穴盘水稻秧苗茎秆蠕变与应力松弛特性的试验研究

为深入了解穴盘水稻秧苗茎秆拉伸过程中的力学特性,该文利用微控电子万能试验机对穴盘水稻秧苗茎秆常规拉伸、蠕变与应力松弛特性进行测试与分析。试验表明:常规拉伸一般有2次断裂,1次断裂前,应力-应变为线性关系,没有明显的屈服过程,且平均断裂应力大小随加载速率的增加而呈线性增加;拉伸蠕变和应力松弛过程分别利用伯格斯四元件模型和麦克斯韦五元件模型进行描述。通过对曲线进行拟合,得到相关的模型参数,基于选用的流变模型和本构方程,结合秧苗茎秆的生物体特点,分别对蠕变速率、蠕变柔量和应力松弛速率、应力松弛时间进行分析,结果表明:蠕变和应力松弛过程都是弹性动力与黏滞阻力之间彼此牵制的过程;蠕变过程产生与蠕变时间和初始应力呈正相关的塑性应变,应力松弛过程导致茎秆大分子链发生变化,均对秧苗茎秆造成一定损伤;秧苗茎秆内部含有柔嫩与粗壮2种组织结构。研究结果可为秧苗机械拔取的损伤评估和相关仿真分析提供参考。     

基于主成分与聚类分析的苹果加工品质评价

为了探讨苹果品种间理化品质的差异,给选育新品种和苹果合理加工利用提供理论支持,采集了30个苹果品种为试材进行模式识别分析。该试验所用苹果在2011年8-10月份按照苹果可采成熟度(九成熟)在辽宁省兴城市国家种质资源圃进行采集。试验测定了单果质量、体积、密度、果皮颜色、硬度、糖酸比、维生素C等20项理化品质指标,采用描述性统计、主成分和聚类分析方法对苹果品种和品质关系进行了分析。结果显示,30个品种苹果的密度、果型指数和含水率3项指标未表现出差异。对剩余17项品质指标进行了主成分分析,依据主成分解释总变量和碎石图提取了6个主成分反映原变量的82.3%的信息。第一主成分主要综合了可滴定酸、糖酸比及固酸比的信息即口尝品质因子;第二主成分主要综合了L值,a值和b值的信息,命名为颜色因子;其余主成分依次为甜度因子、质构因子、内在品质因子和果个大小因子。结合主成分得分图直观地显示了苹果品种和理化指标间关系:辽伏、理想、早金冠和瑞光分布在PC1和PC2的正向区间,糖酸比和固酸比值较大、口感好,但是果皮颜色较绿,是品质较好的早熟苹果;寒富、赤阳和红富士依次落在PC1和PC2第四区间,食用品质好、果皮颜色较红,是较为常见的晚熟苹果。分布在第二区间的普利阿姆,白星,Pvma果皮颜色绿且口感酸涩,不适宜鲜食,这些品种可能较为适宜进行加工。第三区间品种固酸比、甜酸比取值较小但是果皮颜色红,为选育果皮颜色受消费者喜爱且内在品质好的早熟品种提供了理论支持。聚类分析将30个品种苹果分为5类,聚类结果与主成分得分图结果基本一致,该试验初步判定30个品种苹果是否适宜鲜食,为苹果品种选育和加工应用利用提供理论依据。     

基于果实质地参数的葡萄贮藏特性评价

为探讨葡萄品种间贮藏特性差异,采用质地多面分析和整果穿刺法对6个葡萄品种(红玛斯卡特、亚历山大、夏黑、红地球、金手指、红宝石无核)的质地参数进行测定分析。结果表明,葡萄不同品种间质地差异显著,夏黑果肉硬度、咀嚼性最大,果肉弹性、内聚性、回复性和果皮韧性均最小;亚历山大果皮强度和果皮韧性均最大;红玛斯卡特果肉内聚性和回复性最大。贮藏过程中葡萄果肉硬度、咀嚼性、弹性、内聚性、回复性和果皮强度逐渐下降,而果皮韧性则呈上升趋势。贮藏14 d时,夏黑果肉硬度、内聚性、咀嚼性和果皮韧性降幅显著大于其他品种;贮藏35 d时,红玛斯卡特果肉弹性、内聚性、咀嚼性、果皮强度、果皮韧性均变幅较小,金手指果肉硬度、咀嚼性、果皮强度变幅较大。综合分析认为,6个葡萄品种中夏黑可短期贮藏,红玛斯卡特更耐贮藏,金手指较不耐贮藏,其他3个品种贮藏特性居中。本研究通过比较6个葡萄品种贮藏过程中质地参数变化差异,为葡萄品种筛选及新品种选育提供了一定的理论依据。     

