类阿片肽对山羊生殖内分泌的调节Ⅲ．吗啡和纳洛酮对促性腺激素的影响

以周期母山羊为研究对象，在其中黄体期和早卵泡期注射阿片受体兴奋剂吗啡和阿片受体拮抗剂纳洛酮．研究了类阿片肽对垂体促性腺激素分泌的影响。结果表明，在中黄体期注射吗啡引起ＬＨ分泌波幅度和血浆平均水平显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），注射纳洛酮使ＬＨ血浆平均水平显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。而在早卵泡期，注射吗啡和纳洛酮，只分别降低和升高血浆ＬＨ水平（Ｐ＜０．０５），对其分泌波幅度无显著影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）。在以上２种生理状态下，吗啡和纳洛酮对ＦＳＨ分泌均无显著影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）。因而认为，在山羊，体内类阿片肽参与ＬＨ分泌的调节。     

不同超排方法对中国美利奴羊超排效果试验

用３２只中国美利奴成年母羊（５～６岁）分５组进行不同超排药物的超排试验，凭借腹腔内窥镜观察卵巢的反应，并借助其进行手术取卵。经观察：ＦＳＨ各组超排效果好于ＰＭＳＧ组，超排有效率也高于ＰＭＳＧ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；使用ＦＳＨ各组的超排效果不尽相同，其中Ｃ组ＦＳＨ（７．５ｍｇ）＋ＬＨ，Ｄ组ＦＳＨ（１１．５ｍｇ）＋ＬＨ和Ａ组ＦＳＨ（７．５ｍｇ）＋ＬＲＨ－Ａ３组的可用胚比单用ＦＳＨ的Ｂ组高，未排卵泡数则显著低于Ｂ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；在Ａ、Ｃ、Ｄ三个处理组中，Ｃ、Ｄ两组的可用胚数高于Ａ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。试验结果表明，用ＦＳＨ＋ＬＨ处理的Ｃ、Ｄ两组超排效果较好，且组间无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

类阿片肽对山羊生殖内分泌的调节：Ⅲ.吗啡和纳洛酮对促性腺激素的…

以周期母山羊为研究对象，在其中黄体期和早卵泡期注射阿片受体兴奋剂吗啡和阿片受体拮抗剂纳洛酮，研究了类阿片肽对垂体促性腺激素分泌的影响。结果表明，在中黄体期注射吗啡引起ＬＨ分泌波幅度和血浆平均水平显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０５），注射纳洛酮使ＬＨ血浆平均水平显著升高（Ｐ〈０．０５）。而在早期卵泡期，注射吗啡和纳洛酮，只分别降低和升高血浆ＬＨ水平，对其分泌波幅度无显著影响。在以上２种生理状态下，吗啡和纳洛酮对     

山羊卵泡卵母细胞体外受精及受精卵的体外发育

对山羊卵泡卵母细胞的体外成熟、体外受精及受精卵体外培养的系列研究表明,在成熟培养液中添加１５μｇ／Ｌ重组牛生长激素（ｒｂＧＨ）,与ＦＳＨ和ＬＨ配合使用,卵泡卵母细胞的成熟率（６７．９％）显著高于不含ｒｂＧＨ的培养组（５３．１％,Ｐ＜０．０５）;３８．５℃和３９．０℃的培养温度对卵泡卵母细胞体外成熟培养的影响无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）;ＢＯ液上浮法对山羊冷冻精子的活精子分离效果优于Ｐｅｒｃｏｌ分层液法,并得到较高的受精率（６４．３％∶４９．０％,Ｐ＜０．０５）;颗粒细胞单层和输卵管上皮细胞单层的共同培养体系均有益于受精卵的体外发育。     

