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1.
The biological significance of mast cells and angiogenesis in canine melanomas is unclear. Eighty canine melanomas (56 malignant and 24 benign), investigated to determine the relationship between mast cell count (MCC), microvessel density (MVD) and clinicopathology, revealed significantly higher MCC and MVD counts in malignant melanomas. Evaluation of the prognostic significance of MCC and MVD in malignant melanomas showed a significant correlation between MCC and MVD both within and at the edges of the tumour. Multivariate analysis indicated that MCC and MVD were independent predictors of survival but the former was a significantly better prognostic marker. Greater numbers of mast cells and microvessels were found in malignant melanomas of poor prognosis. The findings demonstrate a prognostic significance of MCC and MVD in canine melanocytic tumours. 相似文献
2.
A study on dermatophilosis in sheep (n = 1432) and goats (n = 1128) was conducted in Northeast Ethiopia. Out of 2560 examined
animals, 55 (2.14%) had clinical dermatophilosis. The respective prevalence in sheep and goats were 1.5% and 2.9%. There was
no significant difference (p > 0.05) in prevalence between sheep and goats and different sexes in both species. In goats,
the prevalence in young (8.7%) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than in adults (2.3%). Clinical disease was associated
with orf (45% in sheep and 12% in goats), pox (22% in sheep and 18% in goats) and ticks in goats (36%, 12/33). Other risk
factors associated with transmission and spread of the disease were discussed. Vaccination against concurrent infections,
improved management schemes to alleviate the impact of risk factors and early antibiotic treatment against clinical disease
are recommended. 相似文献
3.
The objective of this study was to assess the reproductive performance of Rwandan cattle and determine the effects of husbandry
practices on reproduction. One hundred and fifty Ankole and Crossbreed cattle from 87 farms, were body condition scored (BCS)
on a scale of 1(lean) to 5 (fat), and examined rectally for pregnancy and ovary size and structures present. Questionnaires
were completed by the farmers to obtain information on husbandry and management practices. The mean age of onset of puberty
was 27.7 ± 10.4 months, the interval from parturition to first oestrus was 8.7 ± 7.8 months, calving index was 16.8 ± 5.2 months
and 44% (95% CL 0.36-0.52) of cows examined rectally were anoestrus. Crossbred cattle reached puberty younger than Ankole
cattle, 23.4 ± 10.4 and 28.4 ± 9.6 months respectively (p < 0.05; t = 1.944; df = 121). Cows in poor BCS (< 2.5) are 1.67
times as likely to be in anoestrus as those with higher BCS (≥ 2.5) (χ2 = 9.476; df = 2; p < 0.01). Increased weaning age resulted in increased calving index (p < 0.001; t = −3.60; df = 38). Reproductive
performance of Rwandan cattle is poor. Many of the problems can be attributed to husbandry practices and lack of experience
and training in raising cattle. 相似文献
4.
K. C. Pinello M. Nagamine T. C. Silva P. Matsuzaki H. V. Caetano L. N. Torres H. Fukumasu J. L. Avanzo J. M. Matera M. L. Z. Dagli 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(6):581-588
Mast cell tumor (MCT) is one of the most prevalent neoplasms that affect the skin and soft tissue of dogs. Because mast cell
tumors present a great variety of clinical appearance and behavior, their treatment becomes a challenge. While retinoids are
well recognized as promising antitumor agents, there have been only a few reports about retinoids’ effect on canine cancers.
The aim of this study was to investigate the chemosensitivity of MCT grades II and III to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA).
Immediately after surgical resection, MCT were prepared for primary culture. Samples of MCTs were also fixed in formalin for
histopathology and grading according to the classification of Patnaik et al. (Veterinary Pathology 21(5):469–474, 1984). The best results were obtained when neoplastic mast cells were co-cultivated with fibroblasts. Cultured mast cells were,
then, treated with concentrations of 10−4 to 10−7 M of ATRA, in order to evaluate their chemosensitivity to this retinoid. MTT assay was performed to estimate cell growth
and death. The highest level of mast cell chemosensivity was obtained at the dose of 10−4 M (p < 0,002). MCT of grades II or III were equally susceptible to the treatment with ATRA. Cell death was observed on the
first 24 h until 48 h. According to these results, ATRA may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of canine
MCT. 相似文献
5.
Thermal stress in cattle results in major decreases in dairy production and reproduction. A study was designed to evaluate
the influence of temporary cooling on pregnancy rate in Holstein heifers during summer heat stress. Estrus was synchronized
with two injections of prostaglandin (PG), administrated 11 d apart, and all heifers were housed in a shaded enclosed structure at the time of the second PG injection.
After estrus detection, heifers were randomly divided into three groups: Control (C; n = 30), Sprinkler (S; n = 30) or Sprinkler
and Fan (SF; n = 30). Rectal temperatures were measured 2.5 hours before AI, at the time of AI, and 1.5 and 3.5 hours after
AI. Group C heifers receive no further treatment, but heifers in S and SF groups were exposed to short-term cooling from 2
hours before until 2 hours after AI with a sprinkler (S) or sprinkler and a fan (SF), respectively. Estrus detection and AI
were performed by a single skilled technician; semen was from a bull of known fertility. Rectal temperature did not differ
among groups 2.5 hours before AI, but at the time of AI was lower (P < 0.05) in SF group (39.3 ± 0.0°C) than in S (39.5 ± 0.0°C)
and C (39.9 ± 0.1°C) groups which also differed (P < 0.05). At 1.5 and 3.5 hours after AI, rectal temperature remained lower
in SF group (38.9 ± 0.0 and 38.7 ± 0.0°C, respectively) than in the S (39.4 ± 0.0 and 39.2 ± 0.0°C, respectively) and C (39.3 ± 0.0
and 39.3 ± 0.0°C, respectively) groups, which no longer differed. Pregnancy rate following AI was higher (P < 0.05) in SF
group (56.7%) than in the C group (23.3%) with the S group (40%) intermediate and not different from either. The present study
results indicate that cooling of dairy heifers for a short time before and after AI, especially with sprinkler and fan, can
increase pregnancy rate during heat stress. 相似文献
6.
Variation in village chicken production systems among agro-ecological zones of Zimbabwe 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Muchadeyi FC Wollny CB Eding H Weigend S Makuza SM Simianer H 《Tropical animal health and production》2007,39(6):453-461
The degree to which village chickens are integrated in the smallholder farming systems differs depending on the socio-economic,
cultural and biological factors within each system. The objective of this study was to characterise the village chicken farming
systems and identify possible threats to, and opportunities for, local chickens in the agro-ecological zones of Zimbabwe.
A pre-tested questionnaire was administered to households randomly selected from five districts, Risitu (n = 97), Hurungwe
(n = 56), Gutu (n = 77), Gokwe-South (n = 104) and Beitbridge (n = 37) in eco-zones I–V, respectively. Age of head of household
averaged 47 years (SD = 14.3). Land holdings per household averaged 4.82 ha (SD = 3.6). Overall, 17.7 percent of the households
ranked livestock as the major source of income compared to 70.8 percent who ranked crops as the main contributor. Chicken
flock size averaged 16.7 (SD = 12.4), and the highest flock sizes were observed in eco-zones I and IV. Households owning cattle,
goats and other livestock assigned less important ranks to chickens. Chickens were used mainly for the provision of meat and
eggs whilst the use of chicken feathers and investment were uncommon practises. Results indicate that more support is necessary
for village chickens in the non-cropping regions of the country. 相似文献
7.
Jenise Daigle Alain Moussy Colin D. Mansfield Olivier Hermine 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(1):51-63
There is an on-going need to identify medications suitable for the long-term treatment of canine atopic dermatitis (CAD).
Masitinib mesilate is a potent and selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the c-KIT receptor. A strong relationship exists
between the SCF/c-KIT pathway and pathogenesis of CAD, suggesting that masitinib may potentially fulfil the above role. This
study reports on an uncontrolled pilot study of masitinib in CAD. Masitinib was administered orally to 11 dogs at a mean dose
of 11.0 ± 1.83 mg/kg/day (free base) for 28 days. Treatment response was assessed by evolution of clinical appearance according
to a modified version of the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (mCADESI), pruritus scale and surface area
of lesions. Masitinib improved CAD with a mean reduction in mCADESI of 50.7 ± 29.8% (95% C.I. = 29.4–72.0; p = 0.0004) at
day 28 relative to baseline, with 8/10, 8/10 and 4/10 dogs showing improvement of ≥33%, ≥40% and ≥50%, respectively. Improvement
was further evidenced by a decrease in pruritus score and the surface area of lesions. No serious or severe adverse events
occurred during this trial, although 6/11 dogs presented with mild to moderate treatment related adverse events. There is
sufficient compelling evidence to warrant further investigation. 相似文献
8.