果蔬成分与细胞结构对其质地特性的影响

为探究不同果蔬化学组分与细胞结构之间的差异及其对质地特性的影响,本研究对6种不同果蔬原料的化学成分、细胞微观结构、力学特性及质地特性进行分析。结果表明,苹果与梨的果糖含量较高,苹果的细胞结构较大;桃中蔗糖、水溶性果胶（WSP）与总酸的含量较高,细胞较小且排列密集,与其他果蔬差异较大;马铃薯与山药之间的差异主要体现在细胞结构方面。统计分析结果表明,纤维素（CEL）含量与应力-松弛特性参数均呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）;蔗糖、WSP含量与质地剖面分析（TPA）特性参数均呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）;颗粒密度、孔隙度与部分应力-松弛特性参数和质地特性呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）;细胞壁厚度、微观结构参数与部分质地特性呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。研究发现,影响新鲜果蔬质地特性的3个核心指标为黏滞系数（η）、体积密度、螯合性果胶（CSP）含量。本研究可为果蔬原料保鲜与加工利用提供一定的理论依据。     

苹果跌落冲击力学特性研究

果品跌落冲击力学特性的研究是表征其流变性能、跌落损伤机理以及设计作业件的基础。构建果实自由跌落冲击力学参数测试系统,对“富士”苹果进行不同高度的单次自由跌落、同一部位的多次跌落试验。在测试获得冲击力－时间数据的基础上,基于运动学原理进行理论分析计算,得到加速度－时间、冲击力－变形量、应力－应变以及跌落冲击弹性恢复系数等动态关系。研究结果表明随着跌落高度、跌落次数的增加,苹果冲击力、加速度峰值、冲击最大变形、冲击结束后的残余变形逐渐增大。苹果跌落弹性恢复系数随着跌落高度而逐渐降低,随着跌落次数增加而逐渐增大。跌落次数对跌落变形量增加的影响不显著,随着跌落次数的增加残余变形变化很小。     

苹果果实中毒死蜱残留的品种间差异及套袋对毒死蜱残留的影响

为探讨苹果果实中毒死蜱残留的品种间差异及套袋对其残留的影响作用,采用气相色谱法（GC-FPD）,研究了不同品种苹果果实中毒死蜱的残留动态以及套袋对苹果果实不同部位中毒死蜱残留的影响。结果表明,毒死蜱在苹果果实中的残留量存在着明显的品种差异,其中红富士属于高农药残留的品种,而嘎拉、红将军和83-1-70-3则属于低农药残留的品种。毒死蜱在苹果果实不同部位中的残留量表现出明显差异,果皮是毒死蜱残留的主要部位,其次是全果,果肉中的残留最少。套袋明显减少了毒死蜱在苹果果实中的残留量,不论处理浓度和取样时间如何,套袋苹果果实中毒死蜱的残留量比不套袋至少减少1/3。     