山羊GnRH和促性腺激素的释放特点

通过外科手术分别连续收集活体山羊中黄体期及早卵泡期的垂体门脉血样和外周血样，经放射免疫测定，山羊中黄体期和早卵泡期的促性腺激素释放激素（ＧｎＲＨ）、促黄体生成素（ＬＨ）和促卵泡素（ＦＳＨ）均呈波动式释放。在早卵泡期，ＦＳＨ单位时间内波动次数和血浆平均水平显著高于中黄体期；ＧｎＲＨ与ＬＨ的波动型基本一致，ＦＳＨ的变化不太规则。表明山羊垂体促性腺激素的释放受丘脑下部ＧｎＲＨ的调节，但ＦＳＨ似乎还存在其他调节机理。     

山羊垂体门脉和颈静脉血样同时收集法的建立

本文描述了一种实用的山羊垂体门脉和颈静脉血样同时收集法。试验中应用该法收集了１９例山羊垂体门脉和颈静脉血样，并对其中７例血样分别进行血浆ＧｎＲＨ和ＬＨ水平的检测，然后根据两种血样红细胞压积比值曲线校正ＧｎＲＨ测值。结果表明，手术后颈静脉血浆的ＬＨ平均水平与手术前差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）；两种血浆样品的激素测值分别反映了ＧｎＲＨ和ＬＨ的水平及其相应关系。因而认为，本试验所建立的采样法既能收集山羊垂体门脉血样，又能保持垂体的正常内分泌功能，对于内分泌学的研究有重要的应用价值。     

抑制素主动免疫对山羊繁殖率的影响

选用８只母山羊随机分成两组,试验组用卵巢抑制素与血清蛋白偶合物进行主动免疫,探讨免疫对排卵率和血浆ＦＳＨ水平的影响。结果显示,试验组山羊的抗体效价分别为１：１２８、１：６４、１：３２和１：３２,且卵巢黄体数显著高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）,ＦＳＨ平均水平极显著高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）。这表明,抑制素主动免疫能够引起血浆ＦＳＨ水平的升高,提高排卵率,可以改善母山羊的繁殖性能。     

山羊垂体门脉和劲静脉血样同时收集法的建立

本文描述了一种实用的山羊垂体门脉和颈静脉血样同时收集法。试验中应用该法收集了１９例山羊垂体门脉和颈静脉血样，并对其中７例血样分别进行血浆ＧｎＲＨ和ＬＨ水平的检测，然后根据两种血样红细胞压积比值曲线校正ＧｎＲＨ测值。结果表明，手术后颈静脉血浆的ＬＨ平均水平与手术前差异不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５）；两种血浆样品的激素测值分别反映了ＧｎＲＨ和ＬＨ的水平及其相应关系。因而认为，本试验所建立的采样法既能收集山羊垂     

影响棉籽饼有效赖氨酸含量因素的试验研究

本试验模拟螺旋压榨榨油工艺，测定不同蒸炒或加热条件对棉籽饼中自由棉酚（ＦＧ）、还原糖（ＲＳ）、有效赖氨酸（Ａ－Ｌｙｓ）含量的影响。对蒸炒前喷洒硫酸亚铁的作用也做了初步探讨。研究发现，加热强度、棉酚结合、还原糖含量与有效赖氨酸含量之间的相关系数分别为－０．９７６５（Ｐ＜０．０１）、－０．９５１５（Ｐ＜０．０１）、０．４３９５（Ｐ＞０．０５）；蒸炒前添加ＦｅＳＯ４，按Ｆｅ∶ＦＧ摩尔比４．５∶１和９∶１时均极显著地（Ｐ＜０．０１）提高Ａ－Ｌｙｓ含量，两剂量组间无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；按４．５∶１添加ＦｅＳＯ４可提高Ａ－Ｌｙｓ７．６０％～３７．７７％，同时表明，ＦＧ含量显著降低。     

高碘日粮对蛋鸡生产性能,体内代谢和蛋品质的影响

日粮加碘６５ｐｐｍ饲喂蛋鸡，破壳率减少（Ｐ＜０．０５），饲料消耗降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），采食量、产蛋量和蛋重无明显影响（Ｐ＜０．０５），肝中ＧＯＴ和ＧＰＴ酶活性显著上升（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＡＫＰ明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），血清中ＡＫＰ明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＳＯＤ提高显著（Ｐ＜０．０５），而肝中ＣＤＨ和ＣＫ，血清中ＬＤＨ，ＧＯＴ、ＧＰＴ和ＣＫ无显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＳＯＤ提高显著（Ｐ＜０．０５），     

促卵泡素和促黄体生成素对儋州鸡生殖激素调控规律的研究

为研究促卵泡素（FSH）和促黄体生成素（LH）对儋州鸡体内其他生殖激素的调控规律,本试验通过改变FSH和LH在儋州鸡血液中的浓度,并采用双抗体一步夹心法酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）对处理前后儋州鸡血液中FSH、LH、催乳素（PRL）、孕酮（P）、雌二醇（E₂）的浓度进行测定。结果发现,注射外源性FSH和LH分别能提高儋州鸡血液中FSH和LH浓度;当儋州鸡血液中FSH或LH浓度显著升高时则均能引起PRL浓度显著降低（P < 0.05）,但当FSH和LH浓度同时显著升高时,PRL浓度显著升高（P < 0.05）;当儋州鸡血液中FSH浓度显著升高时,E₂及P浓度显著提升（P < 0.05）,且在高浓度LH的协同下提升幅度更大;当儋州鸡血液中LH浓度显著升高时E₂及P浓度升高但不显著（P > 0.05）。本研究结果表明,儋州鸡血液中FSH或LH浓度的提高均能降低PRL的浓度,并能不同程度的提升E₂及P的浓度,但FSH与LH浓度同时提高则能通过协同作用刺激E₂及P浓度的大幅提升,当E₂及P浓度过高时能通过刺激PRL的释放,负反馈调节血液中FSH与LH,并恢复血液中E₂及P浓度。     

Study on Regulation of Reproductive Hormones in Danzhou Chicken by FSH and LH

To investigate the regulation of reproductive hormones in Danzhou chicken by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteotropic hormone (LH),the concentration of FSH and LH in Danzhou chicken blood were changed by different treatments and the concentration of FSH,LH, prolactin (PRL), progesterone (P), and estradiol (E₂) in the blood were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The results showed that exogenous FSH and LH could improve the concentrations of FSH and LH,respectively. When one of FSH and LH increased alone,the concentration of PRL was significantly decreased (P < 0.05),while it was significantly increased when FSH and LH were both increased (P < 0.05).The high level of the FSH could result the significant increase of E₂ and P (P < 0.05),and it would expand the increasing effect in cooperation with the high concentration of LH. While the high level of the LH could elevate the concentration of E₂ and P,but effect was not significant (P > 0.05).In conclusion,the study suggested that the increase level of FSH or LH could reduce the concentration of PRL in Danzhou chicken,meanwhile,it could increase the concentration of E₂ and P in varying degrees. However,both of the FSH and LH increase in the blood could result the significant increase of E₂ and P as the synergy. When the concentration of E₂ and P were too high,it could stimulate the release of PRL which could adjust the concentration of FSH and LH,and rebalance the concentrations of E₂ and P in the blood.     

Changes in Plasma Concentrations of LH, FSH, Estradiol 17-β and Progesterone During Oestrus in Mithun (Bos frontalis)

The objective of the present study was to establish the changes in plasma concentrations of LH, FSH, estradiol 17-beta (E2) and progesterone (P4), as well as to understand their temporal relationships during oestrus in mithun (Bos frontalis). The experiment was conducted on 11 mithuns during third or fourth postpartum oestrous cycle. Since oestrus onset the jugular vein blood samples were collected every 2 h for 72 and 96 h, respectively from the animals without and with standing heat. The LH, FSH, E2 and P4 concentrations were estimated in plasma. The P4 concentration was fluctuated throughout the oestrus period and the average P4 concentration was found significantly (p<0.05) lower on the day of oestrus onset. The multiple rises in LH and FSH concentrations above the basal level in spike like fashion were observed throughout the oestrus period irrespective of the occurrence of standing heat. A significant (p<0.01) gradual increase in the average daily E2 concentration was observed till day 2 following oestrus onset irrespective of the occurrence of standing heat. A significant (p<0.05) simultaneous increase in LH, FSH and E2 concentrations and a transient increase in P4 concentration at approximately the time of standing heat onset were observed. During investigation a definite temporal coupling between LH and FSH rises was absent throughout the oestrus period. The results suggest that (1) the multiple short-duration low-amplitude LH and FSH surges during oestrus may be crucial for the final maturation of ovulatory follicle and subsequent ovulation in mithun; (2) a differential mechanism for controlling LH and FSH secretions probably exists in mithun.     

