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研究了恒温恒湿处理和浸渍温度对人造板吸水厚度膨胀率检测结果的影响.结果表明:中密度纤维板和刨花板的测定值随着浸渍温度的升高而增大,两者存在着一定的线性关系,而胶合板则受水温影响很小;在浸渍前试件进行恒温恒湿处理与否会影响测试结果.对于刨花板和薄型中密度纤维板,进行恒温恒湿处理是必要的. 相似文献
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采用不同水温对皂角种子进行时长24h的浸种处理,以研究不同水温处理对皂角种子萌发的影响。结果表明:不同水温对皂角种子发芽率和发芽势影响差异显著,最适水浸温度为80℃。 相似文献
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依据GB/T 17657-1999《人造板及饰面人造板理化性能试验方法》,检测人造板吸水厚度膨胀率(TS),探讨浸泡时间、水温和恒温恒湿处理条件对人造板TS的影响。结果表明:浸泡时间、水温和恒温恒湿处理条件,均对人造板TS有一定的影响,因此,在检测时,必须严格控制检测条件;同时对标准的相关条款如浸泡时间提出修订建议。 相似文献
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酸性染料由于颜色丰富,价格低廉而成为现阶段木材工业常用的染料。木材的染色效果通常与染料的渗透深度和分布均匀性密切相关。为了提高染料的染色效果,同时充分利用丰富的国产速生材,以杉木边材为试材,研究恒温浸渍法、冷热交替法和真空浸注法3种工艺对染料纵向和横向渗透性的影响。结果表明:(1)恒温浸渍法中,横向渗透性随着染液温度升高而增加,纵向渗透性则相反。横向渗透在染液温度为90℃时最大,为0.66~0.94 mm,而纵向渗透在染液温度为28℃时最大,为3.2~4.67 mm。在恒温浸渍中,染料的渗透深度随染色时间的延长呈现出无规则变化;(2)冷热交替法中,染料渗透性介于真空注入与恒温浸渍之间,温度差对横向渗透性的影响远大于对纵向渗透性的影响;相同时间内,交替次数的增加能显著提高染料在横向的渗透性,而纵向渗透性远低于横向渗透性;(3)真空注入中,染料在纵向和横向渗透性均最大,比恒温90℃浸渍2 h提高2.0~3.0倍。 相似文献
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通过试验,沙棘种子检验固定恒温,减少操作工序。符合国家标准化原则中的简化原则,沙棘种子检验温度为25℃恒温。 相似文献
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《林业科学》2018,(11)
【目的】地采暖地板蓄热性能检测仪采用密闭绝热双腔体结构,对试件进行检测时要求上腔体在900 s内达到设定温度为T_0的初始检测条件,温度误差小于±0.25℃,均匀度小于±0.20℃。针对检测腔体对初始温度的特殊要求,提出一种限幅模糊PID算法,以实现对密闭绝热双腔体腔内温度的快速、精准控制。【方法】首先建立限幅带,设Δe0,且Δe∈N,当测量值与设定值的偏差ε≤|Δe|时,输出增量由PID算法给出;当εΔe或者ε-Δe时,输出增量由模糊推理给出控制输出量。算法中将温度实际值与设定值的误差以及误差变化率划分为若干个论域中的模糊值,并且建立相应的模糊规则,对于任意一个实时温度采样值,控制系统能够自动求出与目标值的偏差,通过模糊算法给出相应的输出量,从而达到上腔体温度快速调节的目的。【结果】1)限幅模糊PID算法在820 s时,上腔体温度达到稳定状态,与原设计相比提前350 s; 2)温度精度达到±0.15℃; 3)腔体内温度均匀度为±0.15℃。【结论】基于限幅模糊PID算法的地采暖地板蓄热性能检测密闭绝热双腔体温度控制系统,可实现通过调节下腔体温度达到对上腔体温度快速、准确调节的目的,为检测初始条件的设定提供可靠保障,提高了整个设备的可靠性,保证了检测结果的准确性。 相似文献
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采用恒温搅拌回流的方式制备了[Rh(COD)Cl]_2,并通过正交试验对制备条件进行了优化,得出催化剂适宜制备条件:n(COD)∶n(RhCl_3·3H_2O)为3.5∶1,回流温度80℃,回流时间3 h。将制备的[Rh(COD)Cl]_2作为催化剂用于松节油的氢化反应,通过单因素试验和正交试验考察了反应压力、反应温度、催化剂用量及反应时间对反应的影响,优选出适宜反应条件,即4 g松节油,催化剂用量为松节油质量的2.5%,反应压力2.5 MPa,反应时间4 h,反应温度45℃。在此反应条件下,α-蒎烯转化率为98.21%,产物顺式蒎烷对映选择性为97.46%,收率为95.72%。 相似文献
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针对木材干燥过程中因干缩不均导致开裂等干燥质量问题,提出将模糊控制和PID控制相结合构成模糊自整定PID切换控制,以有效控制干缩力。在大误差时采用模糊控制,使实际干缩力值尽快达到设定值,提高干燥速度;在小误差时采用模糊自整定PID控制,使实际干缩力值与设定值基本保持一致,避免产生内裂。验证试验设置介质温度分别为70、80、90℃,相对湿度为30%,结果显示:松木试件在干缩力值分别达到最大值338、424、398N后开始减小,说明木材产生了开裂使干缩力得到释放;在同等试验条件下,采用切换控制后干缩力值在达到预设值后没有减小,保持稳定不变。MATLAB仿真与验证试验结果均表明:模糊自整定PID切换控制可以实现对干缩力的有效控制。 相似文献
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本文主要介绍了模糊控制的原理及模糊控制器的结构,结合模糊控制技术在给水自动控制系统中的应用,论述了该系统的工作原理、硬件构成、软件设计及模糊控制的主要策略。 相似文献
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针对树木枝芽的室外高温诱发多倍体处理,介绍了一种模糊PID温度控制器,该控制器具有显示温度、设定温度、自动控制温度等功能。控制器采用PID参数模糊自整定方法,充分发挥了其动态响应好、上升时间快、超调小的特点,具有较高的动态跟踪品质和稳态精度,并在实际应用中取得了较好的控制效果。 相似文献
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用定位研究的方法,在丹东不同区域建立生态因子观测场,测定不同土层厚度、pH值、土壤养分含量、空气温湿度、光照强度、降雨、蒸发量等各因子对银杏生长的影响,结果表明:在不同的温度条件下,银杏种子萌发和幼苗生长状况不同,经20 d后,种子发芽率恒温比变温高6.2个百分点,幼苗根系生长、苗高、地径恒温比变温分别提高36.7%和16%。经过遮阴处理,银杏幼苗生长好于对照区。生长在壤土和沙壤土上的银杏其生长表现优于生长在沙土和黏土上的,土壤含盐量以0.03%~0.043%,银杏生长良好。银杏对pH值适应范围很宽,在pH值4~8.5的土壤上均能生长。 相似文献
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We designed and tested a soil temperature control system for plant ecophysiological experiments in greenhouses and growth
