超临界CO_2流体携带戊唑醇对木质材料的防腐处理工艺

以杉木、马尾松木材和中密度纤维板、刨花板为试材,利用超临界CO2携带戊唑醇对试材进行防腐处理,研究超临界CO2流体辅助防腐处理工艺对戊唑醇的留着率以及分布状况的影响。结果表明,随着处理压力的增大,试材中戊唑醇的平均留着率和分布梯度都增大;温度对戊唑醇剂的留着率影响较复杂,处理温度45℃,留着率最高,同时温度与戊唑醇分布梯度没有明显的相关性;处理时间以30 min为宜。     

Feasibility of supercritical carbon dioxide as a carrier solvent for preservative treatment of wood-based composites

 Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) was tested for its potential as a carrier solvent for preservative treatment of solid wood and wood-based composites. A preliminary trial showed that the treatability of solid wood varied with its original permeability and that the SC-CO₂ treatment was not promising for refractory timber species such a Larix leptolepis Gordon. In contrast, 3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC)/SC-CO₂ treatment resulted in enhanced decay resistance without any detrimental physical or cosmetic damage in all structural-use wood-based composites tested: medium density fiberboard, hardwood plywood, softwood plywood, particleboard, and oriented strand board (OSB). Further trials under various treatment conditions [25°C/7.85 MPa (80 kgf/cm²), 35°C/7.85 MPa, 45°C/7.85 MPa, 35°C/11.77 MPa (120 kgf/cm²), and 45°C/11.77 MPa] indicated that although small changes in the weight and thickness of the treated materials were noted the strength properties were not adversely affected, except for a few cases of softwood plywood and oriented strand board. The results of this study clearly indicated that the treatment condition allowed SC-CO₂ to transport IPBC into wood-based composites, and the optimum treatment condition seemed to vary with the type of wood-based composite. Received: October 24, 2001 / Accepted: February 15, 2002 Part of this work was presented at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 2001; and the 32nd Annual Meeting of the International Research Group on Wood Preservation, Nara, May 2001 Correspondence to:M. Muin     

术质复合材料作为建筑结构用材的应用

简要介绍了复合材料的种类、特点和木质复合材料的基本概念，并说明了木质复合材料作为建筑结构构件的优点。     

涂料与防腐剂复配处理木材的耐腐性能研究

文章以马尾松、尾叶桉、马占相思和南洋楹4种木材为研究对象,采用KJQ、TRQ、WAQ 3种涂料与防腐剂复配处理木材,研究复配涂料对木材耐腐性能的影响。结果表明KJQ复配涂料处理对提高马尾松的耐腐性能较其它2种涂料好。经KJQ复配涂料处理后,马尾松、尾叶桉、马占相思和南洋楹木材的耐腐性能由原来的稍耐腐等级提高到强耐腐等级,其中KJQ涂料与DDAC、IPBC和SGB 3种防腐剂活性成分复配后的处理材耐腐性能较好。     

Current Research and Development on Deformation and Fixation of Bended Wood and Wood-based Composites

There are many advantages of bended wood,such as good-looking shape,simple process and low cost.The product,however,is easy to get recovery,which is urgent to be dealt with.This paper concludes the features of deformation and recovery of bended wood and wood-based composites and summarizes four treating methods to keep dimensional stability.Compared to bended solid wood,some elementary perspectives on the research of bended wood-based composites are presented.The purpose of this paper is to suggest:1)to investigate the optimum heating time and temperature that bended wood and wood-based composites need from the formation of deformation to the recovery and to the permanent fixation,according to its changes of dimensional stability such as curvature radius;2)to measure the composites comprised of wood and adhesives on the changes of stress relaxation,dynamic viscoelasticity and crystal1ization field;3)to quantitatively analyze changes of the major components in wood cell wall polymers as well as the composites under heat/steam treatment and untreated conditions.It will be helpful for subsequent research to clarify on the mechanisms of permanent fixation of bended wood and also contribute to that of wood-based composites.     

