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本文建立了温室灌溉模式评价指标体系,提出了基于模糊物元理论方法的温室灌溉模式选择的综合评价方法,介绍了该方法的原理.并以哈尔滨香坊农场为例进行了实证评价分析,并采用灰色关联投影法和投影寻踪方法对模糊物元方法分析结果进行对比分析,所得结果方案排序基本一致且与实际情况相符,说明该方法用于温室灌溉模式选择是有效的. 相似文献
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为查明沽源县浅层地下水水化学特征及水质状况,选取52组样品进行水化学组成分析.运用Piper三线图,确定研究区地下水水化学类型.在此基础上采用了不同的评价方法对该研究区水质现状进行评价.结果表明:该区浅层地下水化学类型主要以HCO3-Ca型为主;地下水质量综合评价结果显示研究区内18组地下水化学组分是比较高的,适用于农业用水,也可适当处理后作为生活饮用水;16组地下水化学组分高,质量标准评价为Ⅴ类水,不宜作为生活饮用水饮用.为了水资源利用效率,对其进行灌溉用水适宜性评价.通过对16组地下水作为灌溉用水评价,评价结果是DX-39处水质较差,不宜或不太适用于灌溉.研究成果可为该区浅层地下水资源的合理开发和利用提供科学依据,对保证灌溉当地农作物安全有着重要意义. 相似文献
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引黄灌溉对商丘地区浅层地下水位动态影响研究 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
利用人工神经网络技术,对商丘地区引黄灌溉与地下水位的动态进行分析预测,进行定量化研究。研究结果表明,该方法能较好地符合实际地下水位的年际变化。 相似文献
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节水灌溉综合评价理论与模型研究 总被引:20,自引:1,他引:19
本文根据“可能──满意度”理论,研究了节水灌溉综合评价指标的合理度确定方法,提出了定性定量指标结合的节水灌溉综合评价理论与模型,为节水灌溉工程的方案决策提供了新的有效的方法。 相似文献
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农用地整理潜力评价方法分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
从具体案例分析入手,指出了农用地整理潜力评价中增加耕地系数单指标评价方法的不足;结合增加耕地面积这一农用地整理的主要目标,提出了增加耕地面积与增加耕地系数相结合的潜力评价方法,并运用此方法对案例进行了实证分析;在此基础上,提出了农用地整理潜力评价的方向. 相似文献
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基于BP神经网络的黄河下游引黄灌区引水量分析 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
介绍了神经网络的基本原理及其 BP算法 ,建立了引水量预估的人工神经网络模型。实例分析表明该方法可行、预估结果可靠 ,为引黄灌区的引水分析预估提供了具有实用价值的基本理论和实施技术。 相似文献
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灌区参与式灌溉管理经济与社会影响评价探讨 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
李甲林 《中国农村水利水电》2003,(1):16-17,20
参与式灌溉管理是我国近年来在灌溉管理体制上的一项重大改革,它的实施在一些灌区产生了深刻的经济和社会影响,促进了灌区经济的发展和设施的建设,促进了灌区范围内新型社会关系的建立,正确评价其实施的社会和经济效果,评价其实施的社会价值,对于指导和推动灌区改革具有非常重要的意义。针对灌区实施参与式灌溉管理后对灌区经济与社会发展所产生的影响如何评价进行了探讨,提出了评价系统的结构、评价方法,列举了对甘肃省白银市东坪电灌工程参与式灌溉管理经济与社会影响评价实例。 相似文献
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Daniele Zaccaria Nicola Lamaddalena Christopher M. U. Neale Gary P. Merkley Nicola Palmisano Giuseppe Passarella 《Irrigation Science》2013,31(3):209-224
This study describes a model named HydroGEN that was conceived for simulating hydrographs of daily volumes and hourly flow rates during peak-demand periods in pressurized irrigation delivery networks with on-demand operation. The model is based on a methodology consisting of deterministic and stochastic components and is composed of a set of input parameters to reproduce the crop irrigation management practices followed by farmers and of computational procedures enabling to simulate the soil water balance and the irrigation events for all cropped fields supplied by each delivery hydrant in a distribution network. The input data include values of weather, crop, and soil parameters, as well as information on irrigation practices followed by local farmers. The resulting model outputs are generated flow hydrographs during the peak-demand period, which allow the subsequent analysis of performance achievable under different delivery scenarios. The model can be applied either for system design or re-design, as well as for analysis of operation and evaluation of performance achievements of on-demand pressurized irrigation delivery networks. Results from application of HydroGEN to a real pressurized irrigation system at different scales are presented in a companion paper (Part II: model applications). 相似文献
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针对以往节水灌溉综合效益评价中多采用简单的多指标综合评价的不足,运用熵权法来确定评价指标的权重,建立基于熵权的物元可拓模型对灌区节水灌溉综合效益进行评价,分别从节水灌溉的社会效益、经济效益和生态效益3个方面入手,构建评价指标综合体系.并以吉安市的田南灌区、谷口灌区、银湾桥灌区和南车灌区共4个灌区为实例进行评价,结果显示:银湾桥灌区的节水灌溉综合效益级别为“一般”,田南灌区的节水灌溉综合效益级别向“一般”级别转化,谷口灌区的节水灌溉综合效益级别向“较好”级别转化,而南车灌区的节水灌溉综合效益级别向“好”级别转化,采用灵敏度分析方法进一步验证评价结果的稳定,所得评价结果科学可靠.说明熵权物元分析法在节水灌溉综合效益评价中具有一定的应用价值. 相似文献
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Usefulness and limitations of decision support systems for improving irrigation scheme management 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
David Lozano 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(4):409-418
SIMIS (the FAO Scheme Irrigation Management Information System) is a decision support system that integrates tools and performance indicators to facilitate the planning and management of irrigation schemes. The authors used SIMIS to compute performance indicators in an irrigation scheme in Southern Spain that were used to identify distribution system constraints affecting the flexibility of water deliveries and to identify scheme sectors where deliveries could not meet the predicted crop water demands. Applying SIMIS, the authors and the irrigation scheme manager evaluated measures to overcome the constraints for future irrigation campaigns, and to refine the water orders made every 2 weeks to the basin authority. On the other hand, SIMIS presented limitations to the evaluation of on-demand delivery schedules. To overcome these limitations, an external model, developed outside SIMIS, showed that the current distribution network of the scheme has the capacity to deliver water on-demand only if a slight water deficit is accepted during the peak demand period. The analysis showed that by relaxing the stringency of the quality of operation of on-demand systems, rotation systems may be transformed into on-demand systems without changing their structures. This analysis could also be done using Clément's hypothesis, but doing so resulted in overestimates of the quality of operation and of the relative irrigation supply. 相似文献
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人工神经网络NIR定量分析方法及其软件实现 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
在Visual C++环境中采用面向对象技术,开发了PCA-MBP-NIR定量分析模型软件。通过40份小麦样品的原始光谱、加噪光谱(信噪比为14dB)与含水率所建立的PLS-NIR与PCA-MBP-NIR模型,对10份未知小麦样品的原始光谱、加噪光谱分别进行含水率的PLS-NIR与PCA-MBP-NIR预测分析。分析表明,对于含噪声的光谱,与PLS建模相比,使用PCA-MBP-NIR对未知样品预测结果具有更高的相关系数,更低的预测误差标准差。 相似文献
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为解决机电泵利用工频电源(50 Hz)作恒速运转条件下,灌溉面积或地形高差变化较大的管道式喷微灌系统灌水均匀度不能满足灌溉要求的问题,提出了一种变频调速分级恒压灌溉自动控制系统,该系统将变频技术和自动化技术相结合,具有变频调速和全自动闭环控制功能的机电一体化智能设备,可同时对1台或多台三相380 V,50 Hz水泵电动机进行自动控制.该系统设计了多段压力设置转换电路,可根据预先设定的压力控制值自动进行压力等级切换,并对管网的电磁阀开启、关闭进行控制,实现分级恒压自动供水灌溉.通过工程实例分析表明,采用水泵工频控制时喷灌系统水头最大差值为12.89 m,采用变频分级恒压控制时喷灌系统水头最大差值为3.38 m,满足设计压力变幅不大于4.00 m的要求.同时该系统具有节水、节能、自动化程度高、运行管理方便以及保证管网和水泵安全运行等功能,能够根据灌溉分区进行分级恒压自动供水灌溉,满足灌水均匀度要求. 相似文献
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农田灌溉对于提高农作物产量具有重要作用,灌溉管网漏损实时在线监测对提升农田用水效率具有积极的现实意义。本文设计基于嵌入式的农田灌溉管网漏损智能监测系统,通过压电加速度传感器、压力变送器和超声波流量计等传感器信号采集,获取农田灌溉管网的振动噪声、水压和流量等数据,通过嵌入式单片机自适应滤波处理后,应用4G无线数据通信模块,将传感器采集的数据传输到云平台,云平台应用管理软件系统对灌溉管网监测数据进行实时处理和分析,从而准确确定灌溉管网漏损情况。试验结果表明,在非灌溉时间测试管网漏损状态,系统能够有效采集噪声、水压和流量等传感器数据,噪声数值超过预警值80 dB并进行报警。数据在无线网络中传输稳定高效,数据无线传输延时小于1.8 s。云平台应用管理软件系统功能正常,数据查询平均响应时间小于1.2 s。系统部署实施快捷,可广泛应用于农田灌溉管网运行状态实时监测,有效提高农田灌溉用水效率进而实现用水精细化管理。 相似文献
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Robert Hecht 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》1990,4(1):59-76
In countries around the world where small-scale irrigation systems are being improved, the design and functioning of these upgraded systems will be greatly enhanced if pre-existing patterns of land and water rights and established procedures for system operation are taken into account. An appreciation of these rights and procedures can greatly influence the layout of the water distribution network, water management practices, anticipated cropping patterns, and the related incidence of project benefits. Failure to do so will almost certainly have an adverse effect upon the functioning of the irrigation system, and can often result in serious conflicts. This is illustrated by the case of small-scale irrigation development in Baluchistan Province, Pakistan, where limited analysis of property rights and management practices and lack of consultation with intended beneficiaries caused major delays during the initial stages of project implementation. However, by introducing a methodology for social action that included an assessment of property rights and extensive consultation with affected households during the design and construction phases, the physical features and operating procedures for the upgraded irrigation system were crafted in a manner which maximized economic returns within the range of options acceptable to the local community. 相似文献