chambers. The system consists of a plywood box, polyethylene liner, insulation, seedling containers, a water pump, and a flow-through
heater or chiller. One hundred and twelve seedling containers (11cm diameter, 13.5 cm high) are mounted in the plywood box.
There is a hole at the bottom center of each container to allow the free drainage of irrigation water and fertilizer solution.
The space between containers is filled with water that is circulated through the chiller/heater. The water is also circulated
within the plywood box by a water pump to increase the uniformity of temperature. The system was tested for three soil temperatures
(5, 20, and 30°C) over a period of four months. The containers were filled with a peat-moss vermiculite mixture and planted
with tree seedlings. The test showed that the soil temperature was almost equal to the water temperature for all three soil
temperatures (regression slop = 0.99, intercept = 0.12,r
2 = 1.00). The average soil temperatures were within (0.41°C of the set values. The soil temperature of the 112 containers
within the same box followed a normal distribution with a small standard deviation (0.34°C for the 30°C treatment). There
was a temperature gradient from the top to the bottom of the container (< 1°C). The direction of the temperature gradient
was determined by the direction of temperature difference between the soil and the ambient air. When the soil temperature
was lower than air temperature, the soil temperature decreased from the top to the bottom of the container, and vise versa.
The soil temperature was higher during the day than at night (difference < 1.5°C).
Funding for this research was provided by Lakehead University, CFI, ORDCF, and NSERC research grants to Dang, and an NSERC
PGS A to Cheng. 相似文献
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设计了一种新型的气力收集控制系统,采用模糊控制策略。可以根据工况的变化自动调节风机转速、使聚集器气压保持恒定值,既满足工作节省电能 相似文献
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The Cb value is a useful parameter for estimating the humidity control capacity of materials. It is defined as the ratio of the
range of variation of relative humidity in a steel box lined with the material of interest to that in an empty steel box,
when sinusoidal temperature variation is applied. However, because it takes a long time to obtain the Cb values for materials at each temperature variation period, we developed an easier method based on a linear excitation-response
theory to obtain the Cb values without measuring at each period. Japanese cedar was the material used in this study. The temperature excitation,
a jump from a constant temperature to another constant temperature, was used to obtain the absolute humidity response. Under
the assumption that the temperature excitation-humidity response relationship is linear, we were able to predict humidity
variation to sinusoidal temperature variation at any period, and we obtained the Cb value for each temperature variation period. Predicted values agreed well with the experimental values. From this, it was
found that the Cb value could be predicted without measuring the Cb value at each period over a long time. In addition, the peak time difference, which is closely related to the Cb value, could also be predicted in a similar manner. 相似文献