光诱导转录因子MdMYB1对苹果果皮花青苷合成调控的表达分析

MdMYB1是调控苹果(Malus domestica)果皮着色的重要转录因子。黄绿色苹果脱袋后果面现红色,为了研究其花青苷合成表达调控机制,本研究采用Real-time PCR方法分析了光照对4种不同颜色苹果黄绿色品种金冠和陆奥、红色品种富士、深红色品种红星果皮转录因子MdMYB1表达的影响。研究表明,不同颜色苹果品种着色速度、面积和MdMYB1转录表达速度及累积量有关。通过金冠、红星苹果果实套袋处理,研究了果皮着色过程中结构基因苯丙氨酸解氨酶(MdPAL)、花青素合成酶(MdANS)、查尔酮异构酶(MdCHI)和类黄酮糖基转移酶(MdUFGT)的相对表达变化,结果表明,红星处理和对照转录因子MdMYB1及结构基因在着色过程中是持续表达的,而黄绿色品种金冠则没有出现持续表达的态势。金冠苹果转录因子MdMYB1与结构基因MdCHI表达模式相同,与MdPAL相似,经分析MdMYB1和结构基因MdCHI和MdPAL启动子序列,金冠苹果携带等位基因MdMYB1-2,其启动子区域有多个G-box光结合位点,据此推测,光照调控的光敏色素通过结合其启动子区域的G-box位点来调控转录因子MdMYB1-2;MdCHI在启动子区域含有顺式作用元件MBS,MdPAL含有顺式作用元件MBS和MBSⅡ,说明转录因子MdMYB1-2调控结构基因MdCHI表达,并有可能调控基因MdPAL或有密切相关性。结果表明,红星果皮全面着色可能与着色期转录因子及结构基因的持续表达和基因间协调表达有关;而金冠果皮在着红色过程中光诱导的转录因子MdMYB1调控的结构基因起决定性作用。     

完整稻秆卷压过程应力松弛试验

为深入研究完整稻秆在卷捆压缩过程中的流变特性,该文利用自制的钢辊式圆捆机卷压试验台进行了完整稻秆卷压过程应力松弛试验研究。选择稻秆含水率、草捆干物质质量、卷捆钢辊转速、稻秆喂入速度为试验因素,并以应力松弛时间和平衡弹性模量作为应力松弛特性评价指标,进行4因素5水平正交旋转组合试验。结果表明:完整稻秆卷压过程应力松弛模型可用1个Maxwell单元和1个弹簧并联组成的三元件方程表示;各因素对应力松弛时间贡献率排序依次为稻秆含水率、草捆干物质质量、稻秆喂入速度、卷捆钢辊转速;对平衡弹性模量贡献率排序依次为草捆干物质质量、稻秆含水率、稻秆喂入速度、卷捆钢辊转速;当稻秆含水率为65%、草捆干物质质量为17 kg、卷捆钢辊转速为257 r/min、稻秆喂入速度为1.6 kg/s时,应力松弛时间和平衡弹性模量可分别达最佳值17.08 s和4.01 k Pa。试验结果可为圆型打捆机对完整稻秆的卷压工艺优化及其压缩机理分析提供必要的理论与技术支持。     

原状黄土蠕变特性试验研究

以在陕西省杨凌区所采集的黄土样品为研究对象,对不同初始含水率的原状黄土进行了剪切蠕变试验,获取了蠕变曲线和蠕变特征参数,并研究了含水率、剪应力水平对蠕变特性的影响.结果表明,当含水率一定时,剪应力水平对黄土的蠕变特性有较大的影响,表现为剪应力愈大,黄土的蠕变应变愈大;当剪应力水平一定时,含水率对黄土蠕变特性影响明显,表现为含水率愈大,蠕变应变愈大.根据蠕变曲线特征,建立了原状黄土的蠕变本构模型,通过试验数据拟合得到本构模型中的参数.经验证,该模型能较好地模拟杨凌地区原状黄土的蠕变特性.     

番茄果实蠕变特性表征的Burger's修正模型

针对经典Burger’s模型在蠕变特性表达中的不足,进行了绿熟期、变色期、红熟前期和红熟中期番茄果实的蠕变试验,并在Burger’s模型和常用指数型与幂函数型修正模型分析的基础上构造提出了4元件6参数修正模型.该模型对不同成熟期蠕变段试验数据拟合的平均决定系数与和方差分别达0.9975~0.9994和0.04047~0.07633,蠕变变形率和弹性度的拟合平均相对误差分别为2.54%~3.04%和2.89%~7.12%,蠕变量预测的平均相对误差为0.29%~0.46%,蠕变速率也与实际更加吻合,其曲线拟合精度、关键指标表达精度和蠕变预测精度大大优于Burger’s模型和常用修正模型.研究表明该模型实现了蠕变行为的更准确表征与预测,从而为果实收获、储运、分选的减损提供了更好的模型依据.     

Apple peels as a value-added food ingredient

There is some evidence that chronic diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease, may occur as a result of oxidative stress. Apple peels have high concentrations of phenolic compounds and may assist in the prevention of chronic diseases. Millions of pounds of waste apple peels are generated in the production of applesauce and canned apples in New York State each year. We proposed that a valuable food ingredient could be made using the peels of these apples if they could be dried and ground to a powder without large losses of phytochemicals. Rome Beauty apple peels were treated with citric acid dips, ascorbic acid dips, and blanches before being oven-dried at 60 degrees C. Only blanching treatments greatly preserved the phenolic compounds, and peels blanched for 10 s had the highest total phenolic content. Rome Beauty apple peels were then blanched for 10 s and dried under various conditions (oven-dried at 40, 60, or 80 degrees C, air-dried, or freeze-dried). The air-dried and freeze-dried apple peels had the highest total phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents. On a fresh weight basis, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of these samples were similar to those of the fresh apple peels. Freeze-dried peels had a lower water activity than air-dried peels on a fresh weight basis. The optimal processing conditions for the ingredient were blanching for 10s and freeze-drying. The process was scaled up, and the apple peel powder ingredient was characterized. The total phenolic content was 3342 +/- 12 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g dried peels, the flavonoid content was 2299 +/- 52 mg catechin equivalents/100 g dried peels, and the anthocyanin content was 169.7 +/- 1.6 mg cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalents/100 g dried peels. These phytochemical contents were a significantly higher than those of the fresh apple peels if calculated on a fresh weight basis (p < 0.05). The apple peel powder had a total antioxidant activity of 1251 +/- 56 micromol vitamin C equivalents/g, similar to fresh Rome Beauty peels on a fresh weight basis (p > 0.05). One gram of powder had an antioxidant activity equivalent to 220 mg of vitamin C. The freeze-dried apple peels also had a strong antiproliferative effect on HepG(2) liver cancer cells with a median effective dose (EC(50)) of 1.88 +/- 0.01 mg/mL. This was lower than the EC(50) exhibited by the fresh apple peels (p < 0.05). Apple peel powder may be used in a various food products to add phytochemicals and promote good health.     

薇菜类蔬菜生物力学性质试验研究

通过研究野生富硒植物薇菜的粘弹性力学性质等为食品物性学研究提供生物力学参数。选用吉林省汪清县山区野生薇菜为研究对象，对野生薇菜茎进行拉伸、压缩、弯曲、冲击、应力松驰、蠕变试验。得出了薇菜拉伸最大载荷、应力、应变、弹性模量、弯曲弯矩、弯曲应力，得出了薇菜冲击功、冲击韧性；还得出了薇菜茎应力松驰、蠕变试验数据和曲线，用三参数模型对应力松驰，蠕变数据进行拟合，得出了应力松驰方程，蠕变方程，得出了薇菜应力、应变随时间的变化规律。薇菜具有良好的生物力学性能，属于粘弹性材料。     

苹果采摘机器人柔顺抓取的参数自整定阻抗控制

为了实现苹果机器采摘过程中的柔顺抓取以减小果实损伤,该文在对苹果抓取过程的力学特性变化规律分析的基础上,提出了苹果采摘机器人柔顺抓取的参数自整定阻抗控制方法。首先,利用Burgers黏弹性模型表征苹果的流变特性,将抓取过程分为匀速加载、夹持减速、应力松弛3个阶段,在此基础上求解获得苹果形变量随时间的变化规律和果实接触力与变形量的变化关系。然后,求解出所设计的基于力的阻抗控制系统的期望输入以及抓取环境接触力模型。最后,针对阻抗控制器参数对接触力的影响,构造阻抗参数自整定变化函数,完成改进阻抗控制系统设计。仿真及试验结果表明:依据果实抓取模型及变形规律求解期望位置的方式来模拟末端执行器对苹果的抓取过程是可行的,所建立的抓取环境接触力模型在一定程度上能够避免将环境模型简化为一阶模型而产生的误差。改进阻抗控制得到的期望抓取力更加平顺,其超调量约为2.3%,接触力调节时间减小到0.48 s,接触力的超调量约为2%,较未改进阻抗控制的接触力超调量减小了37.5%。研究结果可为苹果采摘机器人的柔顺控制方法提供参考。     

Apple and pear peel and pulp and their influence on plasma lipids and antioxidant potentials in rats fed cholesterol-containing diets

