用digoxigenin标记DNA探针检测鸡贫血病病毒感染

用ｄｉｇｏｘｉｇｅｎｉｎ标记鸡贫血病病毒（ＣＡＶ）衣壳蛋白基因的重组质粒克隆作为探针对江苏、上海等不同地区随机采集的６０￣１２０日龄病鸡或死亡鸡的胸腺抽提ＤＮＡ，进行Ｄｏｔ ｂｌｏｔ检测ＣＡＶ感染情况。在被检测的８４只鸡胸腺病料中，有２４只鸡的病料显示阳性（阳性检出率为２８．６％），这一结果表明，ＣＡＶ感染在我国鸡群中已很普遍，且引起严重的二重感染。     

病鸡血清中鸡传染性贫血病病毒DNA的PCR扩增及抗体的ELISA检测

根据鸡传染性贫血病病毒（ＣＡＶ）的基因结构，设计并合成一对限制扩增长度为０．６８ｋｂ的ＰＣＲ引物．直接对临床可疑病鸡的血清进行靶ＤＮＡ的ＰＣＲ扩增．在不同地区的３批样品中，有２批扩增出一二分子量接近０．７ｋｂ的单一特异性ＤＮＡ片段．用限制酶ＢｇｌⅡ消化ＰＣＲ产物．可获得分子量分别为０．３３ｋｂ和０．３５ｋｂ两个ＤＮＡ片段，其酶切位点与靶ＤＮＡ的相吻合．将ＰＣＲ扩增为阳性的病料接种６日龄ＳＰＦ鸡胚，并取其１８日龄胚肝和由接种鸡肛孵出的雏鸡的血清重新进行ＰＣＲ扩增，结果均为阳性，而同期对照胚肝及雏鸡血清为阴性．此外还用胚胎时接种过病料的雏鸡肝、脾和胸腺等组织抽提液作抗原，建立了检测ＣＡＶ血清抗体的ＥＬＩＳＡ方法．研究结果提示，用ＰＣＲ直接对病鸡血清中ＣＡＶＤＮＡ的扩增以及ＣＡＶ抗体的ＥＬＩＳＡ检测是快速和特异的．它为鸡传染性贫血病（ＣＩＡ）的流行病学调查、实验室诊断、ＣＡＶ毒株的分离和鉴定提供了必要的检测手段．     

马立克氏病病毒（MDV）糖蛋白D基因的分离克隆,定序及其在大肠杆…

用聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）技术，从马立克氏病病毒（ＭＤＶ）ＧＡ株感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞（ＣＥＦ）基因组ＤＮＡ中扩增出ＭＤＶ糖蛋白（ｇＤ）抗原基因１２０９ｂｐ编码序列。将该ＰＣＲ扩增产物于ＥｃｏＲＩ和ＫｐｎⅠ位点克隆进行ｐＵＣ１８质粒载体中。将ｇＤ重组ｐＵＣ１８质粒ＤＮＡ用Ｄｉｇｏｘｉｇｅｎｉｎ（Ｄｉｇ）标记后，在Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ中，该探针能识别ＭＤＶ基因组ＤＮＡ的Ｂａｍ ＨＩ－Ａ克隆中的Ａ     

鸡传染性贫血病的综合防制

鸡传染性贫血病（Ｃｈｉｃｋｅｎ Ｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｕｓ Ａｎｅｍｉａ，ＣＩＡ）是由鸡贫血病毒（Ｃｈｉｃｋｅｎ Ａｎｅｍｉａ Ｖｉｒｕｓ，ＣＡＶ）引起的，其特征性病变为骨髓黄化，胸腺萎缩，出现造血机能障碍和免疫机能损害［１，２］。自 １９７９年从日本发现和分离到 ＣＡＶ以来［３］，德国、英国、美国、澳大利亚、荷兰和以色列都已先后报道了本病的存在。对ＣＡＶ感染的流行病学调查已表明，世界各地鸡群中，对ＣＡＶ的感染率都相当高，甚至在曾经认为是ＳＰＦ鸡群中也有４０％－５０％表现出ＣＡＶ抗体阳性。由此可见商品雏鸡中…     

凋亡素基因的克隆

为了探索应用凋亡素杀死肿瘤细胞的可能性,用ＰＣＲ方法扩增了鸡贫血病毒（ｃｈｉｃｋｅｎａｎｅｍｉａｖｉｒｕｓ,ＣＡＶ）的ＶＰ３基因（凋亡素）片段,然后将该片段重组于ｐＵＣ１９载体,并进行了限制性内切酶鉴定与序列分析,证实该片段与鸡贫血病毒Ｃｕｘ－１株的ＶＰ３ＤＮＡ序列一致,该ＤＮＡ全长３６３ｂｐ,编码１２１个氨基酸。     

产蛋下降综合征（EDS－76）病毒DNA探针的制备及应用研究

用纯化的产蛋下降综合征（ＥＤＳ－７６）病毒（Ｈ９１毒株）悬液提取的核酸，经琼脂糖凝胶电泳只出现１条分子量较大、背景清晰的核酸带。用ＢａｍＨＩ酶消化产生４个片段，大小分别为１７ｋｂ、１０ｋｂ、４．０ｋｂ和２．０ｋｂ。将其中的２．０ｋｂ片段克隆进ｐＵＣ１８ＤＮＡ载体中，重组质粒ＤＮＡ用ｄｉｇｏｘｉｇｅｎｉｎ标记作为ＤＮＡ探针，在ｄｏｔｂｌｏｔ中该探针不与鹅胚尿囊液核酸抽提物、马立克氏病病毒（ＭＤＶ）ＤＮＡ、鸡传染性贫血病毒（ＣＡＶ）ＤＮＡ、ＳＰＦ鸡基因组ＤＮＡ等核酸反应，只与３株ＥＤＳ病毒（ＥＤＳ标准毒株ＡＶ－１２７、ＥＤＳＨ９１毒株和从健康鹅体中分离的ＥＤＳＹ８１毒株）ＤＮＡ呈阳性反应。人工感染产蛋母鸡和雏鸡后２４ｈ即可用该探针从泄殖腔棉拭子样品中检测出ＥＤＳ病毒ＤＮＡ，在感染后３５ｈ仍能从部分感染鸡样品中检出。对部分探针检测阳性鸡的泄殖腔棉拭子样品用ＳＰＦ鸡胚分离病毒，并用ＨＡ和ＨＩ试验检测分离病毒的特异性；在感染过程中，同时检测了血清中ＨＩ抗体的消长情况。结果表明，人工感染鸡排毒至少可以维持２个月左右，而且血清中ＨＩ抗体即使很高，也不能阻止感染鸡的排毒。     

鸡贫血病毒DNA的PCR扩增及其分子克隆

用ＰＣＲ方法扩增了国内分离的鸡贫血病毒（ＣＡＶ）ＳＪ１株的含ＶＰ２、ＶＰ３以及部分ＶＰ１的１５００ｂｐＤＮＡ片段。经限制性内切酶酶切分析，该片段与Ｃｕｘ－１株的酶谱相似。同时，以ｐＵＣ１１９质粒载体克隆了这一ＤＮＡ片段。     

IBDV VP2/VP243基因DNA疫苗表达质粒的构建与表达

将传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）ＶＰ２／ＶＰ２４３插入真核表达载体ｐｃＤＮＡ中,置于ＣＭＶ启动子的调控之下,构建成ＤＮＡ疫苗表达质粒ｐｃＤＮＡ ＶＰ２和ｐｃＤＮＡ ＶＰ０。分别转染ＣＥＦ细胞后,于２４、４８、７２ｈ取细胞裂解液进行ＥＬＩＳＡ、ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ检测,ｐｃＤＮＡ ＶＰ２于转染后２４ｈ呈阳性反应,４８ｈ表达量高于２４ｈ;ｐｃＤＮＡ ＶＰ０于转染后４８ｈ呈阳性反应     

ELISA检测鸡传染性贫血病病毒抗体中的非特异性反应问题

为了监测ＣＳＩＲＯＳＰＦ鸡群，经常用商业ＥＬＩＳＡ试剂盒检测鸡群的抗鸡传染性贫血病毒（ＣＡＶ）抗体。近来发现个别鸡群的阳性率达１８．２％，占总数的２．７％。但后来采血发现大部分可疑鸡都为阴性，可见前面的结果存在假阳性。     

PCR、斑点杂交及间接免疫荧光试验对鸡传染性贫血病临床诊断的应用比较

应用能特异性扩增出鸡传染性贫血病毒（ Ｃ Ａ Ｖ） ０５８ ｋｂ Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 的已知引物，对江苏某地区疑为 Ｃ Ａ Ｖ感染的 １５～３０ 日龄病鸡的肝 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 样品进行了 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 扩增。结果，在被检的 ２０ 份样品中，有 ６ 份为 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 阳性，阳性率 ３０％ 。利用地高辛标记的 ０８５ ｋ ｂ 的 Ｃ Ａ Ｖ 核酸探针对相同样品进行斑点杂交，结果与 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 扩增相同。对应的病鸡血清经间接免疫荧光试验（ Ｉ Ｉ Ｆ Ａ）发现，有 ７ 份为 Ｃ Ａ Ｖ 抗体阳性，与 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 扩增结果的符合率为 ７７％ 。初步结果表明，江苏某地区存在 Ｃ Ａ Ｖ 感染， Ｉ Ｉ Ｆ Ａ 与 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 的结果有差异     

Studies on the pathogenesis of chicken infectious anaemia virus infection in six-week-old SPF chickens

The pathogenesis of chicken infectious anaemia virus (CAV) infection was studied in 6-week-old and one-day-old SPF chickens inoculated intramuscularly with graded doses of Cux-1 strain (10(6)-10(2) TCID50/chicken). Viraemia, virus shedding, development of virus neutralizing (VN) antibodies and CAV distribution in the thymus were studied by virus isolation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunocytochemistry (IP) and in situ hybridization until postinfection day (PID) 28. In 6-week-old chickens infected with high doses of CAV, viraemia and VN antibodies could be detected 4 PID and onward without virus shedding or contact transmission to sentinel birds. However, virus shedding and contact transmission were demonstrated in one-day-old infected chickens. In the 6-week-old groups infected with lower doses, VN antibodies developed by PID 14, transient viraemia and virus shedding were detected. The thymus cortex of all 1-day-old inoculated chickens stained with VP3-specific mAb. Cells with positive in situ hybridization signal were fewer and scattered throughout the thymus tissue of the one-day-old inoculated chickens as compared to IP-positive cells. These results suggest that early immune response induced by high doses of CAV in 6-week-old chickens curtails viral replication and prevents virus shedding.     

Polymerase chain reaction amplification for direct detection of chicken anemia virus DNA in tissues and sera.

Direct detection of chicken anemia virus (CAV) DNA in tissues and sera was investigated by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Using a pair of primers constructed to amplify the coding sequence of the CAV DNA genome, the PCR assay was shown to be extremely sensitive, being able to detect 1 fg of CAV replicative form DNA. The oligonucleotide primers used for the PCR yielded 583 base-pair (bp) amplified product, which was sized by ethidium bromide-agarose gel electrophoresis. Tissue samples from seven cases of suspected chicken infectious anemia were obtained for CAV isolation. DNA extracted from the homogenized suspension of pooled tissues of each case was analyzed by the PCR assay. Results showed that five of the seven cases were positive for CAV DNA by PCR, whereas CAV was isolated from four cases only. The PCR assay also detected CAV DNA in two of 37 serum samples from disease-free chickens. The specificity of PCR was confirmed by chemiluminescence dot-blot analysis of the amplified products.     

PCR结合斑点杂交技术在检测禽网状内皮增生病毒中的应用

为评价PCR结合斑点杂交技术在鸡REV检测中的应用价值,采用PCR法制备禽网状内皮细胞增生症病毒特异性地高辛标记DNA探针,同时用PCR技术、斑点杂交方法和PCR产物斑点杂交方法检测了不同地区的病、死鸡的组织样品REV的感染情况。结果表明,PCR产物斑点杂交法的检出率(45.16%,14/31)高于组织DNA直接斑点杂交法(32.26%,10/31),显著高于单纯PCR扩增法(0%,0/31)。PCR结合斑点杂交检测技术能快速、敏感、准确,充分避免PCR中的假阴性和假阳性现象,值得推广应用。     

鸡贫血病毒VP1和VP2蛋白在家蚕中的联合表达

将鸡贫血病毒VP1和VP2基因分别克隆入转换载体pBacPAK8中，获得重组转移质粒pBac-vp1和pBac-vp2。以上两质粒分别与CvnⅠ酶切线性化的亲本病毒Bm-BacPAK6DNA共转染家蚕细胞，通过蓝白斑筛选，纯化得到重组病毒Bm-vp1和Bm-vp2。PCR分析表明Vp1和Vp2基因已整合进杆状病毒基因组中。将Bm-vp1和Bm-vp2共感染5龄家蚕，通过表达产物免疫SPF鸡产生的抗血清与CAV感染的MDCC－MSB1细胞的间接荧光抗体分析，证明表达产物能诱导鸡产生相应的抗体。该研究表明，表达VP1和VP2蛋白的重组家蚕杆状病毒（recombinant BmNPV）是很有前途的CAV亚单位疫苗的生产系统。     

山东省鸡传染性贫血流行病学调查

本文对山东省12个地市58个鸡群传染性贫血的流行情况进行了调查,共检测了368份血清样品,蛋鸡群、肉鸡群和种鸡群的鸡传染性贫血病毒(CAV)ELISA抗体检出率分别为91.7%、77.6%和84.78%,平均抗体阳性率为83.2%,结果表明近几年山东省鸡群中CAV感染相当普遍,而且蛋鸡和种鸡抗体阳性率明显高于肉鸡群。     

鸡传染性贫血病病毒TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

根据鸡传染性贫血病病毒(chicken infectious anemia virus,CAV)基因组保守区域设计1对特异性引物和探针,通过优化反应条件,建立了一种快速检测CAV的TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR方法,同时验证其特异性、灵敏性和重复性.本试验建立的TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR方法灵敏度可达1.8×10¹拷贝/μL,远高于常规PCR方法;并与禽类其他病毒性疾病无交叉反应,具有高特异性.用分离的病毒人工感染1日龄SPF雏鸡,14日龄剖检,对感染鸡体内各器官的病毒分布及载量进行检测,结果表明,在脑、心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胸腺、法氏囊和血清中均可检测到病毒,肝脏、胸腺病毒载量明显高于其他组织.本研究建立的TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR方法特异性强、灵敏度高、重复性好,可同时检测大量临床样品,适用于CAV的诊断与流行病学分析.     

免疫抑制鸡群鸡传染性贫血病毒和网状内皮增生症病毒共感染检测

分别用digoxigenin标记的鸡传染性贫血病毒（CAV)和禽网状内皮增生症病毒（REV）核酸探针以及PCR技术对某种鸡场进行检测，检测结果表明，在20个样品中，CAV和REV感染的阳性率分别为10％和5％，这一结果显示，CAV和REV感染是导致该鸡场发生免疫抑制的主要病因之一。     

Isolation and preliminary characterization of chicken anemia virus from chickens in Nigeria

Chicken anemia virus (CAV) was isolated for the first time from the Nigerian chicken population. The virus was recovered from necropsied birds from broiler and pullet flocks that suffered disease outbreaks tentatively diagnosed as infectious bursal disease. A sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay detected CAV DNA in tissues of necropsied birds. Restriction endonuclease analysis performed with the 733-bp PCR product and the Cfo I enzyme indicated at least two different CAVs were circulating among the Nigerian chicken population. Four isolates were obtained from pooled liver and thymus tissues using the MDCC-MSB1 cell line. These isolates were found to be antigenically closely related to the Cuxhaven-1 (Cux-1) reference strain of CAV when reacted with four monoclonal antibodies prepared against the Cux-1 virus. One of the isolates (isolate A) induced thymus atrophy, bone marrow aplasia, and low hematocrit values when inoculated into 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens. These findings not only demonstrate that CAV is present in Nigeria, but they also likely represent the first cell culture isolation of the virus in Africa.     

Genetic characterization of chicken anemia viruses newly isolated from diseased chicks in Japan in 2020

In this study, a total of nine chicken samples obtained from two broiler flocks in Oita and Tottori prefectures in 2020 were examined for Chicken anemia virus (CAV) infection. The samples were collected from clinically suspected flocks and diseased chickens. The CAV genome was detected in all nine samples tested by real-time PCR. Phylogenetic analyses and sequence comparisons of the full-length VP1 gene sequences indicated that all the Japanese CAV strains obtained in this study formed a similar cluster of genotype III and shared high nucleotide (99.62–100%) identity. The current Japanese CAV strains were closely related to Chinese CAV strains but not related to vaccine strains. One positive selection site of VP1 was detected among the Japanese CAV strains.