几种药剂对小菜蛾室内毒力及田间药效研究

小菜蛾是我国重要的蔬菜害虫之一 ,由于长期使用化学农药防治 ,小菜蛾对多种药剂 ,如有机磷类杀虫剂、拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂、沙蚕毒素类杀虫剂和氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂等产生了抗性 ,小菜蛾的防治成为十字花科蔬菜生产中要解决的重要问题之一。尤其是在气候温暖的华南地区 ,小菜蛾的全年发生 ,对广东、广西等地的无公害蔬菜产生了严重的影响。本文测定了广州地区常用防治小菜蛾的药剂如阿维菌素、高效氯氰菊酯等与菜喜、锐劲特等近年引入的新药的室内毒力和田间药效 ,为小菜蛾的综合防治寻找合适的药剂。1　试验材料和方法1.1　供试药剂Ａ .1.8%…     

6种植物源药剂对胡萝卜微管蚜的毒力测定和防效评价

为筛选防治胡萝卜微管蚜的高效植物源药剂,采用浸虫浸叶法、盆栽试验及田间试验评价了6种植物源药剂对胡萝卜微管蚜的毒力和防治效果。室内和田间试验结果表明,1.5%除虫菊素水乳剂和0.3%印楝素乳油对胡萝卜微管蚜毒力和防效最高,可在生产上推广使用。     

几种常用杀虫剂对瓜蚜的毒力和对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制作用

用叶片药膜法测定了4种常用杀虫剂氧乐果、辛硫磷、三唑磷、吡虫啉对呼和浩特市郊蔬菜基地温室黄瓜上发生的瓜蚜的毒力。结果表明,瓜蚜对吡虫啉最敏感,LC50 仅为4.203 mg/L,氧乐果、辛硫磷、三唑磷对瓜蚜的LC50分别为21.70、38.86、43.30 mg/L。研究明确了3种有机磷杀虫剂对瓜蚜体内乙酰胆碱酯酶AChE均有明显的抑制作用,并随着抑制时间的延长,抑制率增加。I50值分别为氧乐果9.6×10-6mol/L,辛硫磷11.4×10-6mol/L,三唑磷17.1×10-6mol/L。     

6种杀虫剂防治苹果黄蚜田间药效试验

通过6种杀虫剂对苹果黄蚜田间药效试验结果表明:20%丁硫克百威乳油对苹果黄蚜的防治效果最好,其次为5%啶虫脒可湿性粉剂、10%氯噻啉可湿性粉剂、40%毒死蜱乳油、25%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂,2.5%溴氰菊酯乳油效果最差。     

几种药剂对苜蓿斑蚜的室内毒力及田间药效试验

室内毒力测定结果表明,几种药剂在较低的浓度下对苜蓿斑蚜都有较高的毒力,尤其是0.6%阿维菌素可湿性粉剂和2.5%溴氰菊酯乳油效果最为显著,LC₅₀分别为1.22 mg/L和3.479 mg/L。田间药效试验结果表明,5%蚜虱净乳油、0.6%阿维菌素可湿性粉剂的防效与常用农药4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油、20%灭多威乳油相似,2 000～3 000倍液下,7 d对苜蓿斑蚜的防效为92.86%～97.67%。     

阿维菌素，吡虫啉及其混剂对菜蚜的毒力测定和田间药效试验

采用浸渍法测定阿维菌素，吡虫啉及其混剂对菜蚜的毒力，阿维菌素与吡虫啉混配，各个配比均有增效作用，其中以LC50剂量1∶8的配比增效作用最大，毒性比率和共毒系数分别为1．82和194．20。阿维菌素与吡虫啉的混剂对菜蚜有较好的防治效果，室内结果在田间试验中得到验证。     

5种杀虫剂对青菜黄曲条跳甲的毒力测定及田间药效

为了筛选有效防治青菜黄曲条跳甲的药剂,在室内测定了5种杀虫剂对黄曲条跳甲成虫的毒力,并开展了这5种药剂对黄曲条跳甲的田间药效试验。毒力测定结果表明,10%啶虫脒WP对黄曲条跳甲的毒力最高,28%杀虫·啶虫脒WP毒力最低,LC50分别为7.20 mg/L和18.63 mg/L,5种药剂的毒力大小依次为:10%啶虫脒WP>42%啶虫·哒螨灵WP>5%鱼藤酮SL>15%哒螨灵EC>28%杀虫·啶虫脒WP。田间药效试验结果表明,42%啶虫·哒螨灵WP和15%哒螨灵EC的防效最优,10%啶虫脒WP、28%杀虫·啶虫脒WP和5%鱼藤酮SL 3种药剂总体防效相当,但低于42%啶虫·哒螨灵WP和15%哒螨灵EC。综合来看,建议使用42%啶虫·哒螨灵WP 126~189 g/hm2、15%哒螨灵EC 90~135 g/hm2、28%杀虫·啶虫脒WP 294~420 g/hm2、10%啶虫脒WP 60~90 g/hm2、5%鱼藤酮SL 150~225 g/hm2对青菜黄曲条跳甲进行防治。     

浸虫法测定5种农药对甘蓝蚜的室内毒力

通过采用浸虫法,对甘蓝蚜室内毒力测定结果表明,阿维菌素、吡虫啉、毒死蜱、苏云菌.薄荷10%乳油和苏云菌.薄荷3%乳油,处理24h后LD50分别为0.962 1、2.103 6、9.442 1、996.397和2 283.659 2;处理48h后LD50分别为0.005 1、0.018 3、0.274 9、86.465 1和91.725 6;处理72h后LD50分别0.000 3、0.001 3、0.024 6、0.741 0和24.804 4。     

10种杀虫剂对4种蓟马的毒力及对西花蓟马的田间药效评价

蓟马对农作物的危害逐年加重, 为筛选防治蓟马的高效低毒药剂, 采用叶管药膜法测定了10种常用药剂对4种蓟马的室内毒力, 并开展了田间防效试验。室内毒力测定结果表明, 6%乙基多杀菌素SC和10%虫螨腈SC对4种蓟马的毒力相对较高, 25%噻虫嗪WG和5%甲维盐EC的毒力较低, 西花蓟马和瓜蓟马对10种药剂的敏感性低于花蓟马和烟蓟马。田间药效结果表明, 25%噻虫嗪WG、10%溴虫氟苯双酰胺SC和4.5%高效氯氰菊酯EC对西花蓟马的防效较高, 药后7 d药效最高达到90%以上。综合室内毒力和田间药效试验结果, 推荐4.5%高效氯氰菊酯EC和10%溴虫氟苯双酰胺SC为防治蓟马的首选药剂, 可与25%噻虫嗪WG、48%多杀霉素SC、1.8%阿维菌素EC和10%吡丙醚SC等药剂轮换使用。     

5种药剂对枸杞棉蚜室内毒力及田间防效

为了明确5种药剂对枸杞棉蚜的适宜施药剂量,开展了室内毒力测定和田间药效试验.结果 表明,1％甲维盐EC对枸杞棉蚜的毒力最高,50％噻虫嗪WG毒力最低,24 h LC50分别为2.44 mg/L和1875.69 mg/L.5种药剂毒力大小依次为甲维盐＞啶虫脒＞吡蚜酮＞呋虫胺＞噻虫嗪.田间试验结果表明,随着施药时间的延长,...     

Efficacy of dose-dependent indigenous microbial insecticides against cotton aphid,Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae) at various temperature regimes

Strain selection based on temperature may be warranted when choosing an isolate for development as a microbial control agent. To this end, the effects of three temperature regimes, namely 20, 25 and 30°C, on the virulence of four Beauveria and two Metarhizium isolates against the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, were investigated under controlled conditions, 65–70% relative humidity, and a photoperiod of 12:12 (light: dark) hours. The isolates did vary significantly in their activities of efficacy over a range of temperatures. The highest mortality and lowest survival times were observed at 25°C for DLCO41 and at 30°C for DLCO87; while mortality decreased and survival time increased at temperatures of 20°C. Besides the tested fungal isolate DLCO87 had the lowest LC₅₀ value (6.84 × 10⁵ conidia mL^?1) at 30°C. The promising result of this study should enable us to conduct further studies to determine the potential use of the fungus as an agent against Aphis gossypii both in greenhouse and under field conditions.     

棉蚜抗药性及其化学防治

棉蚜［Aphis gossypii（Glover）］属半翅目蚜科,是一种世界性的害虫,主要通过取食植物汁液和传播病毒给农业生产造成严重损失。长期以来,棉蚜的防治一直以化学防治为主,棉蚜对有机氯、有机磷、氨基甲酸酯、拟除虫菊酯、新烟碱类等多种杀虫药剂已经产生了抗性。本文主要从棉蚜抗药性发展历史、抗药性机制以及棉蚜的化学防治等方面进行论述,期望能为农业生产上延缓棉蚜抗药性产生、有效治理棉蚜提供指导。     

Susceptibility of standard clones and European field populations of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, and the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae), to the novel anthranilic diamide insecticide cyantraniliprole

BACKGROUND: Parthenogenetic clones of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, were tested with the anthranilic diamide insecticide cyantraniliprole (i.e. DuPont^? Cyazypyr^?) in systemic‐uptake bioassays to investigate potential for cross‐resistance conferred by mechanisms of insecticide resistance to organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids and, in the case of M. persicae, reduced sensitivity to neonicotinoids. These data were compared with the response of field samples of M. persicae and A. gossypii collected from around Europe. RESULTS: Cyantraniliprole was not cross‐resisted by any of the known insecticide resistance mechanisms present in M. persicae or A. gossypii. The compound was equally active against resistant and susceptible aphid strains. The responses of the M. persicae field samples were very consistent with a maximum response ratio of 2.9 compared with a standard laboratory clone. The responses of the A. gossypii field samples were more variable, although a majority of the responses were not statistically different. CONCLUSION: Cyantraniliprole is currently the only anthranilic diamide (IRAC MoA 28) insecticide targeting aphid species such as M. persicae and A. gossypii. There is no evidence to suggest that the performance of this compound is affected by commonly occurring mechanisms that confer resistance to other insecticide chemistries. Cyantraniliprole is therefore a valuable tool for managing insecticide resistance in these globally important pests. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

吡虫啉和苦参碱及其复配对毛叶苕子蚜虫的毒力测定及田间防效

为防治绿肥作物毛叶苕子上蚜虫危害, 筛选出对毛叶苕子蚜虫高效配方, 选择作用机理不同的吡虫啉和苦参碱, 开展了最佳配比筛选及田间防治效果评价。结果表明, 吡虫啉和苦参碱4种混配组合(有效成分含量之比分别为1∶10、1∶20、1∶40和1∶80)对毛叶苕子上棉蚜的毒力均表现为增效作用, 其中1∶20组合的共毒系数最高, 为376.14。选择该配比进行的田间药效试验表明, 该混剂组合在有效成分用量为5.94 g/hm 2时, 药后3、7 d的防治效果均显著高于单剂, 最高防效近80%, 可作为今后混剂的开发或生产中防治毛叶苕子蚜虫的推荐药剂。     

棉蚜抗药性现状及治理策略

棉蚜Aphis gossypii Glover是农业生产上最重要的害虫之一。化学杀虫剂一直以来都是棉蚜综合防治体系中的重要组成部分, 但化学杀虫剂的不合理使用导致棉蚜对多种杀虫剂均产生了高水平抗性。现有研究表明, 靶标位点突变、解毒酶基因的过表达以及某些肠道共生菌丰度的变化是导致棉蚜对杀虫剂产生抗性的主要机制。针对棉蚜抗性发展现状及其抗药性机制, 制定科学合理的抗性治理策略, 是充分发挥化学防治的优势、实现棉蚜可持续治理的关键。本文主要从棉蚜的抗药性现状、抗性机制和抗性治理策略3个方面对近10多年的主要进展进行了综述, 旨在为棉蚜抗药性长效治理和科学施策提供理论依据。     

几种杀虫剂对棕榈蓟马的室内毒力与田间防效

为筛选出用于防治棕榈蓟马的有效药剂,采用玻璃残留处理法测定了5种药剂对蔬菜上棕榈蓟马的室内毒力,并进行了田间药效试验。室内毒力测定结果表明,杀虫活性最高的是乙基多杀菌素,其48h的LC50值为0.19mg/L;其次是阿维菌素、溴氰虫酰胺和啶虫脒,LC50值为54.45~76.48mg/L,呋虫胺的毒力最低。田间试验结果表明,6%乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂和1.8%阿维菌素乳油对棕榈蓟马药后1~14d的防效均达90.88%以上,明显高于其他3种药剂。6%乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂是防治棕榈蓟马的首选药剂,推荐轮换使用1.8%阿维菌素乳油和10%溴氰虫酰胺可分散油悬浮剂。     

人工释放普通草蛉田间防治棉蚜效果研究

于2013年利用人工繁殖的普通草蛉对新疆哈密地区棉田的棉蚜进行生物防治,结果表明,棉田释放密度为30、40、50和60粒/株的普通草蛉卵5~13d后,与对照相比,各处理棉田的棉蚜数量均呈不断下降趋势,与对照相比校正防效不断升高。其中释放卵50和60粒/株10~13d后,校正防效可达69.88%~78.73%,取得了较好的防治效果。本研究通过小区试验研究人工繁殖的普通草蛉对棉田棉蚜的生物防治效果,为新疆棉田棉蚜的生物防治研究提供了理论基础和指导依据。     

Efficacy of plant metabolites of imidacloprid against Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii (Homoptera: Aphididae)

The metabolism of the chloronicotinyl insecticide imidacloprid is strongly influenced by the method of application. Whilst in foliar application most of the residues on the leaf surface display unchanged parent compound, most of the imidacloprid administered to plants by soil application or seed treatment is metabolized more or less completely, depending on plant species and time. The present study revealed that certain metabolites of imidacloprid which have been described in crop plants are highly active against aphid pests in different types of bioassays. Some of these metabolites showed a high oral activity against the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), and the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii). The aphicidal potency of the metabolites investigated was weaker in aphid dip tests than in oral ingestion bioassays using artificial double membranes. The most active plant metabolite was the imidazoline derivative of imidacloprid. The LC₅₀ values of this metabolite for M. persicae and A. gossypii in oral ingestion bioassays were in the lower ppb-range, i.e. 0·0044 and 0·0068 mg litre^-1, respectively. Most of the other reported metabolites showed much weaker activity. Compared to imidacloprid, the imidazoline derivative showed superior affinity to housefly (Musca domestica) head nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, while all other metabolites were less specific than imidacloprid. It seems possible that, after seed treatment or soil application, a few of the biologically active metabolites arising are acting in concert with remaining levels of the parent compound imidacloprid, thus providing good control and long-lasting residual activity against plant-sucking pests in certain crops. © 1998 SCI.