The aim of this study was to assess the bioactive compounds of apple and pear peel and pulp in vitro and their influence on plasma lipids and antioxidant potentials in vivo. The antioxidant potentials measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), beta-carotene bleaching (beta-carotene), and nitric oxide inhibition radical scavenging (NO) tests in apple peel and pulp were significantly higher than in pear peel and pulp, respectively. The ethanol extract of apple peels showed the strongest inhibition of lipid peroxidation as a function of its concentration and was comparable to the antioxidant activity of butylated hydroxyanisole. The pear pulp extract had the weakest antioxidant ability, whereas other extracts such as apple pulp and pear peel were nearly equal. The antioxidant activities comprised contributions from polyphenols, phenolic acids, and flavonoids and correlated well with polyphenols and flavonoids. The correlation coefficients between polyphenols and antioxidant activities by DPPH, beta-carotene, and NO were as follows: 0.9207, 0.9350, and 0.9453. Contrarily, the correlation coefficient between the content of dietary fiber and the antioxidant activities test was low. The content of all studied indices in apple and pear peel was significantly higher than in peeled fruits (p < 0.05). Diets supplemented with fruit peels exercised a significantly higher positive influence on plasma lipid levels and on plasma antioxidant capacity of rats than diets with fruit pulps.     

Antioxidant activity of apple peels

Consumption of fruits and vegetables has been shown to be effective in the prevention of chronic diseases. These benefits are often attributed to the high antioxidant content of some plant foods. Apples are commonly eaten and are large contributors of phenolic compounds in European and North American diets. The peels of apples, in particular, are high in phenolics. During applesauce and canned apple manufacture, the antioxidant-rich peels of apples are discarded. To determine if a useful source of antioxidants is being wasted, the phytochemical content, antioxidant activity, and antiproliferative activity of the peels of four varieties of apples (Rome Beauty, Idared, Cortland, and Golden Delicious) commonly used in applesauce production in New York state were investigated. The values of the peels were compared to those of the flesh and flesh + peel components of the apples. Within each variety, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were highest in the peels, followed by the flesh + peel and the flesh. Idared and Rome Beauty apple peels had the highest total phenolic contents (588.9 +/- 83.2 and 500.2 +/- 13.7 mg of gallic acid equivalents/100 g of peels, respectively). Rome Beauty and Idared peels were also highest in flavonoids (306.1 +/- 6.7 and 303.2 +/- 41.5 mg of catechin equivalents/100 g of peels, respectively). Of the four varieties, Idared apple peels had the most anthocyanins, with 26.8 +/- 6.5 mg of cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalents/100 g of peels. The peels all had significantly higher total antioxidant activities than the flesh + peel and flesh of the apple varieties examined. Idared peels had the greatest antioxidant activity (312.2 +/- 9.8 micromol of vitamin C equivalents/g of peels). Apple peels were also shown to more effectively inhibit the growth of HepG(2) human liver cancer cells than the other apple components. Rome Beauty apple peels showed the most bioactivity, inhibiting cell proliferation by 50% at the low concentration of 12.4 +/- 0.4 mg of peels/mL. The high content of phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and antiproliferative activity of apple peels indicate that they may impart health benefits when consumed and should be regarded as a valuable source of antioxidants.     

Polyphenolic profiles in eight apple cultivars using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

Polyphenolic compounds of apple may play an important role in physiologic functions related to human health. Different polyphenolics may have varied biological activities including antioxidant activity. The objective of this study was to investigate the profiles of polyphenolic compounds in different apple varieties and different parts of an apple. The total and individual polyphenolics differed significantly among the eight apple cultivars grown in Ontario, and the peels had higher concentrations than the flesh. Among the tested cultivars, Red Delicious and Northern Spy had the highest concentrations and Empire the lowest. Five major polyphenolic groups with a total of 16 identified individual compounds were found, among which the dihydroxycinnamic acid esters, phloretin glycosides, and flavan-3-ols were found in both flesh and peel, whereas quercetin glycosides were almost exclusively found in the peel. Cyanidin 3-galactoside was unique to and found only in red apple peels. In both apple peel and flesh, the predominant group of polyphenolics was the procyanidins, followed by quercetin glycosides in the peel and hydroxycinnamic acid esters in the flesh. 3-Hydroxyphloretin 2'-xyloglucoside was newly identified in apple. The results obtained in this study will further the understanding of the polyphenolic composition of apples and their roles in health-promoting physiological functions.     

基于松弛试验的光皮树果实冷态压榨流变模型

该文以研究光皮树果实冷榨制油过程中的流变特性为目标,利用自制直筒式压榨试验装置进行不同压榨应变水平的应力松弛试验,基于岩石流变基本模型分段模拟应力应变关系,建立其流变模型并进行验证。结果表明:光皮树果实加载过程中应力应变关系呈现线性和非线性两部分,屈服应变为0.4,应力松弛量随着压榨应变的增大而增大。采用分段模拟建模分析,并确定相应的模型参数。首先利用弹性元件和阻尼器模组合而成的广义Maxwell模型模拟线性段松弛过程,再利用线性与川北公夫模型叠加共同模拟非线性段松弛过程,构建了直筒式冷态压榨的流变模型,并进行了参数求解。误差分析表明:应变为0.5时,相对误差较大;而实际压榨过程中光皮树果实压榨应变均大于0.55,在此段应变范围内的模型平均相对误差均在7%之内,因此该模型为研究光皮树果实直筒式冷态压榨设备时应力应变参数的选取提供基础数据。     

不同品种苹果幼树对氮磷亏缺的生理响应

【目的】探究不同苹果品种对低磷、低氮及低磷低氮胁迫的生理响应,为养分高效利用苹果品种的选育提供理论基础。【方法】采用沙培盆栽试验方法,供试材料为三年生‘嘎拉’/M9T337、‘富士’/M9T337和‘蜜脆’/M9T337矮化自根砧苹果(M9T337为矮化砧木)。以改良1/2Hoagland营养液为基础,设置正常、低氮两个氮水平(NO₃~–15、1.5 mmol/L)和正常、低磷两个磷水平(H₂PO₄~–1.0、0.1 mmol/L),共配置适氮适磷、适氮低磷、低氮适磷和低氮低磷4个处理。测定了苹果树体生长、叶片光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数,分析了苹果叶片氮、磷代谢相关酶活性,树体氮、磷累积量。【结果】与适氮适磷相比,适氮低磷和低氮适磷条件下,‘嘎拉’和‘蜜脆’的植株总干物质量均显著降低,‘富士’的植株总干物质量有显著增加;适氮低磷条件下的‘嘎拉’、‘富士’和‘蜜脆’叶绿素b含量均显著降低,F_o呈升高趋势,但‘嘎拉’和‘富士’的F_v/F_m显著升高且P_n...     

Developmental and varietal differences in volatile ester formation and acetyl-CoA: alcohol acetyl transferase activities in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit

Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars differ in their aroma and composition of volatile acetates in their fruit flesh and peel. Cv. Fuji flesh contains substantial levels of 2-methyl butyl acetate (fruity banana-like odor), while the flesh of cv. Granny Smith apples lacks this compound. Granny Smith apples accumulate mainly hexyl acetate (apple-pear odor) in their peel. Feeding experiments indicated that Fuji apples were able to convert hexanol and 2-methyl butanol to their respective acetate derivatives in vivo, while Granny Smith apples could only convert exogenous hexanol to hexyl acetate. Differential substrate specificities of the in vitro acetyl-CoA:alcohol acetyl transferase (AAT) activities were also detected among cultivars. In Granny Smith apples, the AAT activity was detected only in the peel, and its specificity was almost exclusively restricted to hexanol and cis-3-hexenol. In Fuji apples, the AAT activity was detected in both peel and flesh and apparently accepted a broader range of alcohols as substrates than the Granny Smith enzyme activity. Our data strongly suggest that different AAT activities are operational in apple tissues and cultivars and that these differences contribute to the variation observed in the accumulation of volatile acetates.     

Effect of Silicon Application on Silicon Contents in “Fuji” Apple in Loess Plateau

This study investigated silicon (Si) fertilizer application in an apple orchard; Si fertilizers were applied at rates of 50 and 100 g/tree, with humic acid and citric acid, respectively. The results showed that Si accumulation in apple tree was influenced by the type and amount of fertilizer, and was higher in organic Si treatment. Si content in leaves, peel, flesh and whole fruit significantly increased with increasing rates of Si application, especially in a high amount of organic treatment. This study indicates that the source of Si fertilizer and the rate of Si applications are important factors influencing the uptake of Si by “Fuji” apple tree, which is a widely cultivated apple species in Loess Plateau in China.