Effects of sodium pentobarbital on release of gonadotropins in ewes immediately after ovariectomy and after treatment with gonadotropin-releas ing hormone

Two experiments were conducted with ewes 9 to 11 days after estrus to determine whether the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are controlled differentially. In experiment 1, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was injected (100 (μg/ewe) at time = 0 min into ewes in four treatment groups. The treatment groups (9 ewes/group) were: 1) periodic iv sodium pentobarbital (NaPen) vehicle from 0 min; 2) periodic iv NaPen from 0 min; 3) vehicle iv for 120 min then iv NaPen from 120 min; 4) vehicle iv for 150 min then iv NaPen from 150 min. A surgical plane of anesthesia was maintained from the initiation of NaPen injection until the experiment ended. Jugular blood was sampled at 30-min intervals from ?30 to + 210 min for LH and FSH assays, and profiles of hormone concentrations were compared by time-trend analyses. GnRH released LH (P<.001) and FSH (P<.001), but NaPen did not affect the profiles of hormone concentrations; this indicated that NaPen did not reduce the ability of the pituitary to secrete gonadotropins in response to GnRH. Experiment 2 was a 2x2 factorial with ovariectomy (time = 0 hr) and NaPen as the main effects. One group of ovariectomized (n = 6) and one group of sham ovariectomized (n = 6) ewes were anesthetized only during surgery, while a group of ovariectomized (n = 7) and a group of sham ovariectomized (n = 6) ewes were kept at a surgical plane of anesthesia until 10 hr after surgery. Patterns of LH and FSH were compared in jugular blood collected hourly from 0 hr until 10 hr after surgery and in samples collected at 24 hr intervals from -24 to +72 hr of surgery. After ovariectomy, LH increased (P<.001) hourly and daily, but anesthesia suppressed (hourly, <.001 and daily, P<.005) these increases, which resulted in an interaction (hourly, P<.001 and daily, P<.01) of ovariectomy and anesthesia. FSH after ovariectomy increased hourly and daily (hourly, P<.02 and daily, P<.001), but the effect of anesthesia and interaction of ovariectomy and anesthesia were not significant. Because NaPen did not alter secretion of LH or FSH after exogenous GnRH in experiment 1 while it blocked the postovariectomy increase in LH but not FSH in experiment 2, we concluded that the postovariectomy increase in LH resulted from increased hypothalamic secretion of GnRH. The mechanisms responsible for the postovariectomy increase in FSH secretion are not identical to those for LH. The mechanisms that control the postovariectomy secretion of FSH might involve factors that are not suppressible by NaPen or, alternatively, the differences in LH and FSH release after ovariectomy might reflect the removal of ovarian factors that suppress FSH but not LH secretion in intact ewes.     