A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of mastitis, identify the major bacterial pathogens and test the antimicrobial
resistance of milk bacterial isolates in smallholder dairy farms in Selalle area, Ethiopia. A total of 109 smallholder dairy
farms comprising 500 crossbred lactating cows were included. The prevalence of clinical mastitis at herd, cow and quarter
level was 8.3% (n = 9), 1.8% (n = 9) and 0.51% (n = 10), respectively, while that of sub-clinical mastitis was 54.7%, 22.3%
and 10.1%, respectively. The univariate logistic regression showed that among the risk factors considered, presence of teat
lesion, stage of lactation and parity number had significant effect on the prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis. However, after
multivariate analysis, only presence of teat lesion and stage of lactation had significant effect. The common isolates from
the clinical mastitic quarters were St. agalactiae (30%, n = 3) and St. dysgalactiae (30%, n = 3), while from sub-clinical cases were S. aureus (42.6%, n = 83), S. epidermidis (22.1%, n = 43), St. agalactiae (12.8%, n = 25) and St. uberis (10.3%, n = 20). Staphylococcus intermedius and Streptococcus dysgalactiae were the species, which showed high level of susceptibility for most of the antimicrobials tested, while the remaining had
varying levels of resistance for almost all the antimicrobials used. Among the antimicrobials employed, erythromycin and sulphonamide
showed the lowest proportion of resistant isolates. Considering the possible significant economic losses that could be incurred
by both clinical and sub-clinical mastitis, attention should be paid for further detailed investigations including the economic
losses and benefits of interventions in the study area. 相似文献
9.
The purpose of this study was to measure the dynamics of serum α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) concentration in dogs with various
tumors, and to investigate the localization of AGP in some tissues using immunohistochemical staining. Sera were obtained
from 171 dogs bearing tumors of various types. Serum AGP concentration was measured by single radial immunodiffusion. Tumors
occurring in the liver and spleen were also investigated immunohistochemically using anti-canine AGP antibody. Mean serum
AGP levels were 749 ± 602 mg/L in dogs with carcinoma (n = 39), 1,014 ± 971 mg/L with sarcoma (n = 18), and 887 ± 935 mg/L with round cell tumors (n = 46), all significantly higher than serum AGP level in healthy dogs (n = 137, 364 ± 106 mg/L). Mean serum AGP levels were significantly higher than in healthy dogs in complex mammary gland carcinoma
(n = 5, 876 ± 721 mg/L), malignant melanoma (n = 7, 1,010 ± 821 mg/L), and hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 5, 936 ± 741 mg/L) among carcinomas, hemangiosarcoma (n = 5, 1,740 ± 1,323 mg/L) among sarcomas, and lymphoma (n = 19, 1,072 ± 965 mg/L) and histiocytic tumor (n = 6, 1,800 ± 1,387 mg/L) among round cell tumors. In an immunohistochemical investigation of AGP localization, both weak
and strong staining for anti-AGP antibody were seen in hepatic tissue in dogs with primary non-tumorous lesions originating
in the spleen (hematoma) and elevated serum AGP, but all tumor tissue in the spleen was negative. Among dogs with primary
tumor lesions of the spleen (hemangiosarcoma) and elevated serum AGP levels, both weak, moderate and strong staining for anti-AGP
antibody were seen in hepatic tissue, while strong positive staining was apparent in all tumorous tissue from the spleen.
In primary tumor lesions in the liver (hepatocellular carcinoma), both moderate and strong staining for anti-AGP antibody
were seen in normal hepatic tissue, and both weak, moderate and strong staining were seen in tumor tissues of the liver. AGP
levels thus appear to be elevated in dogs with carcinomas, sarcomas, and round cell tumors. With some of these malignant tumors,
localization of AGP in tumor tissue was seen. 相似文献
10.
A longitudinal economic impact study of Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases (TTBDs) in cattle around Lake Mburo National Park (LMNP)
was done. Impact was valued using Uganda Shilling (Ug. Shs) (exchange rate of 1USD to Ug. Shs 1,420). The costs for controlling
TTBDs was constituting 85.6 ± 3.2% (pastoral) and 73.8 ± 4.2% (ranches) to total disease control costs. The main costs were
on tick control, constituting 83.1% (ranches) and 87.9% (pastoral). In pastoral herds, the costs were negatively correlated
to herd size (r = −0.99). The mean annual cost per cattle for controlling TTBDs for ranch and pastoral herds was similar Ug.
