河南大尾寒羊主要血液生化指标的测定

对41只河南大尾寒羊(母19只,公22只)血清总蛋白,血清白蛋白,血清球蛋白,血清总胆固醇,血糖,血清钾,血清钠,血清钙,血清尿素氮和肌酐共10项血液生化指标进行了测定.结果表明除血清胆固醇指标公羊极显著高于母羊外(P<0.01),其它各项指标公母羊均无显著差异(P>0.05)     

不同海拔高度的白萨福克羊生理生化指标比较

为了比较不同海拔高度白萨福克羊的生理生化指标,试验以高海拔(四川红原)和低海拔(四川新津)饲养的白萨福克羊为研究对象,测定了生理指标和血液生理生化指标。结果表明:1)不同海拔高度的白萨福克羊体温在公母间均差异不显著(P0.05),低海拔地区的呼吸和心率高于高海拔地区;2)白细胞数、血红蛋白含量、红细胞平均容量、红细胞平均血红蛋白量、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度和红细胞体积分布宽度变异系数等指标在不同海拔地区的公母羊间差异较小,红细胞数和红细胞比容等指标高海拔地区公母羊极显著高于低海拔地区(P0.01),高海拔地区公母羊血小板数极显著低于低海拔地区(P0.01);3)谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、白蛋白、乳酸脱氢酶、葡萄糖和总胆固醇等指标在不同海拔地区公母羊间差异不显著(P0.05),高海拔地区公母羊总蛋白、球蛋白和胆碱酯酶等指标极显著高于低海拔地区(P0.01),低海拔地区公母羊总钙和碱性磷酸酶等指标极显著高于高海拔地区(P0.01)。     

湟源县青海半细毛羊四项血清钙指标的测定

对湟源县78只青海半细毛羊的四项血清钙指标进行了测定.结果为,血清总钙2.79 mmoL/L±0.18 mmoL/L;血清游离钙1.08 mmoL/L±0.11 mmoL/L;血清结合钙1.71 mmoL/L±0.11 mmoL/L;游离钙百分率38.82%±6.22%.公(羯)、母羊血清钙指标之间差异不显著.     

12月龄丹巴黄羊与藏山羊屠宰性能比较

为了比较12月龄丹巴黄羊与藏山羊的屠宰性能,屠宰了丹巴黄羊公、母羊和藏山羊公、母羊各3只,测定其屠宰性能、胴体体尺及胴体分割等指标。结果表明:1)丹巴黄羊公、母羊的宰前活重、体长和体高等指标显著高于藏山羊公、母羊(P0.05),胸围和管围等指标高于藏山羊公、母羊;2)丹巴黄羊公羊的胴体重、净肉率及骨重等屠宰指标显著高于丹巴黄羊母羊、藏山羊公羊及母羊(P0.05),屠宰率、肉骨比、净肉率和胴体产肉率等指标在公母羊间及类群间差异不显著(P0.05);3)胴体体尺指标除大腿肌肉厚在公母羊间及类群间相对一致外的7项指标均存在一定的差异,丹巴黄羊公羊的胴体分割的5项指标均显著高于丹巴黄羊母羊、藏山羊公羊及母羊(P0.05)。     

竹酢粉对妊娠后期母羊血液生化、免疫与抗氧化指标及常乳成分的影响

为研究竹酢粉对妊娠后期母羊血液生化、免疫与抗氧化指标及常乳成分的影响,选用初产、妊娠约120 d的健康妊娠后期湖羊10只,随机分为2组,分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组)和基础日粮+2%竹酢粉(试验组),试验期14 d(预饲期7 d和正式试验期7 d)。结果显示:竹酢粉极显著降低了妊娠后期母羊的血小板数量(P001),显著提高了血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性(P005)和显著减低了谷草转氨酶(AST)活性、总胆固醇(TC)浓度(P005),具有提高红细胞数量、血红蛋白和总蛋白(TP)含量趋势;与对照组相比,试验组妊娠后期母羊血清总抗氧化力(T-AOC)显著降低(P005),IgA含量极显著降低(P001),IgM含量则显著升高(P005),IgG含量高于对照组;试验组母羊的乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳总固形物和乳中尿素氮含量均低于对照组,乳糖则高于对照组,但两组间无显著差异。结果表明,日粮中添加竹酢粉能够改善妊娠后期湖羊的血液指标和提高母羊的免疫性能,但对母羊的常乳成分影响不大。     

波德代羊主要生理生化指标的测定和分析

在三个不同的阶段，对波德代羊体温、呼吸及血液生理、生化指标进行了测定。结果表明，波德代羊的呼吸频率在夏季显著高于冬春季和秋季(P＜0．01)；血液生理指标均在正常变化范围内。血清LDH活性在秋季显著降低(P＜0．01)；公羊的AKP、GPT和公、母羊的GOT在冬春季显著降低(P＜0．05)；公羊血清总蛋白在冬春季最高(P＜0．01)；血清总钙在三个不同时期差异不显著(P＞0．05)；血清葡萄糖、胆固醇含量基本稳定。波德代羊生理生化指标的变化体现了其对环境的适应性。     

成年贾洛羊的生理生化指标测定

本试验以四川省的一个地方藏绵羊类群——贾洛羊为研究对象,选择36月龄公、母羊各5只,测定其生理指标、血液生理指标及血液生化指标。结果显示:36月龄贾洛羊的体温、呼吸频率及心率等生理指标在公、母羊间无显著差异;WBC、RBC、HGB、HCT、MCV、MCH、MCHC、PLT、RDW-SD、MPV、PCT、PDW和RDW-CV等血液生理指标在公、母羊间差异不显著(P0.05);公羊的ALP和GLU等血液生化指标显著高于母羊(P0.05),母羊的CHOL显著高于公羊(P0.05),ALT、AST、TP、ALB、GLO、LDH、A/G和CHE等生化指标在公、母羊间差异均不显著(P0.05)。     

12月龄丹巴黄羊与藏山羊的肌肉品质及其营养成分比较

比较了12月龄丹巴黄羊与藏山羊的肌肉特性,测定其肌肉品质、营养成分、矿物质含量及重金属含量等指标。结果表明:(1)丹巴黄羊公、母羊的滴水损失、眼肌面积、剪切力、熟肉率和pH值等主要衡量肌肉品质的指标与藏山羊公、母羊无显著差异(P0.05),丹巴黄羊公、母羊的GR值和背膘厚等指标优于藏山羊公、母羊(P0.05);(2)肌肉中水分、钾、铬、胆固醇和钙等5项指标含量在公、母羊间及群体间存在一定的差异,其他18项指标相对稳定;(3)丹巴黄羊公、母羊和藏山羊公、母羊肌肉中检测到18种氨基酸(8种必须氨基酸和10种非必须氨基酸),11种氨基酸在公、母羊间及群体间存在一定的差异,其他7种氨基酸保持相对一致。     

24月龄丹巴黄羊与藏山羊的肌肉品质及其营养成分比较

为了比较24月龄丹巴黄羊与藏山羊的肌肉特性,测定其肌肉品质、肌肉营养成分、肌肉矿物质含量和肌肉重金属含量等指标。结果表明:1)丹巴黄羊羯羊的眼肌面积、背膘厚、GR值和a值等指标显著高于藏绵羊公、母羊(P0.05),其他肌肉肉质指标在丹巴黄羊羯羊、藏山羊公羊及母羊间无显著差异(P0.05);2)肌纤维特性、肌肉营养成分、矿物质、胆固醇及重金属含量等指标在丹巴黄羊羯羊与藏山羊公、母羊间保持相对稳定,仅藏山羊公、母羊肌肉中碘含量显著高于丹巴黄羊羯羊(P0.05)。     

波德代羊主要生理生化指标的测定和分析

在三个不同的阶段,通过对波德代羊体温、呼吸及血液生理、生化指标的测定,结果表明波德代羊的呼吸频率在夏季显著高于冬春季和秋季(P＜0.01);血液生理指标均在正常变化范围内.血清LDH活性在秋季显著降低(P＜0.01);公羊的AKP、GPT和公、母羊的GOT在冬春季显著降低(P＜0.05);公羊血清总蛋白在冬春季最高(P＜0.01);血清总钙在三个不同时期差异不显著(P＞0.05);血清葡萄糖、胆固醇含量基本稳定.波德代羊生理生化指标的变化体现了其对环境的适应性.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -