应用SSR标记进行部分黄肉桃种质鉴定和亲缘关系分析

以116份黄肉桃种质和19份其它桃或桃近缘种种质为试材,利用定位于李属参考图谱上的SSR标记,进行遗传多样性评价及亲缘关系分析。SSR扩增结果表明,筛选出的28对SSR引物共扩增出206个等位基因,其中多态性等位基因159个（占76.56%）。聚类结果表明,在相似系数为0.82时,黄肉桃资源在聚类图上呈两组：美洲、欧洲和亚洲育成黄桃品种聚为一组（Ⅰ）,中国地方黄桃品种中唯‘西安杏瓤桃’和‘天津黄肉’出现在这一组;来源于云南、华北、西北地区的中国地方黄桃品种聚为另一组（Ⅱ）。在相似系数为0.87时,育成黄桃品种（Ⅰ）分为8个亚组,美洲育成品种分布在所有8个亚组中,欧洲育成品种分布在Ⅰ-2、Ⅰ-3和Ⅰ-4亚组,而亚洲育成品种仅分布在Ⅰ-3和Ⅰ-4亚组;亲本相同的育成品种在聚类图中临接或出现在较近的位置,育成品种的聚类结果与品种的系谱关系基本吻合。在相似系数为0.87时,中国地方黄桃品种分为7个亚组,西南黄桃和西北黄桃存在一定的组群界限,来自西南的黄桃地方资源主要分布在Ⅱ-1和Ⅱ-5亚组,而来自西北的黄桃地方品种主要出现在Ⅱ-2、Ⅱ-4和Ⅱ-7亚组。品种群的聚类结果表明,亚洲育成品种与美洲育成品种间亲缘关系最近,其次为欧洲育成品种;中国地方黄桃品种与育成品种间亲缘关系较远。     

不同山楂品种亲缘关系的RAPD分析

为探讨山楂品种间的亲缘关系,采用RAPD技术对20个不同品种的山楂材料进行了基因组DNA多态性分析。从120个引物中筛选出15个10bp的随机引物对所选山楂品种的DNA样品进行PCR扩增,共得到216条谱带,177条表现多态性,多态性比率达81.9%,其中包含27条特异性谱带,揭示了山楂植物丰富的遗传多样性。且利用NTSYS软件和UPGMA法对扩增结果进行了品种间相似系数的计算及聚类分析,结果表明相似系数在0.71～0.87,实生楂与其他山楂品种亲缘关系较远。     

番茄种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD分析

利用RAPD分子标记技术,对63份番茄种质资源进行了遗传多样性研究。结果表明:从180个RAPD引物当中,筛选出22条稳定性好、多态性强的RAPD引物,共扩增出多态性带207条,多态性条带比率为86.96%,63份番茄栽培品种或品系间的相似系数介于0.28～0.99之间,说明RAPD能很好的对番茄野生种、近缘野生种和栽培种进行多态性分析。采用UPGMA进行聚类分析,得到与生物学分类地位基本一致的结果。     

基于SCoT分子标记的19份黄桃种质遗传多样性分析

【目的】分析黄桃种质的遗传多样性和亲缘关系,为选育新品种提供理论依据,有效避免骨干亲本重复利用和新品种遗传背景单一的问题。【方法】基于SCoT引物对19份黄桃材料进行遗传多样性分析,并利用软件NTSYS2.10进行聚类分析和主坐标分析。【结果】15条SCoT共扩增出283条清晰条带,多态性条带共277条,多态性比率为97.88%。19份黄桃材料遗传相似系数的变异范围为0.186～0.635,平均为0.324。聚类分析将19份桃材料分为5个群组,表明19份黄桃材料的遗传背景存在差异,遗传背景丰富。经主坐标分析,得到与聚类分析类似的结果。【结论】15条SCoT引物对19个黄桃材料进行有效区分,并将其分为5个组。19个黄桃材料的遗传背景存在显著差异。     

