进口优质肉羊胚胎的移植试验

对从澳大利亚进口的304枚德克赛尔肉羊冷冻胚胎进行移植，产羔178只，产羔率为58.55%，并对冷冻胚胎解冻，移植过程中的主要环节进行研究。其结果如下：（1）解冻后的A、B级孵化囊胚所占比例为（43.75%)，桑椹胚-扩张囊胚解冻后的A、B级胚胎所占比例为（84.02%)，两者有显著差异；（2）解冻后的A、B级桑椹胚-扩张囊胚移植产羔率（64.88%)显著高于解冻后的A、B级孵化囊胚移植产羔率（42.85%)；解冻后的C级胚胎移植后也能得到一定的产羔率；（3）经产母羊胚胎移植产羔率（68.62%)，显著高于育成母羊产羔率（51.85%)。     

影响绵羊冻胚移植妊娠率的因素分析

本研究对胚胎质量、胚胎移植数量、胚胎发育阶段、冷冻方法、移植方法及饲养管理水平等因素对移植产羔率的影响进行研究,以提高绵羊胚胎移植效率。结果表明:采用1.5mol/L乙二醇做冷冻保护剂对胚胎进行常规冷冻,冻前A级胚胎冷冻/解冻后可用胚率、存活率、降级率均高于B级,差异极显著(P<0.01)。移植1枚冷冻解冻后A级、B级或2枚(A+B)胚胎的受体移植产羔率分别为44.48%、46.84%和44.81%。经χ2检验分析,三者之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。移植双胚的受体双羔率为22(%53/241),以胚胎为单位计算,产羔率仅为33.40%。A级囊胚和桑椹胚的产羔率之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。1.5 mol/L乙二醇常规冷冻保存的体内胚胎移植产羔率高于EFS40玻璃化冷冻保存,但经统计学分析,二者无显著差异(P>0.05)。子宫手术移植和腹腔内窥镜法子宫移植之间产羔率不具统计学差异(P>0.05)。在牧场条件下大规模移植的平均产羔率为43.95%,范围在20%￣70%之间,受体饲养管理水平对绵羊移植产羔率有较大影响。     

胚胎质量和发育阶段对奶牛胚胎移植妊娠率的影响

[目的]为了评估胚胎质量和发育阶段对奶牛胚胎移植妊娠率的影响。[方法]使用63头青年奶牛作为供体进行超数排卵,评估回收胚胎质量和发育阶段。选择334头青年奶牛作为受体鲜胚移植不同质量和发育阶段胚胎。对胚胎质量分布、发育阶段分布、不同质量胚胎和不同发育阶段胚胎移植30 d妊娠率进行统计分析。[结果]可用胚胎中A级胚胎比例(60.78%)显著高于B级和C级胚胎比例(36.70%和2.52%)(P<0.05);致密桑椹胚比例(54.36%)显著高于早期囊胚,囊胚和扩张囊胚比例(18.35%,25.0%和2.29%)(P<0.05)。A级和B级胚胎移植30 d妊娠率(63.55%和64.35%)显著高于C级胚胎移植30 d妊娠率(44.44%)(P<0.05);致密桑椹胚、早期囊胚、囊胚和扩张囊胚移植30 d妊娠率差异不显著(P<0.05),早期囊胚、囊胚移植30 d妊娠率高于致密桑椹胚、扩张囊胚移植30 d妊娠率(P<0.05)。[结论]选择不同发育阶段的A级和B级胚胎能够获得较高胚胎移植妊娠率,增加早期囊胚和囊胚阶段胚胎移植数量能够提高胚胎移植妊娠率。     

非繁殖季节胚胎因素对绵羊胚胎移植影响的研究

在非繁殖季节（6月份）利用进口绵羊胚胎，手术法移植。通过胚胎类型、冷冻胚胎解冻后停留时间以及胚胎发育阶段对绵羊胚胎移植效果的分析。得出以下结论：①鲜胚移植妊娠率和产羔率显著高于冻胚：鲜胚为61.11％（11/18）和50.00％（9/18），冻胚为48.11％（153/318）和46.86％（149/318）；②随冷冻胚胎解冻后停留时间的延长胚胎移植效果有升高的趋势；③从桑椹胚到囊胚时期胚胎发育阶段对胚胎移植效果没有明显影响。     

受体因素对萨福克羊鲜胚及杜泊羊冻胚移植效果的影响

文章分析了新疆地区一次萨福克羊鲜胚及杜泊羊冻胚的移植实验数据,旨在讨论受体因素对胚胎移植效果的影响。结果表明:受体羊在发情后7 d时移植胚胎,杜泊羊冻胚桑椹胚移植后产羔率显著高于囊胚(P0.05)。萨福克羊鲜胚移植时胚胎发育阶段及移植数量对移植后产羔率无显著影响(P0.05)。受体母羊先前手术次数对萨福克羊鲜胚移植后产羔率有显著影响(P0.05),手术2次及以上次数的母羊产羔率极显著低于初次胚胎移植的母羊(P0.01)。受体母羊卵巢黄体数超过1个后,黄体数对产羔率无显著影响(P0.05)。     

