猪的氨基酸营养研究进展

猪的氨基酸营养研究进展中国农业大学动物科技学院肖长艇李德发王九峰一、理想蛋白质氨基酸模式（一）理想蛋白质的概念“理想蛋白质”（ＩｄｅａｌＰｒｏｔｅｉｎ,ＩＰ）的概念最初是由Ｈｏｗａｒｄ于１９５８年提出来的,当时叫做“完全蛋白质”（ＣｏｍｐｌｅｔｅＰｒ...     

Recent Advances in Swine Amino Acid Nutrition

Recent advances in swine protein nutrition are characterized by the development of functional amino acids(AA)in regulating fetal and postnatal survival,growth and development. These AA include arginine,glutamine,glutamate,proline,leucine, cysteine and tryptophan. Due to limited knowledge on AA nutrition,pork producers have traditionally paid little attention to supplementing the arginine family of AA to swine diets. Results of recent studies indicate that functional AA serve important regulatory functions in nutrient metabolism,protein turnover, and immune function,therefore enhancing efficiency of feed utilization by pigs. The underlying mechanisms include activation of nitric oxide,mammalian target of rapamycin,gaseous signaling,and AMP-activated protein kinase pathways, as well as anti-oxidative function. Dietary supplementation with arginine,glutamine, proline or leucine to weanling piglets enhances their growth performance. Arginine or glutamine is also effective in increasing milk production by lactating sows. Furthermore,supplementing arginine to the diet of pregnant gilts between days 30 and 114 of gestation increases the number of live-born piglets and litter birth-weight. Availability of feed-grade functional AA holds great promise for improving animal health and nutrient utilization in pig production worldwide. Additionally, feedstuffs of animal origin[e. g. , blood meal (ring dried),feather meal(hydrolyzed),meat and bone meal, porcine protein meal,and poultry by-product meal(both feed- and petfood-grades )]are excellent and cost-effective sources of both essential and functional AA for formulating balanced swine diets.New knowledge on AA nutrition provides a much needed scientific basis for revising the next edition of swine nutrient requirements.     

Recent Advances in Swine Amino Acid Nutrition

Recent advances in swine protein nutrition are characterized by the development of functional amino acids (AA) in regulating fetal and postnatal survival, growth and development. These AA include arginine, glutamine, glutamate, proline, leucine, cysteine and tryptophan. Due to limited knowledge on AA nutrition, pork producers have traditionally paid little attention to supplementing the arginine family of AA to swine diets. Results of recent studies indicate that functional AA serve important regulatory functions in nutrient metabolism, protein turnover, and immune function, therefore enhancing efficiency of feed utilization by pigs. The underlying mechanisms include activation of nitric oxide, mammalian target of rapamycin, gaseous signaling, and AMP-activated protein kinase pathways, as well as anti-oxidative function. Dietary supplementation with arginine, glutamine, proline or leucine to weanling piglets enhances their growth performance. Arginine or glutamine is also effective in increasing milk production by lactating sows. Furthermore, supplementing arginine to the diet of pregnant gilts between days 30 and 114 of gestation increases the number of live-born piglets and litter birth-weight. Availability of feed-grade functional AA holds great promise for improving animal health and nutrient utilization in pig production worldwide. Additionally, feedstuffs of animal origin [e.g., blood meal (ring dried), feather meal (hydrolyzed), meat and bone meal, porcine protein meal, and poultry by-product meal (both feed- and petfood-grades)] are excellent and cost-effective sources of both essential and functional AA for formulating balanced swine diets. New knowledge on AA nutrition provides a much needed scientific basis for revising the next edition of swine nutrient requirements.     