不同产地人参种质资源RAPD和SSR分析

以15个产地人参种质资源为试材,采用RAPD和SSR分子标记技术对其遗传多样性进行分析。结果表明:2种分子标记均能揭示不同地区人参种质间的遗传多样性。共筛选出11条RAPD随机引物,平均每条引物可扩增出3~17条DNA片段,共扩增出104条清晰条带,多态性条带100条,多态性百分率为96.15%,揭示供试材料间遗传相似系数(GS)为0.505 3~0.989 5,平均值为0.760 4。筛选出5对SSR引物,平均每对引物可扩增出1~8条DNA片段,共扩增出38条清晰条带,多态性条带35条,多态性百分率为92.11%,揭示供试材料间遗传相似系数(GS)为0.400 0~0.960 0,平均值为0.742 1。RAPD和SSR标记的聚类分析在分类上稍有差异,但总体趋势一致,RAPD、SSR及RAPD+SSR均将样品聚为三大类,均能揭示它们之间的亲缘关系,为人参种质资源的收集与利用奠定了基础。     

应用RAPD技术研究柿品种间的亲缘关系

采用随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）技术对原产中国、日本和韩国的部分柿品种间的亲缘关系进行了初步探讨。结果表明：（1）15个供试品种经OPA－06、OPA－08、OPA－19三个引物扩增后,品种间和引物间的谱带类型各不相同;（2）经6个随机引物扩增出的15个供试品种的谱带类型和相似指数的分析结果显示,‘富有’和‘次郎’,‘平核无’和‘仓光’,‘磨盘柿’和‘杵头柿’间可能具有较近的亲缘关系。     

山楂（Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.)遗传多样性的RAPD和ISSR标记分析

 利用RAPD和ISSR标记对35份山楂（Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.）资源进行了DNA多态性分析。12个RAPD引物共扩增出110条清晰的谱带,其中89条显示多态性,平均每个引物扩增出7.4条多态性谱带。13个ISSR引物共扩增出110条清晰的谱带,其中94条显示多态性,平均每个引物扩增出7.2条多态性谱带。基于RAPD和ISSR标记,利用UPGMA分别构建了35份山楂资源的聚类树状图。距离系数分别为0～0.62（RAPD）和0～0.64（ISSR）,表明山楂具有较高的遗传多样性。     

RAPD和SRAP分子标记在真姬菇菌种鉴定中的应用

利用RAPD及SRAP分子标记技术对从国内外收集到的12个真姬菇菌株进行遗传多样性分析.结果表明,20条RAPD引物共扩增出多态性条带285条,18对SRAP引物共扩增出多态性条带176条.在相似系数0.800水平时,RAPD和SRAP分子标记分别将12个真姬菇菌株分为5个和6个类群.两种方法均适用于真姬菇种内鉴定,而SRAP标记较RAPD标记稳定性好,更适于真姬菇的种内鉴定.     

籽用西瓜品种(系)间亲缘关系的RAPD分析

用随机扩增多态DNA（RAPD）标记方法对籽用西瓜的8个品种（系）和西瓜种内其它变种的4个品种（系）进行了遗传多样性的检测。结果表明：筛选出的14个随机引物都能扩增出多态性DNA片段,反映出了不同品种（系）的遗传差异;计算了这12个西瓜种品种（系）间的Net’s相似系数,建立了UPGMA系统树,得出了它们之间的亲缘关系。     

基于SSR标记的黄桃种质资源亲缘关系分析

利用SSR标记技术对12个黄桃品种（系）进行遗传多样性检测.结果发现,SSR标记能够揭示材料间的遗传多样性,从蔷薇科苹果属35对SSR引物中筛选出8对扩增稳定的特异性引物,构建其指纹图谱.8对SSR引物共扩增出78条DNA片段,其中44条具有多态性,多态性比率为54.6％,材料间的遗传相似系数在0.64 ～0.88之间,平均为0.759.通过聚类,从分子水平对黄桃品种（系）的遗传关系进行分析,并对12份黄桃种质材料进行了SSR标记分类,为黄桃种质资源的研究利用提供参考.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.