Shs 5,900 ± 545. The mean annual Economic Cost (EC) of TTBDs per cattle was not significantly different (p > 0.05) between
pastoral (Ug. Shs 6,700 ± 580) and ranch herds (Ug. Shs 7,600 ± 970). The mean annual EC per cattle was negatively correlated
(r = −0.99) with herd size in pastoral systems contrary to positive correlation (r = 0.99) observed among the ranches. The
major component of EC of TTBDs of 88.2% (pastoral) and 78.6% (ranches) was due to their control. The other component was owed
to mortality, which was positively correlated (p < 0.01) to the ranch herd size. The total annual EC of TTBDs around LMNP
was Ug. Shs 437,754,600 (USD 308,144). 相似文献
11.
Muma JB Lund A Nielsen K Matope G Munyeme M Mwacalimba K Skjerve E 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(5):723-729
The effectiveness of Rose Bengal test (RBT) and fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) in diagnosing cattle brucellosis in
endemic areas was assessed and RBT and FPA test agreement was compared (n = 319). The sensitivity of RBT and FPA in detecting
low Brucella titres were evaluated in paired sera (n = 34). A logistic regression model was constructed to predict cattle test result
in FPA using RBT as the main predictor and incorporating bio-data and animal history. There was 79.3% agreement between the
RBT and FPA (Kappa = 0.59; Std error = 0.05; p = 0.000) and a high correspondence between high RBT scores and positive FPA
results suggesting that sera with high RBT score may not require confirmation with tests such as competitive-ELISA or CFT.
High FPA cut-off points were more likely to miss animals with low antibody titres. The RBT had a reduced ability in detecting
low antibody titres compared to the FPA. FPA test interpretation was improved if a priori information, such as sex and age was used. Under the challenging disease surveillance conditions prevailing in rural Africa,
field-testing methods that are sensitive and specific; allow single animal contact, low technical skills in data interpretation
are suitable. 相似文献
12.
Genetic parameters were estimated for production traits and primary antibody response (Ab) against Newcastle diseases virus
(NDV) vaccine among two Tanzania chicken ecotypes viz. Kuchi and Tanzania Medium (Medium). Production traits studied were body weights at 8 (Bwt8), 12(Bwt12), 16(Bwt16), and 20 (Bwt20) weeks of age, age at first
egg (AFE), egg number in the first 90 days after sexual maturity (EN-90), egg weight (EW), egg shell thickness (STH), and
egg shape index (ESI). Heritability estimates for Bwt8, Bwt12, Bwt16, Bwt20, AFE, EN-90, EW, STH, ESI and Ab for Kuchi chicken were 0.38 ± 0.10, 0.41 ± 0.07, 0.44 ± 0.08, 0.45 ± 0.09, 0.42 ± 0.10, 0.31 ± 0.05, 0.43 ± 0.08, 0.53 ± 0.11, 0.48 ± 0.13
and 0.27 ± 0.06, respectively. Corresponding estimates for Medium ecotype were 0.39 ± 0.09, 0.43 ± 0.10, 0.42 ± 0.08, 0.43 ± 0.07, 0.52 ± 0.11, 0.32 ± 0.06, 0.50 ± 0.07, 0.61 ± 0.13, 0.52 ± 0.10
and 0.29 ± 0.05, respectively. Genetic (r
g) and phenotypic (rp) correlations in both ecotypes were highest among body weights (i.e. rg = 0.60 to 0.93 and rp = 0.54 to 0.78), and were lowest (around 0.10 and below, ranging from positive to negative) among primary antibody response
against NDV vaccine and production traits, and among eggshell thickness, egg shape index and other production traits. The
magnitudes of heritability estimates obtained in this study indicate good prospects of improving these traits in both ecotypes
through selection. 相似文献
13.