浓缩硼木材防腐剂的生物毒性试验

文章研究了SGB硼浓缩液木材防腐剂对腐朽菌、白蚁和哺乳动物等生物的毒性,结果表明:SGB防腐剂处理材具有较好的抗白蚁性和耐腐性,该防腐剂对大白鼠的急性经口毒性为低毒级,SGB是适合用于喷涂使用的环保型木材防腐剂。     

硼浓缩液木材防腐剂的生物毒性试验

文章研究了SGB硼浓缩液木材防腐剂对腐朽菌、白蚁和哺乳动物等生物的毒性,结果表明：SGB防腐剂处理材具有较好的抗白蚁性和耐腐性,该防腐剂对大白鼠的急性经口毒性为低毒级,SGB是适合用于喷涂使用的环保型木材防腐剂。     

废弃木质材料的利用

保护环境、维护生态平衡是全人类共同关心的研究课题。材料界和技术界正在努力使工业材料和产品具有更好的环境协调性。废话弃木质材料利用是提高木质材料环境协调性的方法之一。本文主要阐述了利用废弃实体木材和废弃人造板的背景、方法、应开展的研究和意义。     

发展木质复合建筑的探讨

21世纪将是一个知识经济时代。林业比以往更依赖知识的生产、扩散、应用,其中木质复合材料作为一种高性能的环境材料在建材行业占有越来越重要的位置,从新材料带来新产品、新技术带来新设计、新问题带来新思考三个方面,探讨了开发木质复合建筑这一特有的林产品市场,提出了原材料工业化生产,构件产品标准化供应和适度发展木质复合建筑工业化的途径。     

硼化物抗流失性能的改善

在硼化物中添加少量聚合场，用此混合溶液处理的木材，其防腐性能不受影响，而防腐剂的抗流失性能却明显得到改善，同时处理材的尺寸稳定性得到了提高。本研究是一种将木材防腐和改性结合起来的处理方法，简单实用，提高了木材的使用价值。     

Review on Volatile Organic Compounds Emission from Wood Composites

INTRODUCTIONWhen people think about air pollution, they usually thinkabout smog, acid rain, CFC's, and other forms ofoutdoor air pollution. But do you know that air pollutioncan also exist inside homes and other buildings? It can,and every year, the health of many people is affectedby chemical substances present in the air withinbuildings. In fact, the indoor air pollution is more seriousthan outdoors’ actually. In recent years, someresearches have proven that the degree of indoor airpo…     

CCB木材防腐剂性能改善的研究

ＣＣＢ是一种性能优良的木材防腐剂，但它的抗流失性能不如ＣＣＡ，由于它是水溶性防腐剂，故处理后木材的尺寸亦不稳定。本研究采用在防腐剂中添加聚合物或树脂的方法来提高ＣＣＢ的抗流失性能，使ＣＣＢ处理材的尺寸稳定性大大提高。研究结果表明，在ＣＣＢ中添加少量聚乙烯醇缩醛树脂后，铜、铬、硼的流失与不加树脂相比分别减少５７．６３，７８．５３和９６，４６％；木材湿胀性在弦向减少９１．９７％、径向减少８８．３４％、体积减少８４，２０％；处理材的抗腐力也明显提高。     

基于SVM的CFRW导电性建模预测研究

针对碳纤维增强木质复合材料（CFRW）导电性具有非线性的特点,采用基于支持向量回归机（SVM）的机器学习方法建立碳纤维增强木质复合材料导电性预测模型。结果表明,所建模型的预测精度高、泛化能力强.     

TiO2在木材工业中的应用与展望

介绍TiO2光催化性能的基本原理,并在综合分析文献的基础上,总结国内外木材工业中TiO2的应用研究现状,指出:TiO2优异的环境特性和使用性能尚未被木材工业很好地研究和利用,在制备多功能型环保材料、抗紫外线材料和性能增强型材料等方面应用前景广阔.     

壳聚糖金属配合物处理后竹材的防褐腐作用及力学性能

以4年生新伐毛竹为试材,以褐腐菌棉腐卧孔菌为试菌,对壳聚糖铜配合物(CCC)、壳聚糖锌配合物(CZC)及相应的金属盐(氯化锌)和铜铬硼(CCB)、ACQ处理材的耐腐性能、力学性能及胶接性能进行研究.结果表明:1) CCC处理的竹材对棉腐卧孔菌的耐腐性能不及CCB和ACQ处理材;但是,随着CCC处理浓度的增加,处理材耐褐腐性能明显增加,当处理材中金属离子保持量达到5.141 kg·m-3时,腐朽后质量损失低于6.1%.2) CZC处理毛竹试材的耐腐效果低于CCC、CCB和ACQ,略高于氯化锌处理材,当CZC中金属离子保持量高于5.091 kg·m-3时,处理材的质量损失在26.4%～29.0%之间.3) 同素材(未处理材)相比,经防腐剂处理后的竹材力学性能及胶接性能均有不同程度下降,尤其是CCB处理材.在所测指标中,抗弯弹性模量和抗弯强度下降最明显,横纹抗压强度和胶接强度除CCB外变化不大.     

人造板有机挥发物(VOCs)释放的影响及研究

作为室内主要装饰、家具制作、建筑使用的人造板从原料到加工,直到使用过程都会有不同程度VOCs的挥发,其中成分比例较大的有甲醛、萜类、酮类及苯系物等。居住环境内部人造板释放出的VOCs是影响室内空气质量的重要因素,笔者系统论述了近年来国内外学者在人造板VOCs释放研究方面取得的成果,其中包括：人造板VOCs的来源,人造板VOCs的释放对室内空气质量(IAO)的影响,人造板VOCs的采集检测方法,国内外相关机构研究取得的进展,在此基础上,分析论述了国内相关领域未来的研究重点。     

声发射技术在木质材料损伤监测中的应用研究进展

木质材料损伤演化特征的监测一直是木材科学的研究热点。声发射技术是一种具有实时性、连续性的监测技术,在木质材料损伤监测研究中得到广泛应用。文中围绕声发射技术在木质材料损伤监测领域研究中的应用情况,总结了声发射技术原理与分析方法,归纳了木质材料特性对声发射信号的影响因素,并分别从木质材料损伤源定位、实木和木基复合材料损伤监测以及发展前景3个方面进行分析与讨论,以期为声发射技术在木质材料领域的进一步应用发展提供参考。     

三种国外木材防腐剂室内防腐防霉防白蚁性能评价

不含铬和砷的TanalithCuAz、Tanalith CY和Totim B是目前国外广泛应用的环保型木材防腐剂产品.本文报道了这3种国外木材防腐剂产品的首次国内室内防腐性能评价试验的结果.结果显示,用少量Tanalith CY和Totim B产品即可有效地抑制腐朽菌对木材的侵害;Tanalith CuAz对腐朽菌的抑制效力随其浓度的增加而快速增大;Tanalith CuAz和Totim B分别显现出良好的抑制白蚁、防止蓝变菌及霉菌侵染的功效.     

麦秸板耐腐性的研究

根据麦秸原料的特点，选择几种防腐剂制备防腐麦秸板，并对防腐麦秸板的物理力学性能及防腐效果进行研究。结果表明：与麦秸板相比，防腐麦秸板的耐腐能力有明显提高，但物理力学性能有所降低。本研究为扩大麦秸板的用途提供了科学依据。     

Preservative properties of vapor-boron-treated wood and wood-based composites

The treatability of wood (sapwood ofCryptomeria japonica D. Don) and wood-based composites (particleboard, waferboard, medium-density fiberboard, plywood) with vapor-boron was good, and the treated materials proved to be resistant to decay fungi and subterranean termites in laboratory bioassays. No difference in effectiveness was noted between vapor-boron and liquid-boron treatment of wood. Toxic threshold values determined for solid wood were 0%–0.24%, 0.26%–0.51%, and 0.26%–0.51% BAE (boric acid equivalent), respectively, against the white-rot fungusTrametes versicolor (L.: Fr.) Pilat, the brown-rot fungusFomitopsis palustris (Berk. et Curt.), and the subterranean termiteCoptotermes formosanus Shiraki. A concentration of less than 1% BAE seemed sufficient to control biological attacks on composites, although the toxic limits could not be determined more accurately because of the tested range of boron retention. High boron retention was needed to meet the performance requirements for slow-burning materials when a fire-retardant agent was not incorporated into the glue line.