关于更新造林模式的探讨

关于更新造林模式的探讨李福双师国洪路洪顺（河北林业学校）孟滦林管局桃山林场在７０年代以前主要是荒山荒地造林。７０年代末开始迹地更新造林，实行新的更新造林模式，共营造人工天然混交林１６００多公顷，现已成林近１３３３．３ｈｍ２，使大面积的低质次生林改造成...     

桉树采伐迹地两种更新造林效果比较

为确保林地资源的可持续利用,保持生态平衡和物种多样性,以缩减桉树人工林的占比、提高森林生态功能为目标,平和县从政策上引导桉树经营业主在桉树采伐后的更新造林中去桉树、营造乡土阔叶树或针阔混交林。文章在近自然经营理念的基础上,通过营造林技术影响和林间植被生长状况调查,对桉树采伐迹地炼山造林不炼山造林两种更新造林模式在生态恢复方面的效果进行了比较分析,以期为桉树采伐迹地更新造林提供参考。     

辽宁朝阳县造林更新现状分析及改进的对策与措施

指出了朝阳县造林更新的必要性和可行性,探讨了造林更新的技术方法与管理措施,阐明了如何选择造林技术的树种,提出了人工造林更新问题的对策与建议。     

杉木3种更新方法的初步研究

在西江林场,采用实生苗造林、萌芽更新和插条造林3种更新方法对杉木林分进行了改造。结果表明:经实生苗造林和萌芽更新后,杉木林分的树高、胸径和材积生长均好于插条造林,而实生苗造林和萌芽更新的杉木林分的树高、胸径和材积生长相差不大。     

农安县农田防护林更新造林情况的调查报告

通过对农安县１９９６年春季农田防护林更新造林情况的调查分析,得出农田防护林更新造林工作是可行的。不同的更新方式（原带、滚带）对造林成活率没有什么显著影响,不同的造林时间对更新造林成活率有极显著的影响。４月２０日前完成更新造林,其成活率最高。     

枫香杉木(萌芽)混交造林观测小结

枫香杉木(萌芽)混交造林的主要方法是：在第一代实生杉木纯林的采代迹地上，栽植适当密度的枫香，抚育过程中保留部分伐蔸上的萌芽条，使之形成枫香杉木针阔混交林。这是我们在杉木林采伐迹地更新造林树种选择和配置的实践中总结出来的一种特定的更新造林模式。     

内蒙古大兴安岭林区应大力推行秋季人工更新造林

文章叙述了内蒙古大兴安岭林区的自然气候地理概况,详细介绍了现行的人工更新造林方式存在诸多不足之处,重点论述了经过实验证明的切实可行的秋季人工更新造林是比较理想的更新造林方式,倡导在全林区推广实施。     

关于营林更新造林财务成本核算的研究

更新造林,是以人工栽苗或人工直播、插条等方法作为恢复森林的手段,经过人工培育措施而形成森林,亦即人工更新。本文对更新造林的分类、核算对象和核算期等内容进行阐述,进而探讨了更新造林成本核算问题。     

广东省造林更新工程成效评价方法研究

为科学合理地评价广东省造林更新工程成效,选取核实面积、造林成活率、造林密度、树种选择、林木长势、当年抚育管护率和保存率(造林3年)等7项指标,采用层次分析法构建造林更新工程成效评价体系,运用造林更新工程成效评价指数(EI)对广东省2018年度造林更新工程进行评价。结果表明,广东省2018年度造林更新工程成效评价指数EI为0.85,评价结果为优。     

河西走廊杨树集约栽培研究

河西走廊是我国杨树栽培的主要地区之一。本文在试验研究的基础上，分析总结了该区适生杨树良种（品系）生长特点及深栽造林、灌溉造林、杨树更新等集约栽培模式的原理与技术。     

Modeling landowner participation in a proposed reforestation loan program

The absence of available credit to finance reforestation investments among NIPF landowners has been one of the contributing reasons why landowners do not reforest after harvest. Financial assistance programs are therefore a solution to initiating reforestation investments. However, previous studies indicate many landowners are not actively participating in existing government assistance programs. This paper examines reforestation loans as an alternative financial assistance program. Landowner participation in a proposed reforestation loan program is modeled using logistic regression. Results indicate that landowner participation in the program is influenced by ownership size, socio-demographic characteristics, and availability of other forestry incentive and assistance programs.     