Foot and mouth disease in the Borana pastoral system,southern Ethiopia and implications for livelihoods and international trade 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Rufael T Catley A Bogale A Sahle M Shiferaw Y 《Tropical animal health and production》2008,40(1):29-38
Participatory epidemiology (PE) was used on the Borana plateau of southern Ethiopia to understand pastoralist’s perceptions
of the clinical and epidemiological features of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in cattle. Matrix scoring showed good agreement
between informant groups on the clinical signs of acute and chronic FMD, and findings were cross-checked by clinical examination
of cattle and assessment of previous clinical FMD at herd level by detection of antibody to non structural proteins of FMD
virus. The positive predictive value of pastoralist’s diagnosis of FMD at herd level was 93.1%. The annual age-specific incidence
and mortality of acute FMD in 50 herds was estimated using proportional piling. The estimated mean incidence of acute FMD
varied from in 18.5% in cattle less than two years of age to 14.0% in cattle three to four years of age. The estimated mean
mortality due to acute FMD varied from 2.8% in cattle less than two years of age to 0.3% in cattle three of age or older.
Pearson correlation coefficients for acute FMD by age group were −0.12 (p > 0.05) for incidence and −0.59 (p < 0.001) for
mortality. Estimates of the annual incidence of chronic FMD varied from 0.2% in cattle less than two years of age to 1.8%
in cattle three to four years of age. The Pearson correlation coefficient for the incidence of chronic FMD by age group was
0.47 (p < 0.001). Outbreaks of FMD peaked in Borana cattle during the two dry seasons and were attributed to increased cattle
movement to dry season grazing areas. The mean seroprevalence of FMD was estimated at 21% (n = 920) and 55.2% of herds (n = 116)
tested seropositive. Serotyping of 120 seropositive samples indicated serotypes O (99.2%), A (95.8%), SAT 2 (80%) and C (67.5%).
The endemic nature of FMD in Borana pastoral herds is discussed in terms of the direct household-level impact of the disease,
and the increasing export of cattle and chilled beef from Ethiopia. 相似文献
14.
Sarzamin Khan Muhammad Subhan Qureshi Nazir Ahmad Muhammad Amjed Muhammad Younas Altafur Rahman 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(7):1133-1142
The onset of pregnancy may be associated with hormonal changes and decline in milk yield of buffaloes. To investigate this,
forty lactating buffaloes from 1st to 23rd weeks post-conception were selected. The animals were assigned to three treatments:
PRT, PRS, NPRT and three milk yielding groups HMY, 66 to 75 l/week, n = 12; MMY, 56 to 65 l/week, n = 16; LMY, 46 to 55 l/week,
n = 12). Milk samples were collected on alternate weeks and analyzed with ultrasonic milk analyzer. EIA was used for milk
progesterone concentrations. Group means were compared and correlation analysis was conducted. Progesterone concentrations
increased in almost similar pattern with the advancing weeks post-conception. The high and low yielder showed greater progesterone
concentrations in the supplemented than the animals on traditional ration (P < 0.001). Progesterone concentrations correlated
positively with fat (%), negatively with milk yield, protein (%) and lactose (%). Decline in milk yield became drastic when
progesterone concentrations rose above 6.44 ng/ml. The pregnant animals on traditional ration exhibited a sharper decline
in milk yield with the increasing progesterone concentrations as compared to pregnant animals with supplemented ration. It
is concluded that concentrates supplementation induced a raise in progesterone levels. Progesterone concentrations and milk
yield showed an inverse relationship. 相似文献
15.
Landaeta-Hernández A Zambrano-Nava S Hernández-Fonseca JP Godoy R Calles M Iragorri JL Añez L Polanco M Montero-Urdaneta M Olson T 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(3):657-663
The variation in hair coat and skin histology traits of Criollo Limonero cattle was analyzed using 213 Criollo Limonero females.
Skin biopsies were obtained from slick-haired (N = 16) and normal-haired (N = 14) animals. Measured traits included hair length (HL), color coat (CC), number of hair follicles per square centimeter
(NHF), sweat glands per square centimeter (NSG), sweat glands size (SGS), sebaceous glands per square centimeter (NSBG), blood
vessels per square centimeter (NBV), and thickness of epidermis (TE). Hair length differed (P < 0.001) between slick- and normal-haired animals (4.9 ± 0.12 vs 10.9 ± 0.20, respectively). Differences (P < 0.01) in CC (Bayo = 144/67.6% vs Red = 69/32.4%) and HL (slick-haired = 199/93.4% vs normal-haired = 14/6.5%) were found.
