小麦水分状况的光反射测量

反射测量可用于对作物的水分状况进行快速而经济的评估.该研究以土壤最大持水量为标准,设65%、52%、39%、32.5%、26%和19.5%共6个水处理水平.小麦叶片光反射的测量用数码相机进行,测量结果用L*a*b*颜色系统进行评估和分析.在该三维系统中,参数a*和b*分别描述绿/红和蓝/黄颜色的比例,参数L*用来描述颜色的浅淡.结果表明,随水胁迫加剧,小麦叶片光反射参数a*(绿/红)和/或b*(蓝/黄)在9个特定波段表现出有规律的增加,植株含水率与光反射参数b*之间呈线性负相关关系,其中与510～780 nm波段的光反射参数b*之间的决定系数r2最大,达到0.95.因此光反射测量可以作为小麦水分状况测量的一个重要工具.     

不同氮效率玉米杂交种的叶光反射研究

培育氮高效的玉米新品种是众多植物育种项目的主要研究领域。反射测量可能用于对作物的氮效率进行快速而经济的评估。本研究以适应低氮的SL (氮高效品种 )和适应高氮的TH (对照品种 )两个玉米杂交种为材料 ,设 0和 1 5 0kgN hm2 两个施氮水平。在播种后 46、62、76、90和 1 0 4d ,用数码相机LEICASIPRO测量玉米叶片的光反射 ,测量结果用L a b 颜色系统进行评估和分析。在这个三维颜色系统中 ,反射参数a 和b 分别描述绿 红和蓝 黄颜色的比例 ,参数L 用来描述颜色的浅淡。结果表明 ,在低氮条件下 ,开花期前后的玉米叶片光反射参数a 和b 在 5 1 0～ 780nm、5 1 6～ 780nm、和 5 4 0～ 780nm 3个特定波段表现出规律性的变化 ,SL 的反射参数a 显著高于TH 的 ,反射参数b 正相反 ,显著低于TH 的b 值。上述结果说明 ,开花期前后的反射测量可以作为玉米氮效率筛选的一个简单、快速而经济的评估工具。     

不同空间范围土壤色度的纬向变化特征及其气候意义

对不同气候条件下发育的土壤/古土壤进行色度分析,探讨其色度参数的空间变化规律及其作为气候变化代用指标的可靠性。结果表明:(1)较小的空间尺度上,土壤色度参数变化复杂,与气候相关关系不显著。土壤色度参数在大空间尺度中均表现出一定的纬向变化,红度(a*)随纬度的增加而降低,黄度(b*)与纬度的拟合曲线趋近于开口向上的抛物线,黄度与红度的比值(b*/a*)随着纬度的增加近似呈线性增加。(2)土壤剖面色度参数均与气候因子(年均降水和年均温)具有一定的相关关系,b*/a*与年均温相关系数最大。色度参数a*与年均降水相关系数稍高于b*/a*,但a*易受其他因素影响;而土壤色度参数b*/a*对土壤颜色的空间变化敏感,是指示气候变化的适用指标。     

基于K均值聚类和开闭交替滤波的黄瓜叶片水滴荧光图像分割

为了监测温室黄瓜叶片湿润情况以计算叶片湿润时间并用于病害预警,利用K-均值聚类算法实现黄瓜叶片的水滴荧光图像分割。选择人工气候室培育的健康且洁净的黄瓜叶片作为试验试材,采用移液枪向叶面、叶缘部位上滴水,模拟不同的叶片湿润情形,使用荧光成像仪蓝光镜头在白天（07：00）和夜晚（18：00）分别采集图像。应用 K-均值聚类算法在L*a*b颜色空间对水滴图像进行分割,首先要将原始图像由RGB颜色空间转换到L*a*b颜色空间,然后在在L*a*b颜色空间中利用a*b*二维数据空间的颜色差异,以欧式距离度量像素间的相似度,使用K均值对图像进行聚类,聚类得到的图像灰度化后进一步用数学形态学中的开闭交替滤波方法进行校正,最终完成图像分割。利用该方法对10幅含有不同水滴数量的黄瓜叶片荧光图像进行分割,为了验证该方法的有效性,分别采用基于H分量直方图分割算法、主动轮廓即C_V模型分割方法、融合K均值聚类和Ncut算法作对比试验。试验结果表明,该方法的平均匹配率、误分率相较于其他3种方法有明显的优势,平均匹配率为81.27%、平均误分率为9.57%,较之于其他3种方法,平均匹配率分别提高了44.11、11.50、10.90百分点,平均误分率分别降低了23.03、5.47和5.05百分点。该方法能够较为准确地将水滴从图像中分割出来,这为用计算机器视觉的方法监测黄瓜叶片的润湿时间提供了新的思路。     

小麦叶片水分及绿度特征的光谱法诊断

通过ASD FieldSpec光谱仪测定2个小麦品种3个氮肥处理、3个水分处理下的叶片反射光谱,用SPAD-502仪测定叶片的SPAD(绿度指数)值,并称取叶重。用ViewSpec Pro与Matlab软件处理光谱数据,分析光谱参数与叶片含水量及SPAD值的相关关系,从而明确叶片水分及绿度特征的最佳波段或光谱指数。结果表明,水分指数(WI)、水分胁迫指数(MSI)及中红外植被指数(MSVI1)与叶片含水量的相关关系密切且表现稳定,均通过了0.05水平的显著性检验;Fd664(664nm附近处一阶导数光谱值)、SDr/SDb(红边区域一阶微分总和与蓝边区域一阶微分总和的比值)与小麦叶片SPAD值的相关性达到极显著水平,因而利用光谱法诊断和监测小麦叶片水分及绿度特征具有良好的可行性,可为遥感技术应用于精准农业提供依据。     

郧西县庹家湾黄土剖面色度参数特征及其古气候重建

通过对湖北省郧西县庹家湾黄土剖面的色度参数分析,并结合磁化率、粒度、铷锶比(Rb/Sr)指标揭示汉江上游地区风成黄土的色度特征及其与气候变化的关系。应用X-rite VS450型分光测色仪对庹家湾黄土剖面色度参数进行了测量。结果表明:庹家湾黄土剖面红度a*的变化与沉积物氧化铁含量呈显著正相关,平均值由高到低依次为S_0(6.34)MS(5.52)L_t(5.18)L_0(4.98)L_1(4.82)T_(1-al_2)(3.66);亮度L*的变化与氧化铁含量和有机质含量均呈负相关,其中氧化铁含量对L*的影响更大,L*在黄土层出现了峰值;色调角h*在古土壤层呈现低值(68.64°),黄土层呈现高值,a*/b*与h*特征相反,在古土壤呈现高值(0.39),黄土层呈现低值;其中在马兰黄土L_1中存在两层弱古土壤层L_1-S_2、L_1-S_1,其色度参数特征较L_1具有较高的a*值和a*/b*值及较低的L*值和h*。黄度b*指示该区域气候变化有一定的局限性,h*、a*/b*、L*和a*均可作为良好的气候替代指标,a*值和a*/b*值越大指示气候越暖湿,成壤作用越强,L*值和h*越大指示气候越冷干,成壤作用越弱。h*、a*/b*、L*和a*共同记录了该地区晚更新世以来气候经历了晚更新世末期的干冷、全新世早期逐渐回暖、全新世中期的温暖湿润、全新世晚期气候逐渐干冷,在马兰黄土形成时期,气候出现了短暂的温暖湿润期(27.5~21.5ka B.P.)。     

基于图像数字处理技术的元帅系苹果叶片营养水平诊断研究

利用图像数字化处理技术,建立元帅系苹果叶片氮磷钾营养元素估算模型.选择不同营养水平的元帅系苹果叶样,通过计算机提取采集叶样的图像特征红R、绿G、蓝B各参数值及其相对的系数r、g、b和简单算术组合.分析RGB、rgb和简单算术组合分量值与叶片氮、磷、钾之间的相关特征.结果表明,叶片颜色特征分量G/B与氮元素含量呈极显著相...     

基于粗糙集和BP神经网络的棉花病害识别

为了提高棉花病害的识别率,提出了一种在自然环境条件下基于粗糙集和BP神经网络的棉花病害识别方法。该方法以轮纹病、角斑病、褐斑病和盲椿象为研究对象,将病害棉花图像从RGB颜色空间转换到HSI和L*a*b*颜色空间,应用Otsu算法对H分量、a*分量和b*分量进行阈值分割,通过H+a*+b*分量与原始图像的交集提取棉花病斑区域,利用颜色矩和灰度共生矩阵分别提取病斑的颜色和纹理特征,并结合粗糙集理论和BP神经网络,实现特征向量的优选,和棉花病害的识别。通过比较试验发现,粗糙集理论能有效减少特征维数,使提取的全部特征向量16个减少到5个,使BP神经网络的训练时间缩短到原来的1/4,且棉花病害平均识别正确率达到92.72%。研究结果表明,该方法准确识别了4种棉花病害,为棉花病害的防治提供了有效的技术支持。     

苗期低温胁迫对“红颜”草莓叶绿素含量及冠层高光谱的影响

2020年9月−2021年1月以“红颜”（Fragaria×ananassa Duch “Benihope”）草莓为试材，在南京信息工程大学开展低温环境控制试验。设置21℃（日最高气温）/11℃（日最低气温）、18℃/8℃、15℃/5℃和12℃/2℃共4个低温处理，持续时间设置3d、6d、9d、12d共4个水平，以25℃/15℃为对照（CK）。测定草莓叶片叶绿素含量以及冠层高光谱反射率，研究低温胁迫对草莓叶绿素含量及冠层反射光谱的影响，筛选出叶绿素含量估算模型的敏感波段与特征参数。结果表明：（1）同一低温条件下，草莓叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素(a+b)等参数随着胁迫天数的延长而减少；同一胁迫天数下，温度越低其含量越低，即低温胁迫程度越大叶绿素含量下降幅度也越大。（2）不同温度同一胁迫天数处理草莓苗期冠层光谱反射率变化规律大致相同。在可见光区域草莓冠层反射光谱曲线均存在绿峰和红谷，在近红外反射平台随着温度降低，光谱反射率数值逐渐增大，即反射平台逐渐增高。（3）草莓冠层一阶微分光谱曲线变化较剧烈，有明显波峰和波谷，在红边范围内偶有双峰现象。随着低温胁迫程度的加深，一阶微分光谱最高峰的值越高，草莓冠层光谱的近红外反射率升高，红边位置蓝移，之后该峰值逐渐降低，红边位置红移。（4）草莓叶绿素(a+b)含量与冠层原始光谱反射率的相关系数均呈负相关，与原始光谱的近红外波段反射率的相关性明显高于可见光波段。叶绿素(a+b)含量与原始光谱反射率相关性较好，均达到显著水平，其中737nm波段相关系数达到最大，因此可以用其作为敏感波段对叶绿素含量进行预测。叶绿素(a+b)含量与植被指数中的DVI、MSAVI、PVI、RDVI、SAVI和TSAVI的相关性达极显著水平，可以选其作为特征参数对叶绿素含量进行预测。     

施氮量对冬小麦蛋白质品质和面粉色泽的影响

为探明不同施氮量对小麦籽粒产量、蛋白质含量及蛋白质组分、面粉色泽的调控效应,明确蛋白质含量及蛋白质组分与面粉色泽间的关系,在河南郑州进行了两年2种筋力型小麦品种（郑麦366和矮抗58）不同施氮水平的定点试验。结果表明,小麦籽粒产量、蛋白质产量和蛋白质含量均随施氮量的增加显著增加,两年结果表现一致。强筋小麦郑麦366产量和品质均提高的最佳施氮量为N 225 kg/hm2,而中筋小麦矮抗58为N 150~225 kg/hm2。蛋白质各组分随施氮量增加的变幅因品种不同存在差异。随施氮量增加两个小麦品种的面粉色泽亮度（L*值）降低,红度（a*值）增加。相关分析表明,面粉色泽亮度（L*值）与蛋白质和醇溶蛋白含量呈显著负相关（P0.05）,红度（a*值）与蛋白质及各蛋白质组分含量呈极显著正相关（P0.01）,黄度（b*值）仅与球蛋白含量呈极显著负相关（P0.01）。因此,施氮量显著影响小麦的籽粒产量和蛋白质含量,施氮量对面粉色泽的影响在不同品种和不同年度间存在差异。     

低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响

【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。     

Pasture Vegetation Elemental Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.     

Faculty positions:Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Biodiversity and ecogeography of wild Lactuca spp. in some European countries

Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.     

Macroinvertebrates in North American tallgrass prairie soils: effects of fire, mowing, and fertilization on density and biomass

The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.     

Variation in quality parameters between and within 14 Nordic tree fruit and berry species

Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.     

Properties of anaerobically digested and composted municipal solid waste assessed by linking soil mesofauna dynamics and nitrogen modelling

We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass, soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration, N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially (<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils, indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea.     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Potassium Fixation and Release Characteristics in Rhizosphere and Nonrhizosphere Soils for a Rapeseed–Rice Cropping Sequence

Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L^?1 nitric acid (HNO₃) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L^?1 ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) and 1.0 mol L^?1 HNO₃ extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.