宁化国有林场树种结构调整方案探讨

以现有人工纯林地力普遍衰退,林分总体质量下降为背景,从分析宁化国有林场森林资源现状入手,分析总结较优的混交造林模式和选择适宜造林树种,以优化造林模式,增加阔叶树造林面积,利用阔叶树在林地养护、地力保持、维持生态系统平衡等诸多方面的作用,从而达到调整和优化宁化国有林场树种结构的目的。     

The ecology and ecosystem services of native trees: Implications for reforestation and land restoration in Mesoamerica

Tropical forests provide a variety of goods and services to humanity. Although efforts to protect and manage these forests have increased in recent decades, forest loss continues. The last decade and a half has seen considerable research on reforestation with native species in Mesoamerica, including both biophysical and social aspects. Advances in knowledge have led to increasingly sophisticated reforestation treatments as well as novel ways of deriving forest goods and services from human dominated landscapes.This Special Issue includes articles produced as the result of a conference held in Panama City, Panama in January 2010 with the goal to summarize the state of knowledge of native species reforestation and associated ecosystems services in Mesoamerica. The introduction concludes with a call for continued research, including a mechanistic understanding of tree interactions with the biophysical environment in order to advance or knowledge of ecosystem services and their interactions. Results from these and other studies aimed at socioeconomic aspects of reforestation are critical to land use planning.     

对2009年人工造林实绩核查结果的分析

文章对内蒙古自治区2009年人工造林核查样本进行了综合分析,得出的结论对以后的造林工作有一定的借鉴意义。     

利用油茶改造低效生态公益林技术

利用油茶改造低效生态公益林,能有效增加林地的生态和经济效益。文章介绍了利用油茶改造低效公益林的适生区域条件,总结出油茶更新改造和补植套种改造低效生态公益林的技术。     

冀北沙荒地退化程度诊断及其短期封育效果评价

以冀北退化沙荒地为研究对象,以恢复生态学为研究理论基础,对冀北沙荒地各项指标进行权重赋值,诊断沙荒地的退化程度,并通过分析封育区、未封育区及其地带植被演替顶级群落的土壤理化性质和植被数量特征,评价5年封育效果。结果表明,沙荒地封育区及未封育区均属中度退化程度,沙荒地土壤状况尚未因为5年的封育得到明显改善;植被状况虽有明显改善,但还处在演替初期的草本植被阶段,与地带植被演替顶级群落仍存在很大差距,封育措施需要持续下去。     

Reforestation policy integration by the multiple sectors toward forest transition in the Republic of Korea

The Republic of Korea (ROK) started to experience forest transition in the 1960s in spite of severe deforestation and forest degradation by the mid 1950s. This ROK case followed the state policy pathway to forest transition. This study interpreted the reforestation policy of the multiple sectors in ROK with the theory of environmental policy integration. ROK has attempted an integrated policy program for reforestation, land management and social development as an innovative approach to solving the problem of flood and erosion due to deforestation while pursuing economic growth. This integrated approach to reforestation of ROK was implemented in three pillars of action: 1) coordinated national plans, 2) collaboration among the governmental branches, and 3) organizational reformation. The integrative approach helped the reforestation policy to be implemented successfully. The case of policy integration for reforestation in ROK is a good example demonstrating that policy integration should be a principle of forest policy design and implementation. The Korean experience could be informative to developing countries experiencing deforestation for design and implementation of forest policy to avoid deforestation and achieve forest transition.     

Farmer participation in reforestation incentive programs in Costa Rica

Reforestation programs are a common policy response among developing country governments in the tropics attempting to deal with environmental and economic problems caused by widespread deforestation. The objective of this paper is to examine participation by small-and medium-sized farms in two reforestation programs undertaken in recent years by one country, Costa Rica, which has been at the forefront of developing country environmental protection efforts. Analysis of a survey of 243 program participants and non-participants shows that farm households participating in reforestation programs had generally larger farm sizes, were dedicated to low labor-intensive, land-extensive agricultural activities, faced significant family on-farm labor constraints, were more heavily dependent on off-farm income sources, and had more extensive contact with local extension efforts. Logistic regression is employed to econometrically identify demographic, economic, and land use determinants of farm household participation in reforestation programs; the implications of these findings are analyzed. The limitations of reforestation programs, especially with regard to management factors and quality of reforested plots, are reviewed. Implications for improving the efficiency of reforestation programs and the merits of other policy alternatives are also discussed.     

中国造林再造林碳汇项目的优先发展区域选择与评价

阐述<京都议定书>框架下清洁发展机制造林再造林碳汇项目的重要意义和实施项目的特殊要求.根据国际规则和中国林业发展现状,依据1990年以来无林地状况、林木生长率、造林成本、生物多样性状况等指标,综合评价确定适合开展清洁发展机制下造林再造林碳汇项目的优先发展区域.     

Stock quality assessment through an integrated approach

Forest regeneration can be improved by matching seedling stock with reforestation site environmental conditions. To achieve this improvement, one must characterize seedling performance potential with anticipated field site conditions. A theoretical performance potential index (PPI) has been developed to forecast seedling field performance during the first growing season on a reforestation site. PPI includes material and performance attribute tests that characterize seedling performance potential under optimum and limiting environmental conditions. Test results are standardized and then integrated resulting in a comprehensive assessment procedure. The PPI concept is demonstrated using containerized western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) seedlings subjected to a series of dormancy induction treatments and the results are compared with actual seedling performance during the first growing season on a reforestation site. Results indicated that PPI values for western hemlock seedlings treated with various dormancy induction treatments corresponded to field performance. Possible use of PPI in stock selection is discussed.