GnIH与INH表位多肽疫苗主动免疫对甘肃高山细毛羊生殖激素的影响

本试验通过合成促性腺激素类的抑制激素——抑制素(inhibit hormone,INH)与促性腺激素抑制激素(gonadotropin inhibiting hormone,GnIH)的INH表位多肽疫苗和GnIH表位多肽疫苗,主动免疫甘肃高山细毛羊并对促卵泡素(follicle stimulating hormone,FSH)和促黄体素(luteinizing hormone,LH)激素水平进行比较分析。试验选用15只处在非发情季节的3.5岁的甘肃高山细毛羊,注射INH表位多肽疫苗与GnIH表位多肽疫苗分别为表位多肽疫苗A组和表位多肽疫苗B组,对照组注射等量生理盐水。采血后进行免疫,每隔7 d免疫和采血,同时在发情后每隔15 min采集一次血液,分离血清,用ELISA试剂盒检测抗体水平及FSH和LH激素变化。结果表明,表位多肽疫苗A组和表位多肽疫苗B组在初次免疫后都产生了相应的抗体,且表位多肽疫苗B组较表位多肽疫苗A组产生的抗体浓度高,75 、90、105 min时,表位多肽疫苗B组相对表位多肽疫苗A组显著促进了FSH的分泌水平(P<0.05)。在45~105 min时,表位多肽疫苗B组相对表位多肽疫苗A组显著促进了LH的分泌水平(P<0.05),且在90到105 min时表位多肽疫苗A组和表位多肽疫苗B组血清中FSH和LH的水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。本试验结果表明,INH表位多肽疫苗和GnIH表位多肽疫苗主动免疫促进了甘肃高山细毛羊的FSH、LH的分泌,GnIH表位多肽疫苗在甘肃高山细毛羊上具有更好的免疫作用,本研究为该表位多肽疫苗在绵羊上的运用奠定了基础。     

Effects of Active Immunization with GnIH and INH Epitope Peptide Vaccine on Reproductive Hormones of Gansu Alpine Fine-wool Sheep

This study aimed to detect the reproductive hormones levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in Gansu Alpine Fine-wool sheep by active immunization of two synthesized epitope peptide vaccines A and B which were combined inhibit hormone (INH) and gonadotropin inhibit hormone (GnIH).15 Gansu Alpine Fine-wool sheep were selected which were 3.5 year old and lived in anoestrus season, 3 groups each had 5 sheep, GnIH epitope peptide vaccine and INH epitope peptide vaccine were named epitope peptide vaccine A and B groups, while blank group was injected with saline.The blood was collected before immunization and immuned, and bloods were collected once every 7 days, meanwhile collected blood every 15 min after estrus.The serum was used to detect antibody, FSH and LH levels by ELISA Kits.The results showed that the epitope peptide vaccine A and B groups produced the corresponding antibodies after the initial immunization, and epitope peptide vaccine B group produced more antibodies than epitope peptide vaccine A group.Epitope peptide vaccine B group promoted the FSH secretion levels was significantly higher than epitope peptide vaccine A group in 75, 90 and 105 min (P<0.05);In 45 to 105 minutes, the LH secretion levels of epitope peptide vaccine B group was significantly higher than epitope peptide vaccine A group (P<0.05), while the LH and FSH levels in epitope peptide vaccine A and B groups were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05).This study indicated that the epitope peptide vaccine A and B groups could promote the FSH and LH secretion levels through active immunity in Gansu Alpine Fine-wool sheep and had a good immune function.This study laid a foundation for the application of epitope peptide vaccine on sheep.     

不同繁殖力山羊年周期中FSH和LH分泌规律的研究

比较高繁殖力的济宁青山羊和低繁殖力的沂蒙黑山羊年周期血浆中促卵泡素（FSH）和促黄体素（LH）的分泌变化规律,分析FSH和LH与山羊繁殖力之间的关系。采用放射免疫分析法（RIA）测定血浆中FSH和LH浓度,结果表明：济宁青山羊和沂蒙黑山羊血浆中FSH和LH浓度都存在季节性变化,即秋季最高,春季次之,夏季最低;济宁青山羊和沂蒙黑山羊全年各月血浆中FSH和LH的分泌呈波浪式变化;高繁殖力的济宁青山羊各月份和4个季节血浆中FSH浓度均高于低繁殖力的沂蒙黑山羊,但尚未达到显著水平（P〉0.05）,2种山羊血浆中LH浓度各月份和4个季节基本无差别。     

Reproductive characteristics of stallions during the breeding and non-breeding season in a tropical region

The objective of this study was to investigate reproductive characteristics of stallions at a tropical zone in the breeding and non-breeding seasons. The following parameters were assessed: testicular volume; semen quality; and serum concentrations of LH, FSH, and testosterone; in addition to the percentages of germ cells and proportions of germ cells/Sertoli cells by testicular cytology in stallions. Semen was collected from eight adult stallions twice a week during a 12-week period in both seasons (6?weeks before and 6?weeks after the summer and winter solstices). Jugular blood samples were collected periodically for hormone analysis by radioimmunoassay during the same periods. Testicular measures and cytological samples were taken at the end of each period. Mean concentration of testosterone was significantly higher (P?=?0.04) during the breeding season and the proportion of Sertoli cells/100 germ cells in cytological smears was significantly lower during the breeding season (P?=?0.0001). Effects of season were not significant either for testicular volume or for any semen parameter (P?>?0.05). Seasonal changes in the mean concentrations of LH and FSH were not observed (P?>?0.05). There were also no significant differences in the mean percentages of germ cell types between both seasons (P?>?0.05). Lack of seasonal differences in the testicular volume and semen parameters of tropical stallions are probably due to the small variation in duration of natural light between the observed periods, slightly under 3?h.     

Patterns of secretion of luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and testosterone in stallions during the summer and winter

Samples of jugular blood were drawn from each of five stallions every 15 min for 12 h during the summer and winter to determine the short-term fluctuations in plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone. Concentrations of LH and FSH were generally not pulsatile, although one stallion exhibited three distinct pulses in these hormones during the winter. In general, patterns of secretion of all three hormones were similar in both seasons and the number of significant rises in hormonal concentrations did not differ between seasons. Concentrations of LH and FSH were positively correlated (P less than .05) for eight of the ten sampling periods, indicating a close relationship between the secretion rates of these two gonadotropins. Testosterone concentrations varied in an episodic manner during the 12-h period, and all stallions exhibited at least one episode of high testosterone secretion regardless of the pattern of LH concentrations. The response in testosterone concentrations to the three LH pulses exhibited by the one stallion in winter was not the same for each pulse. The correlations between a single random sample and mean concentrations over the 12-h period were high (r between .88 and .99) for all three hormones, indicating that a single sample of blood would be representative of overall concentrations. It appears that the stallion differs from males of other domestic species in that concentrations of gonadotropins and testosterone vary in a much less pulsatile manner.     

Characterization of gonadotropic and ovarian steroid hormones during the periovulatory period in high ovulating select and control line gilts

Cyclic gilts from Control (C, randomly selected, n = 11) and Relax Select (RS, nine generations of selection for increased ovulation rate followed by seven generations of relaxed or random selection, n = 9) lines of the University of Nebraska Gene Pool population (derived from 14 different breeds) were utilized to characterize differences in gonadotropic and ovarian steroid hormones during preovulatory and postovulatory phases of the estrous cycle. Blood samples were collected during four periods (0500, 1100, 1700 and 2300) daily beginning 2 d prior to anticipated estrus (d -2, d 18 of a 20-d estrous cycle), and continuing through d 4 postestrus (d 0 = 1st of standing estrus). Sampling within a period consisted of five blood samples at 15-min intervals. All plasma samples were analyzed for concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Neither mean LH nor peak concentration of LH during the preovulatory surge differed between genetic lines (P greater than .10). Concentrations of FSH increased faster (line X period, P less than .05) and tended (P less than .1) to peak at a higher concentration in RS (.88 ng/ml) than in C (.54 ng/ml) gilts (P less than .05) during the 12 h preceding the FSH and LH preovulatory peaks. The second FSH surge began approximately 24 h after the preovulatory FSH peak. Peak FSH concentrations were observed at 42 h in both lines (1.46 vs 1.74 ng/ml for C and RS gilts, respectively). The higher FSH concentration in RS gilts established during the preovulatory surge was maintained through the second FSH surge (P less than .01). No line differences were detected in plasma concentrations of estradiol-17 beta and progesterone.