珠江委检查滇中引水工程(玉溪红河段)水土保持工作

正为进一步做好珠江流域部管生产建设项目水土保持工作,规范生产建设活动,有效减少生产建设过程中的水土流失,2020年5月27—28日,珠江委对滇中引水工程(玉溪红河段)水土保持方案落实情况进行了监督检查。检查组指出,建设单位重视水土保持工作,成立了水土保持管理机构,制定了水土保持管理办法、考核办     

数据挖掘技术在黄土高原水土流失预测中的应用探讨

开展黄土高原水土流失预测是水土保持可持续发展的重要内容,同时也是维持黄河健康生命理论体系的重要组成部分。本研究对现有的水土流失预测方法进行了分析,指出了现有预测方法的优点与局限,提出利用数据挖掘技术对黄土高原水土流失进行分析和预测的新思路,并描述了数据挖掘方法及其过程。与传统的方法相比,该方法可以实现真正意义上的预测,可为水土保持措施布局及流域综合治理决策提供服务。     

“十一五”黄河水土保持工作取得新成效

"十一五"期间,黄河流域共开展水土流失综合治理面积5.59万多km2,治理区群众生产、生活条件和生态环境明显得到改善,年均减少入黄泥沙3.5亿~4.5亿t,为维持黄河健康生命和促进流域经济社会的发展发挥了重要的作用。突出表现是:拦截粗泥沙第一道防线建设取得积极进展;重点工程带动了流域水土保持综合治理;开创了以大江大河重点一级支流为单元进行泥沙监测的先河;水土保持生态补偿机制取得突破,管理体制不断创新,管理水平进一步提升。     

关于黄河水土保持生态建设可持续发展的思考

黄河水土保持生态建设的可持续发展,事关国家经济、社会发展的大局。建立健全良好的水土保持生态建设及运行管理机制,是实现黄河长治久安、维持黄河健康生命的关键所在。分析了通过黄河水土保持生态建设构建和谐社会的诸多制约因素,从加强黄河水土保持生态建设、构建流域和谐社会有效途径等不同侧面,提出了黄河水土保持生态建设可持续发展的建设思路:在牢固树立和落实科学发展观基础上,增加投资力度,全面加强水土保持动态监测和预防监督工作,充分发挥政府职能,强化政策引导,正确处理好黄河水土保持生态建设与维持黄河健康生命及区域经济、社会可持续发展的各种关系。     

抚河流域人与自然和谐的水土保持生态建设策略

在经过多年的水土保持生态环境建设,抚河流域的水土流失面积由1997年治理前的4920.73km2减少至目前的4 602.79 km2,在生态环境得到了有效改善的基础上,从水土保持生态环境建设的角度,提出了维持抚河健康生态,实现人与自然和谐共处的对策。     

绥德水土保持科学试验站“十一五”工作回顾

"十一五"期间,绥德水土保持科学试验站各项工作取得丰硕成果。总结了在水土保持课题研究、水土流失观测、水土保持监测、水政水资源管理、水土保持预防监督、黄河水土保持生态工程建设、水土保持技术服务、技术交流与协作、科技创新方面取得的成绩,提出将继续坚持以科学发展观为指导,积极践行可持续发展治水思路,紧紧围绕黄河粗泥沙集中来源区的治理,为维持黄河健康生命作出新的贡献。     

珠江流域的水土流失治理重点和基本对策

本文首先分析了珠江流域水土流失特点。并在总结多年来流域综合治理工作中经验教训的基础上,提出了在坚持办好小流域综合治理试点的同时,强调积极开展较大面积的重点区治理的作用。最后建议:为了搞好水土保持工作,应重点解决六个方面的关键问题。     

珠江委开展云南省生产建设项目水土保持监督检查

正为贯彻落实《水土保持法》,进一步推进珠江流域大中型生产建设项目水土保持工作,规范生产建设活动,有效减少生产建设过程中的水土流失,2016年5月3日-6日珠江委会同云南省水利厅等各级水行政主管部门,在杨德生副巡视员的带领下,对国家高速公路网横12普立(滇黔界)至宣威段等4个生产建设项目水土保持方案的实施情况进行了监督检查。     

抓住机遇 共谋发展 开创长江流域水土保持工作新局面

"十一五"期间,长江流域的水土保持工作取得了显著成效,5年间全流域共治理水土流失面积4.1万km2,生产建设项目水土保持方案申报率和水土保持专项设施验收率较"十五"期间分别提高了30和20百分点,流域水土保持监测网络初步建成,基础工作显著加强。"十二五"时期,流域各级水土保持部门要紧紧抓住难得的发展机遇,充分利用国家加大水利投资的有利条件,加快水土流失治理步伐。2011年,要着力抓好新水土保持法的贯彻落实、流域生产建设项目水土保持监督管理、国家水土保持重点工程建管、水土保持监督执法能力建设、水土保持规划编制和第四次水土保持普查、流域水土保持监测协作网建设等工作。     

2018年度松辽流域水土流失动态监测结果分析

生态文明建设在中国特色社会主义建设过程中已被提升到新的高度,水土保持工作作为其中重要的一环,急需进一步深入推进。松辽流域泛指东北地区,在松辽流域开展水土流失年度动态监测工作至关重要,既是维护东北地区粮食安全生产的重要保障,也是强化东北地区协调绿色发展与生态环境保护的关键步骤。在水利部组织下,松辽流域2018年积极开展了水土流失动态监测工作,实现了第一次流域全覆盖监测,并与2011年第一次全国水土保持普查结果相比较进行了动态变化分析。据统计,松辽流域2018年水土流失面积为27.53万km 2,主要以轻度、中度侵蚀为主,全境水土流失分布及变化与土地利用结构高度相关;东北黑土区与典型黑土区2018年的侵蚀面积分别是22.16万和8.50万km 2,分别占土地总面积的20.38%和25.94%,与2011年相比均有所下降。尽管2018年度松辽流域的水土保持工作尚存在不足,但在严峻的形势下仍准时、高质量地完成了全流域动态监测工作,为东北地区环境保护和生态文明建设提供了重要的数据支撑。     

水氮耦合对苹果光合特性和果实品质的影响

通过不同灌水量和施氮处理,研究水氮耦合对红富士苹果光合特性及品质的影响。结果表明:红富士苹果的光合特性在不同水肥组合下的变化不同,其光合作用存在明显的“午休”现象。中水高肥和高水高肥的肥水组合对光合速率的保持有一定的作用。低水中肥的肥水组合的蒸腾速率最低,保水效果最好。中度水分供应条件下,施用较多的氮肥可以提高气孔导度利于光合的进行。肥水管理以灌溉量5250m³/hm²、氮肥施用量600kg/hm²方案能获得较高的品质效益。     

圆叶决明的栽培技术及其防蚀培肥的功效

经多年种植结果表明，圆叶决明具有覆盖率高、固氮率高、适应性和抗逆性强等特点，是山地茶果园水土流失地套种的先锋作物，本文阐述了圆叶决明的特征特性、栽培技术以及防治水土流失、培肥地力的作用。     

Soil organic matter and the adsorption and decomposition of the herbicides atrazine and linuron

Soil was subjected to a variety of treatments so as to provide a series of materials with different organic residues. These preparations were inoculated with an aqueous extract of untreated soil, then incubated at 20°C with atrazine or linuron and rates of herbicide degradation were followed. The rates were lowest when virtually all the organic matter had been removed by peroxidation. The most rapid break-down occurred in samples which had been successively extracted with ethanol + toluene, hot water, dilute acid and dilute alkali. It is suggested that the organic residue left after this sequence contained hydrolysed materials that were easily metabolized and hence could support the most active microbial population. There was no relationship between extent of adsorption and decomposition rate.     

Mobility and breakdown of asulam in the soil and the possible impact on the environment

Asulam reaching the soil either directly as spray drift or as rain washings from bracken fronds would, due to its rapid mobility in soil, be expected to leach down the soil profile into the drainage water and thereby contaminate streams and water catchments. The mobility of asulam in soil is influenced by pH, where undissociated asulam will leach less rapidly than the associated form (asulam pK_a 4·82). This is particularly relevant in the case of bracken as it can grow satisfactorily over a wide range of pH values (3·6 – 7·6). Adsorption coefficients expressed as Kd values [(μg asulam/g soil)/(μg asulam/ml solution)] were 2·54, 1·94 and 0·96 at pH readings of 4·0, 4·3 and 4·9 respectively. Another factor involved, the breakdown of asulam, was shown to be temperature dependent, 30·95, 7·65 and 2·50% remaining after 28 days at 5, 18 and 25°C respectively, thus underlining the influence of geographical regions and climatic conditions on asulam behaviour.     

甘蔗节间蛋白质含量与生长发育关系的研究

选用8个不同基因型的甘蔗，即粤糖86-368、新台糖16号、农林8号、拔地拉、割手密和从甘蔗杂交后代F1中选出的3株种茎的无性系(单株)。在甘蔗伸长初期，测定其 2节间至 8节间的长度、茎径，同时取 3、 5、 8节间，测定其可溶性蛋白质、细胞壁离子型结合蛋白质、细胞壁共价型结合蛋白质及可溶性总糖的含量。结果表明：从 2节间到 8节间，不同基因型的节间长度的变化极为相似，除割手密外，其它基因型甘蔗的节间长度都在 6节达到最长；但其茎径在 6节间以后仍保持稍微的增粗。从 3节间到 5、 8节间，所有基因型的三类蛋白质含量都逐渐下降，而可溶性总糖含量都逐渐提高。其中，三个节间较粗的基因型即拔地拉、粤糖86—368和无性系3号，其三类蛋白质含量相对较高，而可溶性总糖含量相对较低。     

Solods of the Baraba Lowland and the Priobskoe Plateau: Their properties and genesis and the methods of their diagnostics

The properties, hydrological features, and genesis of the solods occurring in the Baraba Lowland and Priobskoe Plateau were studied. Methods for determining the hydromorphism degree are considered; the features of the similarity and differences between the solods and other soils with textural profile differentiation are shown. Depending on the reasons for the waterlogging, the solods should be divided into two groups: the solods of groundwater waterlogging and the solods of surface waterlogging. Criteria for their discrimination are suggested: the ratio between the contents of the clay fraction in the parent rock (or in the B2 horizon) and that in the A2 horizon, the changes in the pH values along the soil profiles, and the content of nonsilicate iron compounds. The solods studied are shown to be formed under the conditions of a stagnant-percolative regime and gleying. This circumstance is an obligatory and sufficient reason for the formation of the light-colored acid eluvial (A2) horizons. According to some basic properties of the soil solid phase (the acidity, the total chemical composition, and the clay pattern in the eluvial part), the gleyed solods are close or identical to the gleyed soddy-podzolic and gleyed chernozem-like podzolic soils. At the same time, the solods differ from the gleyed chernozem-like podzolic soils by their thicker A1 (or Ap) horizon and their higher humus content (5–7%).     

图书馆与大力发展文化创意产业之间的关系

党的十七届六中全会提出了要推动文化创意产业成为国民经济的支柱性产业。图书馆拥有丰富的文献资源和信息服务能力,在为文化创意产业项目提供信息服务的同时,应提升自身形象,谋求更大发展。     

Glyphosate and the response of the soil microbiota

Limited information on the effect of glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine) on soil microorganisms justified an inquiry into the response of soil actinomycetes, bacteria and fungi in terms of their respiration, and sensitivity of isolates. Low concentrations of glyphosate had little effect on total populations of these organisms during the 214-day experiment, while high concentrations initially increased actinomycete and bacterial numbers by 2 and 1$\text{case1}\text{2}$ logs, respectively. The stimulation was followed by a decline and fluctuation showing a gradual increase in numbers. The respiration rates of the soil microbiota in soil suspensions, showed some irregular stimulation and retardation with up to 10 μg glyphosate ml^?1. In contrast high doses suppressed O₂ uptake by the microbiota. Fungi were the least affected. Pronounced inhibition of actinomycete and bacterial respiration was in agreement with the results from isolate replication. The results indicated both stimulation and inhibition of O₂ uptake by some organisms within these groups. In contrast to some reports of limited, short-term inquiries these results showed considerable effects of glyphosate on soil microorganisms.