Distribution of slick- and normal-haired animals differed (P < 0.01) between bayo-coated and red-coated (139/62.2% vs 9/4.2%; respectively). Most (P < 0.05) red-coated animals belonged to a single family. No differences (P > 0.05) were found between slick-haired and normal-haired animals in NHF (637 ± 164 vs 587 ± 144, respectively), NSG (556 ± 134
vs 481 ± 118, respectively), NSBG (408 ± 87 vs 366 ± 77, respectively), NBV (1628 ± 393 vs 1541 ± 346, respectively), and
TE (1.24 ± 0.14 vs 1.32 ± 0.12, respectively). However, SGS was greater (P < 0.01) in slick-haired than normal-haired animals. In conclusion, Criollo Limonero cattle are predominantly bayo-coated,
slick-haired, with a reduced number of hair follicles relative to Zebu cattle, sweat and sebaceous glands in proportion to
hair follicle numbers, and with a high blood flow irrigating the skin. There is a sub-group of red-coated animals with yellow
or cream skin, thicker epidermis, and with a higher frequency of normal-haired animals. It appears that the slick hair gene has been favored by natural selection in this breed. 相似文献
16.
Intisar K. Saeed Yahia H. Ali AbdelMelik I. Khalafalla E. A. Rahman-Mahasin 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(1):89-93
The current situation of PPR in Sudan was investigated. A total of 61 tissue samples were collected from various PPR suspected
outbreaks in sheep in Sudan during 2008. Collected tissue samples were tested for PPR antigen using IcELISA, PPR antigen was
detected in 26 out of 61 samples (42.6%). Highest antigen detection rate was in specimens collected from western Sudan. A
total of 1198 serum samples were collected from sheep (n = 500), camels (n = 392), and goats (n = 306) from different areas
in Sudan (Khartoum, Gezira, Tambool, River Nile, Kordofan, White Nile, Blue Nile, Gedarif, Kassala, Halfa ElGadida, Port Sudan).
Collected sera were examined for PPR antibodies using cELISA, a total of 336 (67.2%) sheep, 170 (55.6%) goat and 1 (0.3%)
camel samples were found to be positive. 相似文献
17.
A. Mori P. Lee T. Izawa H. Oda H. Mizutani H. Koyama T. Arai T. Sako 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(7):757-769
In order to evaluate the immune state of dogs suffering from pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH), peripheral lymphocyte
subsets were examined. Twenty seven PDH dogs and eight healthy control dogs were used in the current study. Eight healthy
dogs served as the control group. Twenty seven PDH dogs were categorized into 4 groups based on their post serum cortisol
concentrations by ACTH stimulation test: 2−5, excellent control (n = 8); 5−20, fair control (n = 7); >20, poor control (n = 4);
and untreated (n = 8). Cell counts were executed with white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes, CD3+ (T lymphocytes), CD4+ (Helper T lymphocytes), CD8+ (Cytotoxic T lymphocytes), CD21+ (B lymphocytes) cells in addition to calculating CD4+/CD8+ ratio. Results indicated a significant difference in lymphocyte numbers and lymphocyte subset populations (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD21+ cells) between PDH and control dogs. Moreover, comparison of the PDH groups (excellent control; fair control; poor control;
untreated) demonstrated that all groups had a significant decrease in lymphocytes numbers (CD3+, CD4+ and CD21+ cell counts) as compared to control group. Meanwhile, no significant differences were observed in WBC counts and CD4+/CD8+ ratio between groups. Furthermore, lymphocyte subset distribution in excellent control PDH dogs without concurrent disease
(n = 4) better resembled that of control dogs as compared to PDH dogs with concurrent disease (n = 4). PDH dogs may be suffering
from an immuno-depressed state as evidenced by significant differences in lymphocyte subset populations. Furthermore, treatment
of both PDH and concurrent disease might improve lymphocyte subset distribution. 相似文献
18.
