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柑橘黄龙病是全国植物检疫对象,在柑橘生产上防治难,危害重,威胁大,幼龄树发病后一般在2~3年死亡,老年树发病则在3~5年内枯死或丧失结果能力,被广大果农称为"柑橘癌症".景宁县在各级政府的高度重视和县植检站及上级主管业务部门的指导下,对全县发现的943株柑橘黄龙病在2003年底全部砍除.现将具体做法浅谈如下. 相似文献
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柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri(Kuwayama)是柑橘的重要害虫,也是传播柑橘黄龙病菌的唯一昆虫媒介,给柑橘生产造成很大损失.相关研究表明,芸香科Rutaceae植物是柑橘木虱的主要寄主[1].受全球性暖冬气候的影响,木虱的生存空间和寄主范围逐渐扩大[2],导致黄龙病大面积发生.国内外对柑橘木虱生物学特性、逆境耐受性等做过一些研究[3].而关于柑橘木虱耐饥渴能力和寄主选择性的报道较少,为此,作者选取7种常见的芸香科植物,在室外条件下研究柑橘木虱对各种寄主的选择性,并在室内条件下检测其耐饥渴能力,以期为柑橘木虱的综合防治提供参考. 相似文献
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亚洲柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri Kuwayama是芸香科Rutaceae植物新梢期的重要害虫,也是黄龙病Huanglongbing的主要传播媒介,严重威胁江西柑橘产业的发展。本文利用线粒体基因标记,研究江西10个地点亚洲柑橘木虱的种群遗传结构和多态性。扩增了2个线粒体COⅠ基因片段,长度为1 431 bp。其中多态性位点2个(均为非同义突变,A/G转换),单倍型3个(Hap-1,Hap-2和Hap-3)。最常见的单倍型是Hap-1(占总样本数的91.7%),发生在所有采样点;其次为Hap-3(6.3%),分布在大余和崇义;Hap-2(2.0%)仅在兴国出现。单一直线型的单倍型网络结构模式、小而不显著的HR(Harpending’s raggedness)指数值,以及单峰型错配分布曲线均表明:江西地区的亚洲柑橘木虱是近期入侵并经历了快速的种群动态扩张。 相似文献
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柑橘生产上叶面肥的使用很普遍?为了评估喷施叶面肥对柑橘新梢期的主要害虫柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri和柑橘潜叶蛾Phyllocnistis citrella发生?为害的影响, 本文分别在养虫笼和网室条件下调查了以上2种害虫对喷不同叶面肥(尿素?复合氨基酸和葡萄糖)砂糖橘苗木的选择和为害, 以及柑橘炭疽病发生情况?试验结果表明:从木虱成虫选择性和产卵两个方面来看, 不同喷施处理的砂糖橘对木虱的吸引作用表现为尿素>复合氨基酸>葡萄糖>清水对照, 其中尿素和复合氨基酸处理吸引作用显著高于对照?喷施3种叶面肥后潜叶蛾为害程度均显著高于对照, 以葡萄糖处理的为害率和受害指数最高?另外, 尿素和复合氨基酸处理苗木的柑橘炭疽病病叶率和病情指数显著高于对照, 复合氨基酸处理病叶率显著高于葡萄糖?说明喷尿素?复合氨基酸叶面肥对柑橘木虱有较强的吸引作用, 同时加重柑橘炭疽病?另外, 与对照相比, 喷施3种叶面肥均能加重潜叶蛾的为害, 尤其是葡萄糖? 相似文献
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为有效防控柑橘黄龙病,于2017年在佛罗里达大学柑橘研究与教育中心的奥本代尔市柑橘试验场进行田间试验筛选黄龙病的防治药剂及其浓度,测定注射土霉素后叶片中柑橘黄龙病菌亚洲种Cadidatus Liberibacter asiaticus、土霉素、淀粉含量、柑橘产量、出汁率、可溶性固形物含量和酸度,显微镜下观察注射土霉素后淀粉粒的分布。结果表明,浓度为1.6g/株土霉素处理180 d后柑橘叶片中黄龙病菌亚洲种含量减少幅度最大,为91.78%;注射浓度为1.6g/株土霉素后7d,叶片中土霉素含量达142.2 μg/kg,注射后11 d叶片中土霉素含量达到最大,为239.8 μg/kg,注射后45 d叶片中土霉素含量低至99.6 μg/kg以下;注射后7~90d,叶片中黄龙病菌亚洲种含量呈波浪形变化,注射90 d后叶片中黄龙病菌亚洲种含量一直处于增长趋势,叶片中黄龙病菌亚洲种含量总体随着土霉素含量的升高而降低;注射浓度为1.6g/株土霉素后,叶片中淀粉含量大幅度下降,60d时达到最低值,为3.3 μg/mm2,90d时达到峰值,为14.5 μg/mm2;单株产量为16.7 kg,与注射浓度为0.8 g/株土霉素处理差异不显著,但均显著高于其它2个处理;柑橘出汁率、可溶性固形物和酸度均与清水对照差异不显著。表明土霉素可有效抑制黄龙病菌亚洲种,减少柑橘叶片内淀粉含量,增加柑橘产量,但对果实品质未产生显著影响。 相似文献
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早熟柑橘黄龙病流行与产量损失关系研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
2002-2009年测定了早熟柑橘品种‘宫川’(以下简称早熟柑橘)黄龙病病情扩散速率与产量的关系。结果表明:早熟柑橘黄龙病病情随时序推进呈Logistic曲线上升,总体上病情扩散速率为先快后慢,并呈现从强到弱的趋势特征,前4年因病原基数低而病情增长幅度大,扩散速率快;后4年因病原基数处于较高状态,而相对传染扩散速率减慢,表现扩散速率较平缓,形成随病级上升单株结果数减少、健果率下降、产量下降的危害规律;由此建立早熟‘宫川’黄龙病病情扩散速率(P)与发病时序(N)的关系模型为:P=65.082 7/[1+EXP(4.017 8-0.752 838N)](R=0.999 1*),株发病率(P)与病情指数(M)关系模型为:M=0.571 2P-2.398 6(R=0.993 7*),不同病级(m)病树与其果数(G)、健果率(J)的关系模型:G=1 344.833 9/[1+EXP(-3.693 7+0.549 3m)](R=-0.988 6*〖KG-*2〗*);J=91.560 5/[1+EXP(-6.677 0+1.090 4m)](R=-0.974 2*〖KG-*2〗*);不同病级(m)病树与其单果重(W)、单株产量(Y)、产量损失率(Rp)的关系模型:W=95.427 8/[1+EXP(-29.770 1+3.993 2m)] (R=-0.990 6*〖KG-*2〗*);Y=44.138 2/[1+EXP(-4.019 2+0.689 1m)](R=-0.984 2*〖KG-*2〗*)、Rp=131.536 4/[1+EXP(4.239 9-0.592 4m)](R=-0.984 7*〖KG-*2〗*)。 相似文献
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Marta I. Francis Alma Peña James H. Graham 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,127(4):571-578
A detached leaf protocol for rapid screening of germplasm for resistance to citrus canker (Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, Xcc) and citrus bacterial spot (Xanthomonas alfalfae subsp. citrumelonis, Xac) was developed to evaluate limited quantities of leaf material. Bacterial inocula of Xcc or Xac at 104, 105, or 108 cfu ml−1 were injection-infiltrated into the abaxial surface of disinfested, immature leaves of susceptible and resistant genotypes.
Inoculated detached leaves were placed on the surface of 0.5% water agar plates and incubated at 28°C under a 12 h photoperiod.
Likewise, inocula were infiltrated into attached leaves of greenhouse plants. At high inoculum concentrations of Xcc or Xac (108 cfu ml−1), resistant cultivars of kumquat developed a hypersensitive-like reaction within 3 days post inoculation (dpi). At 105 cfu ml−1, populations 14 dpi were <104 per inoculation site. In canker-susceptible Citrus spp. (‘Duncan’ grapefruit and ‘Rough’ lemon), water-soaked areas occurred by 3 dpi and typical canker lesions developed by
7 to14 dpi. Concentration of Xcc recovered from inoculation sites was approximately 105 cfu ml−1 by 14 dpi. In citrus bacterial spot-susceptible citrus (‘Swingle’ citrumelo and grapefruit), symptoms developed within 7 dpi.
Populations of Xac after inoculation at 105 cfu ml−1 were comparable to Xcc in susceptible hosts 14 dpi (>105). The detached leaf assay is useful for the characterization and differentiation of lesion phenotype for each Xanthomonas pathogen permitting rapid screening of germplasm resistance based on the quantification of number of lesions and bacterial
concentration. 相似文献
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Daniel J Andrade Rosangela S Falconi Diego S Siqueira Crislany L Barbosa Antonio S Ferraudo Carlos AL Oliveira 《Pest management science》2013,69(1):81-87
BACKGROUND: Leprosis is one of the most serious citrus plant diseases. Leprosis‐affected plants, especially sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck], which is the most widely cultivated citrus fruit worldwide, show reduced photosynthetic capacity and severe defoliation. The aim was to evaluate the relationship between the Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) vector mite and citrus leprosis disease in Pera sweet orange plants grafted on different rootstocks. Data were analysed using numerical classification and conventional statistical analysis (ANOVA). RESULTS: Both viruliferous and non‐viruliferous B. phoenicis populations increased in number on plants maintained at low soil water content. Among the evaluated rootstocks, Sunki mandarin proved least favourable for mite population increase. Furthermore, the viruliferous mite population increased more rapidly than the non‐viruliferous mite population. CONCLUSION: The Cleopatra rootstock showed low variability in leaf nitrogen content, low mite number and low leprosis severity, thereby producing the most favourable results. Under appropriate moisture conditions, the Sunki rootstock produced the best results, showing the least severe leprosis. Rangpur lime rootstock grown in soil with varying water content showed the greatest variation in foliar nitrogen content, mite number and severity of leprosis and is considered to be the most difficult rootstock to manage. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献