波尔山羊胚胎移植技术的研究与应用

对 75只波尔山羊超排处理 ,共获 A、B级胚胎 776枚 ,平均 (10 .35± 6 .4 5 )枚 /只 ,鲜胚移植受体 36 7只 ,移植产羔率达 5 5 .6 %。应用 CIDR和 PMSG同期发情处理受体山羊 5 6 0只 ,5 4 9只达到同期发情 ,32 h内同期率为 98.0 4 %。囊胚和扩张囊胚在发情后 7d的移植产羔率分别为 6 2 .2 2 % (84 /135 )和 5 8.2 6 % (6 7/115 ) ,显著高于桑椹胚 (43.18% )和孵化囊胚 (5 1.72 % ) (P<0 .0 1) ,而囊胚和扩张囊胚间、桑椹胚和孵化囊胚间差异不显著 (P>0 .0 5 )。受体山羊的黄体数量直接影响到移植产羔结果 ,黄体数≥ 2的受体山羊移植产羔率显著高于黄体数为 1的受体山羊移植产羔率 (P<0 .0 1) ,分别为 6 4 .83% (94 /14 5 )和 4 9.5 5 % (110 /2 2 2 )。PMSG注射时间 (在取 CIDR前 2 d或当天注射 )和剂量对受体羊的黄体数和移植产羔率均无显著影响 (P>0 .0 5 )     

不同发育阶段圭山山羊胚胎常规冷冻保存研究

采用常规冷冻法冷冻保存圭山山羊桑椹胚、囊胚、扩张囊胚期胚胎,解冻后体外发育率分别为41.94%、67.50%、84.09%,桑椹胚与囊胚、扩张囊胚间差异显著(P<0.05),囊胚和扩张囊胚间虽无显著性差异(P>0.05),但扩张囊胚体外发育率高于囊胚.在胚胎的冷冻-解冻过程中,桑椹胚、囊胚、扩张囊胚的透明带受损伤率分别为6.45%、20.00%、31.82%,透明带受损的桑椹胚、囊胚、扩张囊胚体外发育率分别为0%、50.00%、78.57%.初步说明发育程度越高的胚胎,在冷冻-解冻过程中其透明带越易受到损伤,但随发育程度的加深,胚胎生长发育时对透明带的依赖程度也变得越来越弱,表明圭山山羊早期扩张囊胚最适宜进行冷冻保存.     

黑萨福克和杜泊羊新鲜和冷冻胚胎移植效率的研究

为提高优质肉用种用绵羊胚胎移植的效率,试验选取76只黑萨福克羊和27只杜泊羊作为供体,采用"CIDR+FSH+PMSG"法进行超数排卵处理。选取384只小尾寒羊为受体,采用"CIDR+PMSG"法进行同期发情处理,以探索供体胚胎发育阶段、胚胎冷冻处理、胚胎体外停留时间以及移植给受体时移植侧黄体数量等因素对胚胎移植妊娠率的影响。结果表明:移植新鲜囊胚的妊娠率极显著高于桑椹胚(P0.01);冷冻/解冻囊胚移植妊娠率极显著低于新鲜囊胚(P0.01),而冷冻/解冻桑椹胚移植妊娠率与新鲜桑椹胚无显著差异(P0.05);此外,移植桑椹胚时,移植侧有1个黄体的受体妊娠率极显著低于有2~3个黄体受体妊娠率(P0.01),但移植囊胚时两者间差异不显著(P0.05)。综上可知,子宫角移植桑椹胚和囊胚时,移植新鲜囊胚、移植冷冻桑椹胚效率较高;将新鲜桑椹胚移植给移植侧有2~3个黄体受体效果好于1个黄体受体。     

黄芩苷、川芎嗪对小鼠体外培养胚胎冷冻-解冻及移植效果的研究

将中药有效成分黄芩苷(Baicalin,Bai)和川芎嗪(Ligustrazine,Lig)添加到小鼠2-细胞胚胎培养液中进行体外培养,比较其体外发育能力,并将体外发育的桑椹胚、囊胚进行2种程序常规冷冻.解冻后形态正常的桑椹胚、囊胚分别培养8～14 h、6～8 h,比较各组胚胎的冷冻-解冻发育效果及冷冻胚胎移植妊娠率和产仔率等.结果各试验组胚胎孵化率,Bai组(80.6%)、Lig组(78.3%)极显著高于对照组(51.8%)(P＜0.01).孵化胚胎细胞计数结果显示, Bai组(81.9±6.2)和Lig组(83.9±7.7)与对照组(77.4±5.6)差异极显著(P＜0.01);程序1和2的桑椹胚解冻囊胚发育率,以Bai、Lig组显著高于对照组;其囊胚解冻存活率,2个试验组均好于对照组.受体妊娠率、产仔率以及初生仔鼠、离窝仔鼠平均体重、离窝成活率等指标,各组间均无显著差异(P＞0.05),但以中药有效成分各组别均好于对照组.结果表明中药有效成分Bai和Lig能显著地提高小鼠 2-细胞胚胎体外发育能力,并有利于提高冷冻-解冻后移植胚胎的发育潜力.     

纯种肉羊超数排卵和胚胎冷冻技术的研究

试验对40只用于冷冻胚胎生产的无角多赛特羊、德国肉用美利奴供体羊分别在发情后6.5～7d进行子宫采胚,并进行冷冻胚胎。其结果:6.5d和7d采集的可用于冷冻的平均胚胎数(6.80±4.44)和(7.40±3.54)枚没有显著差异(P>0.05)。6.5d采集的胚胎所有胚胎均处于紧缩桑葚胚、早期囊胚、囊胚阶段。7d采集的胚胎中扩张囊胚占42.57%,孵化囊胚占18.92%。在该研究中共解冻92枚胚胎并进行移植,其结果:解冻后的24枚孵化囊胚和68枚有透明带的胚胎成活率和移植妊娠率分别为:37.50%、44.44%和91.18%、59.67%。因此冷冻羊胚胎时,采集胚胎的最佳时间是供体羊发情后的6.5d。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.