Bilateral Leydig cell tumor in a six-year-old intersex goat affected by Polled Intersex Syndrome

A 6-year-old, sterile, Blanca Celtibérica breed adult doe was referred to our faculty. The doe had external female genitalia, a short anogenital distance, and normally shaped udders. Masculinization signs in the head shape and male behavior were also noted at the time of referral. Genetic analysis demonstrated normal 2n = 60 XX karyotype and an absence of the sex-determining region Y (SRY). The animal was homozygous for a DNA deletion responsible for the Polled Intersex Syndrome (PIS). A uterus and 2 uterine horns were present at the postmortem examination. Gartner's ducts and degenerated Wolffian derivatives persisted. There were 2 intra-abdominal testicle-like structures, one of which consisted of epididymal and deferent ducts. An advanced Leydig cell tumor, resulting in almost total destruction of the intratesticular structures, was also observed. Leydig cell tumors usually produce testosterone. Thus, these histologic findings are compatible with the evident virilization.     

崂山奶山羊无角间性综合征生殖缺陷基因的基因型分析

【目的】试验旨在对崂山奶山羊无角间性综合征(polled intersex syndrome,PIS)生殖缺陷基因进行定位并分析其基因型。【方法】以155只崂山奶山羊为研究对象,其中有角公羊9只、有角母羊34只、无角母羊29只、无角公羊47只、间性山羊36只。对36只间性山羊进行表型特征分析;以155只崂山奶山羊血液基因组DNA为材料进行遗传学性别鉴定;根据山羊基因组DNA的完整序列信息(RefSeq:NC_030808.1)分别设计PIS wt-2、PIS wt-3和PIS var-2 3对扩增引物,利用PCR方法验证山羊PIS区是否存在198 bp替换和108 bp缺失,并分析不同性状山羊PIS基因的基因型。【结果】36只间性山羊包括17只大阴蒂雄性假间性、12只拟雌性假间性和7只短阴茎间性这3种不同的表型,其性染色体均为XX;山羊PIS区是完全缺失的,且在129 427 003~129 427 905 bp区域并不存在198 bp替换和108 bp缺失;间性山羊的基因型全为突变纯合子,其突变类型为10.1 kb缺失/480 kb重复双突变;有角山羊的基因型全为野生型纯合子,没有发生10.1 kb缺失/480 kb重复;在检测的无角山羊中,有10只10.1 kb缺失/480 kb重复双突变纯合子公羊,其余无角山羊的基因型为10.1 kb缺失/480 kb重复单突变的杂合子。【结论】间性山羊的出现是由于10.1 kb的完全缺失和1个反向插入的约480 kb大小的重复片段导致,且间性性状仅发生在纯合子母羊中,而公羊的纯合缺失并不会出现间性性状。结果可为进一步揭示山羊无角性状的遗传机制以及培育崂山奶山羊无角新品系提供参考。     

Bilateral Sertoli and Interstitial Cell Tumours in Abdominal Testes of a Goat with Polled Intersex Syndrome (PIS)

An 8‐year‐old, mixed breed, polled goat was presented for evaluation of male‐like behaviour. Clinical findings included clitoromegaly, a heavily muscled neck, pronounced beard, and erect dorsal guard hairs, which are phenotypic characteristics commonly observed in intersex animals. Transrectal ultrasonography revealed the presence of two abdominal masses caudolateral to the uterine horns. Serum concentration of estradiol was elevated. Genetic evaluation was compatible with polled intersex syndrome defined by an XX karyotype without a Y chromosome or SRY gene. Based on gross and histologic evaluation, the abdominal masses were determined to be intra‐abdominal testes, each of which was effaced by Sertoli cell and interstitial (Leydig) cell tumours. The Sertoli cell tumours (SCTs) represented two unique histologic patterns. Regardless of pattern, neoplastic Sertoli cells were consistently lipid laden and positive for vimentin. Interstitial cell tumours (ICTs) were negative for vimentin. Clinical and histopathologic findings suggest that prolonged exposure to steroids secreted by neoplastic Sertoli cells contributed to virilization. In addition, results from immunohistochemistry indicated that vimentin may be a valuable immunodiagnostic tool for differentiation between interstitial and Sertoli cell tumours in goats.     

Management of obstructive urolithiasis and concurrent urethral rupture in a goat

A 4-month-old, male castrated Alpine White goat presented to the University of Guelph, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, with urolithiasis and a ruptured urethra. A tube cystostomy was performed using an indwelling Foley catheter. Postoperatively, the goat remained in good health, and was discharged with the cystostomy catheter in situ. Five weeks following surgery, the goat was noted to pass urine through its urethra. Seven weeks following surgery, the catheter became dislodged and the goat was observed to urinate normally. Six months following surgery, the goat was apparently healthy and urinating normally. Tube cystostomy may be a useful therapeutic option in the management of small ruminants with obstructive urolithiasis with concurrent rupture of the urethra, especially for cases in which treatment cost is a limiting factor.     

Surgical correction of urethral dilatation in an intersex goat.

Multiple congenital urethral abnormalities were successfully corrected in a polled goat kid. Anatomic genito-urinary abnormalities identified were paired testes with associated epididymis, ductus deferens, and active endometrial tissue. Blood karyotyping revealed the female state--XX sex chromosomes. This case exemplifies the complex interactions in addition to Y dominant Mendelian genetics that determine reproductive tract development in goats. The resultant intersex state is clinically recognized with greater frequency in polled progeny.     

无角陶赛特羊与小尾寒羊杂交试验

用无角陶赛特羊与青海省饲养的小尾寒羊进行杂交,试验结果表明:陶寒F1具有增重速度快、产肉性能高的优点,陶寒F13月龄重、6月龄重分别比小尾寒羊提高1.29kg(P<0.05)、5.58kg(P<0.01);日增重提高29.82g;胴体重、净肉重和眼肌面积分别提高5.13kg(P<0.01)、4.58kg(P<0.01)和4.0cm(P<0.01),杂交效果显著。     

An Equine Intersex with Unilateral Gonadal Agenesis

Cytogenetic and histological studies have been carried out on an intersex horse which was clinically diagnosed as a cryptorchid. The horse had the general conformation of a stallion but the external genitalia included a well developed vulva and a penis. The right testis which was descended was devoid of germ cells and the left “gonad” located in the cavum vaginale contained neither testicular nor ovarian tissue. The male duct system on both sides were relatively well developed despite the absence of a testis on the left side. Chromosome analysis on cultured cells from the descended testis revealed the presence of four chromosomally-distinct cell types with XX, XY, XXY and XO sex complements indicating a quadruple mosaicism. The presence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils exhibiting a drumstick, in the hemopoietic tissues and a sex chromatin body in the nucleated cells of buccal mucosa suggest that mosaicism prevails in other somatic tissues of the horse. On the basis of information derived from similar conditions in humans and some domestic animals it would appear that this horse resulted from an XXY zygote. The four cell types noted in the horse probably resulted through mitotic mechanisms favouring the loss of an X and a Y at different stages during embryonic development. The absence of gonad on the left side of this horse might be causally related to the preponderance of XO cell types in the somatic blastema during early gonadal differentiation.     

Catheter-induced urethral trauma in cats with urethral obstruction

Fifteen cats were evaluated with urethral obstruction. Penile trauma by catheterization was the major indication for perineal urethrostomy. Ten cats had developed a urethral stricture and five had rupture of the urethra following medical management. All cats had abnormalities in penis and/or prepuce and/or scrotal sacs including hyperemia or swelling. Perineal urethrostomy was performed in all cases and they were evaluated for 6 months after surgery. Few complications were noted. Urinary tract infection was the most frequent complication observed. The clients considered their cats to have a good quality of life following surgery.     

无角道赛特和萨福克肉羊胚胎移植研究

引进无角道赛特和萨福克肉羊,利用胚胎移植技术,加快良种畜群的纯种繁育进程。阜新市肉羊研发中心利用4年时间共超排供体羊99只,采集可用胚胎883枚,利用手术法移植受体羊850只,受胎558只,胚胎移植受胎率达到63．2%。研究结果表明：胚胎移植技术应用于畜牧生产进入商品化推广阶段是可行的。     

辽宁绒山羊卵泡闭锁中颗粒细胞凋亡特点的研究

本试验采用TUNEL原位法和DNA梯度电泳法等方法对卵巢上闭锁卵泡中凋亡的颗粒细胞类型和分布状况等进行研究。结果表明,辽宁绒山羊闭锁卵泡是细胞凋亡引起的。DNA梯状电泳表明,不同健康程度卵泡颗粒细胞凋亡程度不同;而颗粒细胞TUNEL原位标记表明,健康卵泡、轻度闭锁卵泡及闭锁卵泡中颗粒细胞凋亡比例分别为13.21%±1.23％、32.13%±2.13％、51.31%±3.02％;不同健康程度卵泡中类固醇激素水平不同,健康卵泡中E2水平较高,孕酮浓度较低;闭锁卵泡中E2浓度较低,P4浓度较高,健康、轻度闭锁和闭锁三类卵泡中E2/P4比值分别是2.62±0.03、0.074±0.0003、0.028±0.0004。     

Polioencephalomalacia associated with closantel overdosage in a goat

This report describes clinical and pathological findings associated with closantel (a halogenated salicylanilide anthelmintic) overdosage in a 3-year-old goat. The clinical signs included blindness, incoordination, ataxia, depression of the palpebral and pupillary reflexes, and recumbency. No gross lesions were noted in tissue or organs at necropsy, but microscopic lesions were seen in nervous tissue and hepatic cells. Polioencephalomalacia was clearly evident. Bilaterally symmetrical status spongiosus of the white matter of the brain, bilateral laminar necrosis, microcavitations, ischaemic cell change and severe degeneration of the cerebellum were seen in nervous tissue. Fatty change and hydropic degeneration in the liver and hepato-cellular degeneration were observed histologically.     

Hyperammonemia associated with urethral obstruction in a dog

Hyperammonemia was documented in a 10-week-old male Lhasa Apso referred for urethral obstruction and rupture. Results of liver function tests were normal. Staphylococcus sp was isolated from urine. Anomalies of the portal vascular system and hepatic insufficiency are the most common causes of hyperammonemia in the dog. Hyperammonemia, however, in the absence of recognizable concurrent hepatic disease, also may result from urinary stasis and infection with urea-splitting organisms.     

Hydrosalpinx in a goat

A two year old Swiss Alpine goat was referred to our clinic because of sterility. Ultrasound examination revealed a nonechogenic area cranially to the urinary bladder. As hydrometra was suspected, the goat was treated repeatedly with PGF2 alpha. Success of this therapy, however, was unsatisfactory and estrus was therefore induced by progesterone in combination with eCG and the goat mated. As conception failed and ultrasonography remained unchanged, laparoscopy was performed and a fluid filled structure could be located in the region of the right oviduct. After ovariohysterectomy and histo-pathological examination of the genital organs hydrosalpinx was diagnosed on both sides.     

Management of traumatic urethral rupture in 11 cats using primary alignment with a urethral catheter

OBJECTIVE: To assess the management of traumatic urethral ruptures using a systematic attempt at urethral catheterisation. METHODS: Eleven cats that had been diagnosed with a traumatic urethral rupture over a five-year period were included in this study. Rupture was assessed by positive-contrast retrograde urethrography. An attempt was made to manage these ruptures by placing an indwelling urethral catheter. RESULTS: The placement of an indwelling urethral catheter, could be performed in 10 out of 11 cats, which indicated a partial rupture. In one cat, catheterisation was not possible because of complete urethral rupture. A urethral catheter was placed into the urinary bladder via the urethra in five animals. In the other five animals, urethral catheterization required cystotomy using a modified 'inside to outside' technique. Urethral catheter removal occurred between five and 14 days after placement. Urethral healing was accomplished in all cases of catheterisation with a good outcome in eight of the 10 cats. Two cats showed clinical signs related to stricture formation during the follow-up period (seven to 72 months). Retrograde urethrography provided a definitive diagnosis of partial rupture in only six of the 10 cases of partial rupture. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Results suggested that primary alignment with the placement of a urethral catheter should be attempted for the management of traumatic urethral ruptures in cats. Gentle urethral catheterisation seems to be an effective procedure for diagnosing and dealing with partial urethral rupture in cats. Clinical stricture formation can occur, but the risk does not seem to be high. Further studies are warranted in order to define the ideal duration for maintenance of an indwelling urethral catheter in cases of traumatic partial urethral rupture.     

Laparoscopic Gonadectomy in Two Intersex Warmblood Horses

Two phenotypically female Warmblood horses were presented at the Clinic for Horses owing to stallion-like behavior. One mare had an enlarged clitoris, whereas the other one showed no signs of ambiguous external genitalia. In both cases, intra-abdominal testicles were removed by laparoscopy. Hormone status, cytogenetic evaluation, and histopathological examination of the gonads were performed. One animal was diagnosed as having XX disorder of sexual development; the other one, as male pseudohermaphrodite.     

Cryptosporidiosis associated with bacterial enteritis in a goat kid

A 7-day-old male Nubian-Alpine crossbred goat was examined because of listlessness, anorexia, and diarrhea. The presumptive diagnosis was severe enteritis. Large numbers of Clostridium perfringens and a non-pathogenic heavily encapsulated Escherichia coli were isolated from the feces. Cryptosporidium parvum was identified on the qualitative fecal examination. The kid improved after treatment with fluids and antibiotics.     

波尔山羊杂交改良萨能山羊和本地山羊试验报告

用波尔山羊冷冻精液与萨能山羊、浦江本地山羊杂交，杂一代羊体尺、体重有较大幅度提高。波萨山羊比萨能山羊6月龄体高、体长、胸围分别提高8．05％、7．95％、8．24％，初生重、6月龄重分别提高12．08％、20．53％，差异显著。波本山羊比本地山羊6月龄体高、体长、胸围分别提高22．85％、22、75％、18．42％，初生重、6月龄重分别提高41．53％、79．43％．差异极显著。每只波萨山羊比萨能山羊增加收入41．30元。每只波本山羊比本地山羊增加收入95．40元。     

云岭牛无角性状的分子鉴定与应用

[目的]对云岭牛的无角性状进行分子鉴定,以加快云岭牛无角品系的培育速度。[方法]采用PCR扩增与琼脂糖电泳分型的方法。[结果]在263头云岭牛中,221头牛的基因型与其无角与有角性状完全一致,分子鉴定成功率为83.03%,还有42头云岭牛(16.97%)不能正确鉴定其无角与有角性状。[结论]分子鉴定技术可以有效鉴定云岭牛的无角与有角性状,将缩短云岭牛的无角品系选育进程。