Recent Advances in Swine Amino Acid Nutrition1

Recent advances in swine protein nutrition are characterized by the development of functional a- mino acids （AA） in regulating fetal and postnatal survival, growth and development. These AA include arginine, glutamine, glutamate, proline, leucine, cyste- ine and tryptophan. Due to limited knowledge on AA nutrition, pork producers have traditionally paid little attention to supplementing the arginine family of AA to swine diets. Results of recent studies indicate that functional AA serve important regulatory functions in nutrient metabolism, protein turnover, and immune function, therefore enhancing efficiency of feed utili- zation by pigs. The underlying mechanisms include activation of nitric oxide, mammalian target of rapam- ycin, gaseous signaling, and AMP-activated protein ki- nase pathways, as well as anti-oxidative function. Di- etary supplementation with arginine, glutamine, pro- line or leucine to weanling piglets enhances theirgrowth performance. Arginine or glutamine is also ef- fective in increasing milk production by lactating sows. Furthermore, supplementing arginine to the diet of pregnant gilts between days 30 and 114 of gestation increases the number of live-born piglets and litter birth-weight. Availability of feed-grade functional AA holds great promise for improving animal health and nutrient utilization in pig production worldwide. Addi- tionally, feedstuffs of animal origin [ e. g. , blood meal （ ring dried ）, feather meal （ hydrolyzed ）, meat and bone meal, porcine protein meal, and poultry by-prod- uct meal （both feed- and petfood-grades） ] are excel- lent and cost-effective sources of both essential and functional AA for formulating balanced swine diets. New knowledge on AA nutrition provides a much needed scientific basis for revising the next edition of swine nutrient requirements.     

猪营养与肠道健康

肠道不仅在消化吸收营养物质过程中发挥着重要作用,而且是机体的重要免疫屏障,肠道健康水平决定着动物的健康状况。肠道结构的完整性和功能的正常发挥均需要通过获取各种营养物质来维持,因此,日粮中各种营养成分对肠道健康十分重要。本文综述了近年关于猪肠道营养成分对肠道健康影响的研究进展。     

水貂蛋白质及氨基酸营养研究进展

针对我国水貂饲养的特点 ,回顾了国内外水貂蛋白质及氨基酸营养研究进展 ,分别从水貂消化道和蛋白酶分泌特性 ,不同蛋白质水平对水貂生长发育、繁殖和毛皮质量的影响 ,蛋白质合成、分解、转运 ,氨基酸需要以及葡萄糖动态平衡等方面进行了探讨 ,并提出了进一步的研究方向。     

蛋白质氨基酸金属螯合物在动物营养中的应用研究进展

必需微量元素的重要营养功能已得到广泛的承认，为了更好满足现代动物高生产性能的需要量，需要在全价料中加微量元素。为了减少排泄，提高利用率，就必须考虑各种微量元素的生物效价。现在的研究结果有这样的倾向：有机或蛋白源的矿物元素比无机矿元有较高的生物效价，且有机微量元素除了较高的利用率外，在代谢和生理方面还有一定的优势，在动物生长性能上表现出可提高采食量、生长速度、饲料效率和健康状况等，同时减少向环境中的排放量。 现在已经有有机微量元素产品出现在市场上。研究最多和普遍认为效果比较明显的是氨基酸和蛋白质螫…     

猪的氨基酸营养

<正>1蛋白和非蛋白氮1.1粗蛋白和真蛋白猪通过采食的日粮蛋白获取所需氨基酸(AA),消化道中蛋白质被分解为AA而被吸收。实验室可分析日粮蛋白含量,该法分析的是饲料中的氮含量,再乘以6.25,而非蛋白本身,因此是粗蛋白     

家禽支链氯基酸营养研究进展

近年来,"高效、绿色、安全"已成为国际饲料工业的发展趋势.为节约蛋白质饲料,降低饲料成本,减轻动物应激并减轻环境污染,人们利用理想蛋白质模式,添加合成氨基酸来配制低蛋白日粮(刘超,2004).合成氨基酸的应用,将导致日粮中支链氨基酸特别是异亮氨酸和缬氨酸的缺乏.在蛋鸡玉米-豆粕型口粮中,异亮氨酸和缬氨酸是第三限制性氨基酸(袁森泉,1990).支链氨基酸的足量和合理比例供应对家禽的正常生长发育十分必要.     

生长阉牛可吸收氨基酸营养研究进展

综述了近年来有关肉用牛的可吸收氨基酸与能量水平关系及其在十二指肠营养调控方面的内容