The evaluation of progesterone (P4) concentration is a valuable tool in assessing physiological reproductive events and reproductive disorders in bitches. A reliable and rapid (preferable, point of care) determination of P4 is advisable in most cases. Aims of this study were to evaluate a fluorescence enzyme immunoassay (FEIA) for canine serum P4 concentration by (i) the agreement with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), (ii) the association with vaginal cytology and (iii) the accuracy in the prediction of the parturition date calculated from the estimated day of ovulation. Serum samples were collected from client‐owned bitches presented between 2011 and 2014 for the evaluation of their oestrous cycle, pregnancy or reproductive disorders. The agreement between FEIA and LC/MS/MS, evaluated on 19 samples, was statistically significant (R2 = 95.7%, p < 0.001), although FEIA showed significantly higher values than LC/MS/MS (p < 0.05). In the different phases of oestrous cycle, as determined by vaginal cytology, P4 concentrations (by FEIA) were statistically different (p < 0.05): anoestrus (n = 7) 0.38 ± 0.14 ng/ml, proestrus (n = 14) 1.04 ± 0.67 ng/ml and oestrus (n = 72) 6.8 ± 7.26 ng/ml. Mean pregnancy length from the estimated day of ovulation was 62.9 ± 1.8 days. In 13 of 22 (59.1%), 19 of 22 (86.3%) and 21 of 22 (95.5%) bitches pregnancy lasted 63 ± 1, 63 ± 2 and 63 ± 3 days, respectively. Three pregnancies were outside the 61–65 days range (60, 60 and 67 days). In conclusion, the FEIA method employed can be considered reliable and, in association with vaginal cytology, effective in evaluating the canine oestrous cycle. 相似文献
19.
The survey evaluated the market potential for guinea fowl (GF; Numidia meleagris) products in the city of Harare, Zimbabwe. Questionnaires were administered to traders/producers (n = 17), retailers (n = 12), cafeteria industry (n = 33) and consumers (n = 1,680) to establish their perceptions on guinea fowl products. The average household size was 6 ± 2. Each trader sold 10 ± 6.30
keets (mean ± standard error), 33 ± 15.05 growers, 20 ± 12.69 breeders and 20 ± 10.1 crates of 30 eggs per month. Each household
consumed 2.5 ± 1.39 kg of GF meat and 3 ± 0.65 dozens of GF eggs per month. Retailers purchased 52 ± 44.42 crates of GF eggs
and 41 ± 30.50/kg of GF meat whilst cafeteria purchased 33.6 ± 14 crates of GF eggs and 65.5 ± 33.52 kg of GF meat per month.
Growers for breeding were the major product for sale by traders (94.1%) at a price of US$7.50 ± 1.74/bird. Different industries
were offering different prices for guinea fowl products because of their scarcity on the market. The mean purchase price per
crate of 30 guinea fowl eggs sold to the retail and cafeteria were US$7.50 ± 1.74/bird. Different industries
were offering different prices for guinea fowl products because of their scarcity on the market. The mean purchase price per
crate of 30 guinea fowl eggs sold to the retail and cafeteria were US3.00 ± 0.58 and US$4.50 ± 0.50, respectively. The mean
purchase prices for GF meat was lower (P < 0.05) for retailers (US$4.50 ± 0.50, respectively. The mean
purchase prices for GF meat was lower (P < 0.05) for retailers (US2.5 ± 0.81/kg) than cafeteria (US$3.67 ± 0.83/kg). The challenges faced by producers in the marketing
of guinea fowl products included poor supply due to the absence of good road networks to connect source areas and the market,
perishability of dressed chickens due to power cuts and poor publicity. Overall, the study showed that there is greater market
potential for guinea fowl products and farmers can channel their products through traders, cafeteria and retail industries. 相似文献
20.
Baioni L. Basini G. Bussolati S. Cortimiglia C. Grasselli F. 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(1):1-9
Glucose is the major precursor of lactose synthesis in the mammary gland. Lactose the major carbohydrate and osmolyte of milk,
controls milk volume and its concentration. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbG) is a retrospective measure of mean blood glucose
level and it is largely unaffected by recent physiological conditions and environmental events. The purposes of this study
were to determine the correlations between lactose traits and other milk production traits in dairy cattle and to investigate
whether HbG level can be correlated with milk and lactose production traits. Here, HbG percentage, milk and lactose production
traits including milk yield, lactose, protein, SNF, total solid and fat percentages and yields were measured in 485 second
calved Iranian Holstein cattle. Statistically significant negative correlations were established between HbG and milk yield
(r = −0.88), lactose yield (r = −0.83), SNF yield (r = −0.81), protein yield (r = −0.79) and total solid yield (r = −0.74).
Positive correlations were established between lactose yield and milk (r = 0.96), protein (r = 0.81), SNF (r = 0.92) and total
solid (r = 0.79) yields. The negative correlation between HbG and milk and total lactose production is probably related to
the higher glucose demands in the lactating mammary gland of more productive cows. The positive correlation between lactose
yield and milk, protein, SNF and total solid yield indicates that the level of lactose synthesis influences milk production
traits in ways other than merely via its osmolytic action. 相似文献