苏系长毛兔的遗传多样性分析

为了从DNA分子水平揭示苏系长毛兔遗传多态性和遗传结构,选用6个多态性较好的微卫星标记,对96只宜兴拉必得种兔场发育良好的苏系长毛兔群体进行了检测分析。利用等位基因频率计算苏系长毛兔群体的期望杂合度(He)、多态信息含量(PIC)、等位基因数、有效等位基因数。6个微卫星座位全部呈现出高度多态性(PIC0.5),共检测到36个等位基因,每个座位的等位基因数在5~7个之间,平均等位基因数6.00±0.8944个,平均有效等位基因数为3.74±0.8159,该长毛兔群体期望杂合度(He)和多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.7257±0.0589和0.6758±0.0721。研究结果表明:苏系长毛兔的微卫星座位有丰富的遗传多样性。通过选育可以使该苏系长毛兔群体进一步纯化,从而使其生产性能稳定。     

8个微卫星座位在海北金银滩藏羊群体中的多态性分析

研究旨在分析金银滩藏羊的微卫星DNA多态性,以期了解该品种的遗传多样性,为该品种的保种选育和品质的进一步提高提供有益资料。利用8对微卫星引物,以金银滩藏羊为研究对象,通过计算基因频率、多态性信息含量、有效等位基因数和杂合度,评估其品种内的遗传变异。结果表明：在8个微卫星座位中,共检测到83个等位基因,每个座位平均10.38个等位基因;平均杂合度0.893;平均有效等位基因数9.06;平均多态性信息含量0.871。结果提示,金银滩藏羊群体存在丰富的遗传多样性,所选微卫星标记可用于绵羊遗传多样性评估。     

欧拉型藏羊群体遗传结构的微卫星DNA多态性分析

(目的)旨在分析欧拉型藏羊的微卫星DNA多态性,以期了解该品种的遗传多样性,为该品种保种选育和品质的进一步提高提供一些有益资料.(方法)利用15对微卫星引物,以欧拉型藏羊为研究对象,通过计算基因频率、多态性信息含量、有效等位基因数和杂合度,评估其品种内的遗传变异.(结果)结果表明:在15个座位中,共检测到175个等住基因,每个座位平均为11.67个等位基因;座位平均杂合度为0.885 4:平均有效等位基因数为9.042;平均多态性信息含量为0.865 7.(结论)结果提示,欧拉型藏羊群体存在丰富的遗传多样性,所选微卫星标记可用于绵羊遗传多样性评估.     

兰州大尾羊微卫星DNA多态性研究

研究旨在分析兰州大尾羊的微卫星DNA多态性,以期了解该品种的遗传多样性,为该品种保种选育和品质的进一步提高提供资料。选择15对微卫星引物,通过计算基因频率、多态性信息含量、有效等位基因数和杂合度,评估其品种内的遗传变异。结果表明:在15个座位中,共检测到153个等位基因,每个座位平均为10.2个等位基因;座位平均杂合度为0.8149;平均有效等位基因数为6.0891;平均多态性信息含量为0.7762。结果提示,兰州大尾羊群体存在丰富的遗传多样性,所选微卫星标记可用于绵羊遗传多样性评估。     

甘南藏羊不同群体遗传多样性的微卫星分析

文章旨在分析甘南藏羊不同类群的微卫星DNA多态性,以期了解该资源的遗传多样性,为该羊种保种、选育和品质的进一步提高提供一些有益资料.利用8对微卫星引物,以欧拉型藏羊、甘加型藏羊和乔科型藏羊为研究对象,通过计算基因频率、多态性信息含量、有效等位基因数和杂合度,评估其品种内的遗传变异.结果表明:在8个座位中,共检测到96个等位基因,每个座位平均为12个等位基因;座位平均杂合度0.876;平均有效等位基因数9.902;平均多态性信息含量0.896.结果提示,甘南藏羊群体存在丰富的遗传多样性,所选微卫星标记可用于绵羊遗传多样性评估.     

岷县黑裘皮羊群体遗传结构的微卫星DNA多态性分析

为了研究岷县黑裘皮羊的微卫星DNA多态性,了解该品种的遗传多样性,利用15对微卫星引物,以岷县黑裘皮羊为研究对象,通过计算基因频率、多态性信息含量、有效等位基因数和杂合度来评估其品种内的遗传变异。结果表明:在15个座位中,共检测到160个等位基因,每个座位平均10.67个等位基因;座位平均杂合度为0.882 6;平均有效等位基因数为9.248;平均多态性信息含量为0.861 5。说明岷县黑裘皮羊群体存在丰富的遗传多样性,所选微卫星标记可用于绵羊的遗传多样性评估。     

利用微卫星标记分析乌骨大骨鸡的遗传多样性

利用微卫星标记分析了乌骨大骨鸡的遗传多样性和遗传结构,筛选了鸡基因组7条染色体上的7个微卫星标记位点,随机选取24羽乌骨大骨鸡个体,进行多态性检测,共检测到23个等位基因,每个座位等位基因数目从2个到5个不等,平均等位基因数为3.3个。该群体平均多态信息含量和平均杂合度分别为0.660 3和0.717 6。结果表明乌骨大骨鸡属多态性较丰富的群体。     

江山白鹅群体遗传多样性的微卫星标记分析研究

为阐明江山白鹅群体遗传变异和遗传结构状况,采用29对鹅特异性的微卫星标记对该鹅种自然群体中30个个体进行PCR扩增、序列测定和等位基因检测。结果表明,共检测到159个等位基因,29个座位都呈现出多态性,等位基因数在2~10个,平均等位基因数为5.5个。群体平均杂合度和平均多态信息含量分别为0.4880和0.5612。研究表明江山白鹅自然群体遗传多样性较丰富。     

济宁百日鸡群体遗传多样性的微卫星标记分析

采用微卫星标记技术,在分布于家鸡的22条染色体的25对微卫星引物中,筛选出10对多态性丰富的微卫星位点,对60个个体的DNA多样性进行了检测。结果共检测到29个等位基因,每个微卫星座位的等位基因数目为2~5个,平均等位基因数为2.90,该鸡群的平均基因杂合度(H)为0.348,多态性信息含量(PIC)为0.511。表明所检测的济宁百日鸡群体的遗传多样性较丰富,具有一定的选择潜力,可以做进一步的选择利用。     

长江三角洲白山羊群体遗传结构研究

应用结构基因座和微卫星DNA两种遗传标记探讨长江三角洲白山羊群体遗传结构。结果表明,检测的9个结构基因座位上7个存在多态性,座位的基因平均杂合度、多态信息含量及有效等位基因数分别为0.1767、0.1457和1.2837;7个微卫星位点上共检测到110个等位基因,位点的基因平均杂合度、多态信息含量及有效等位基因数分别为0.8867、0.8774和11.2907。群体内的遗传变异程度相对较高,反映出丰富的遗传多样性,而且微卫星DNA标记揭示的遗传变异高于结构基因座。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …