创新水土保持理论 攀登生态保护和生态建设制高点

我国是世界上生态环境恶化最严重的国家之一,生态环境恶化的种种表现可归咎于三大原因:一是水土生态恶化,二是环境污染,三是资源衰竭。水土生态保持认为植被与水土是相互联系不可分割的有机统一体,水土生态恶化是最大的生态环境恶化,抓住了水土生态保持这个关键,也就占领了生态保护和生态建设的制高点。依据水土生态的内涵,对我国水土生态保持宏观管理提出了一些建议。     

论水土、水土生态与水土生态保持

在论述水土在陆地生态系统中的地位和作用的基础上,提出了水土生态的概念,认为植被与水土不可分割的整体观念是水土生态的重要特征。同时,对水土生态保持的含义作了新的定义,并将水土生态保持划分为四大类型,即生态型、自然型、生产型、建设型。从水土生态的高度,从源头上、要素的联系中去认识和防治水土流失,是一种主动的、有机的、整体的水土保持观念,是水土保持认识观的深化和发展,将使水土生态保持事业进入一个崭新的时代。     

用水土生态理论推进美丽富饶中国实践

从我国生态环境的问题与困惑出发,论述了水土生态理论的科学原理和科学价值,认为水土生态理论厘清了错综复杂的生态环境问题,环境污染是能够治理的,只是时间和成本问题;而水土生态是生态环境问题的根源,绿水青山破坏了,无法还原。用水土生态理论阐述了绿水青山就是金山银山的理念,以及绿水青山转化为金山银山的方式和对生态环境的不同影响。水土生态理论是解决当代生态环境问题的金钥匙,是建设美丽富饶中国的理论基础。水土生态理论在水土保持上的应用,拓宽了水土保持空间,有必要成立国家水土生态保持委员会。     

从水土保持工作任务的变化谈对“水土生态保持”提法的认识

通过对新时期水土保持工作任务变化的分析,认为孙发政提出用"水土生态保持"替代"水土保持"一词是必要的,同时提出了用"水土生态保护"替代"水土生态保持"的新想法。     

水土生态的理论与实践

水土生态是水土保持认识观的深化和发展,是生态科学的创新与拓展。水土生态是指地球上水土与植被相互关联、相互促进与发展的一种生态平衡关系,从广义上说,是指水、土、植被在其运动和演化过程中的一切关系的总和。人类不断地利用和改变着地球上的水、土、植被,进行着物质资料的生产和经济社会建设,进而影响和改变着生态与环境。水土生态理论揭示了生态问题的本质,在当今生态保护与治理的实践中起着越来越重要的作用,在人类社会可持续发展进程中具有重要而深远的意义。介绍了水土生态理论的形成和发展过程、主要观点及框架体系,以及在实现水土生态资源可持续利用、生态环境可持续维护和经济社会可持续发展方面的作用和价值。     

关于水土生态与水土生态保持的再认识

2004年,笔者提出了"水土生态保持"一词,随后又撰文多篇探讨其内涵,阐述其意义。结合这些年的生产实践,笔者又对水土生态、水土生态保持的内涵与外延及其意义提出了进一步的思考和认识,希望专家学者指正或争鸣。     

从日韩考察看水土生态保持的普遍意义

本文从日韩考察论证了水土生态保持的普遍意义,介绍了日本和韩国在水土生态保持方面的一些做法和成就,对我国水土生态保持工作具有一定的参考价值。     

保护和修复水土生态 实现人与自然和谐共生

我国已迈上全面建设社会主义现代化国家的新征程,坚定不移地推进中国式现代化,人与自然和谐共生是建设中国式现代化的内在要求。当前,气候变暖和生物多样性丧失等全球性关注的生态环境危机,究其根本原因,是地球水土生态的改变和破坏。因此,保护和修复水土生态的原真、多样、清洁和完整,应从保护纯天然水土生态、保护和修复自然水土生态、建设和再生人工水土生态三方面,协调和处理好人与水土生态的关系,实现人与自然和谐共生。     

从日韩考察看水土生态保持的普遍意义

通过对日本和韩国的考察看到,最突出的做法是:在治理好坡耕地的基础上,加强基础设施建设,大力实施"治山"和"砂防"工程,保护和恢复植被,重视开发建设项目的水土流失防治,加强宣传和普及教育,建设和维护良好生态。两国的实践证明,作者提出的水土生态保持理论具有普遍意义,对我国的水土生态保持工作具有一定的参考价值。     

弘扬水土生态文化 建设富饶美丽家园

人类与自然的关系,最直接的表现在人与水的关系、人与土壤(石)的关系、人与植被(植物)的关系。长期以来,我国各族人民积累了丰富的水土生态文化,如有机整体自然观,崇尚自然、歌唱自然、保护自然和合理利用自然,等等。弘扬水土生态文化,在当代显得尤为重要和迫切。     

河道堤防滩地的水土流失及其防治

平原地区河道堤防滩地的水土流失,直接淤积河床,影响行洪安全。堤防滩地的水土流失是自然因素和人为因素共同作用的结果,以新修堤防的水土流失最为严重,对其防治须实行工程措施、植物措施和人为预防相结合。     

防治水土流失 建设巴渝秀美山川

重庆地处长江上游、三峡库区,由于三峡库区水土流失严重、生态环境脆弱、自然灾害频繁,且三峡库区的水土保持和生态建设事关全市经济社会发展全局、事关三峡工程建成后的安全运行和库区的长治久安,因此是我市水土保持生态建设的重点。虽然,“长治”工程的有效实施,使我市的水土保持生态建设取得了较大的成绩,但离全面建设小康社会的要求尚有不少的差距,因此,我们要紧紧抓住国家实施可持续发展战略和西部大开发战略的历史机遇,进一步增强紧迫感、责任感和使命感,调动全社会各界力量,防治水土流失,改善生态环境,建设巴渝秀美山川。     

Charge characteristics and exchangeable cation status of Korean Ultisols and Alfisols and Thai Ultisols and Oxisols

The charge characteristics of A₁ or Ap and B₂ horizon samples of total 23 Ultisols, Alfisols and Oxisols in Korea and Thailand were studied by measuring the retention of NH₄⁺ and NO₃^? at different pH values (4–8) and NH₄NO₃ concentrations (0.1–0.005 m ). The magnitude of their negative charge (σ^?; meq/100g) was dependent on pH and NH₄NO₃ concentration (C; m ) as represented by a regression equation: log σ^?=apH +blogC +c. The values of the coefficient a (0.04–0.226), b (0.03–0.264) and c (–0.676–1.262) were correlated with the kinds of the soil and horizon and with the region where the soil exists. The retention of NO₃^? was less than 1 and 2–3 meq/100 g for the A₁ or Ap and B₂ horizon samples, respectively. The sum of exchangeable base and Al (‘effective’ CEC) was close to and higher than the magnitude of permanent charge (=σ^? measured at pH = 4.3 and at C = 0.005 m ) for one-third and two-thirds of samples, respectively. A σ^? value of 16 meq/100 g clay at pH = 7 and C = 0.01 m was found appropriate to separate the B₂ horizons of Thai Ultisols and Oxisols from those of Korean Ultisols and Alfisols. Korean Alfisols and Ultisols and Thai Ultisols were distinguished from each other on the status of exchangeable base and Al     

水土保持监督管理程序与时效图文解析

水土保持法律规范和相关行政法律规范,共同构成了水土保持监督管理法律体系,其内容庞杂,相互交叉、融合,程序复杂。通过一组网络图及其简要注释,直观地表述了水土保持监督管理工作的相关程序、时效、逻辑关系和法律依据;通过对网络图呈现的逻辑问题所反映出的法律缺陷进行分析,提出应当按照立法法的有关规定,对现行法律特别是水土保持法律法规进行必要的修改,以适应不断发展的水土保持监督管理工作需要的建议。     

我国滑坡、崩塌的区域特征、成因分析及其防御

论述了我国滑坡、崩塌的区域分布特征,滑坡和崩塌的危害程度,滑坡和崩塌类型和成因分析,并且提出了灾害的防御措施,以期达到环境保护成为社会发展过程中的一个重要组成部分。     

Study on Soil and Pine-Seedling Zn and Mn and Predicting-Model Design

Soils were collected from 2-year (2-y) and 3-year (3-y) old red-pine seedling plots in two tree nurseries, Hayward in the north and Wilson in the southwestern part of Wisconsin State respectively, and equilibrated with 0.01 M Ca(NO₃)₂ for soil solution Zn and Mn (solu-Zn and Mn), and with 0.01 M Ca(NO₃)2+0.005 M EDTA for soil adsorbed Zn and Mn (ad-Zn and Mn). Buffering capacity of soil Zn and Mn (b-Zn and Mn) was obtained from the ratio of ad-Zn and Mn to the solu-Zn and Mn. The concerned traces in pine seedling needles (ndls), stems(sts) and roots (rts) were simultaneously measured.     

城镇开发区建设中的人为水土流失及防治措施

简析了婺源县城镇开发区建设过程中造成水土流失的状况、危害、原因后,提出了其防治措施,并阐明开展城市（镇）水土保持的紧迫性。     

Sodium and potassium effects on cation concentration and yield of lucerne and phalaris grown separately and together

Abstract

Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) were grown separately and together in a pot trial on a yellow‐brown pumice soil with three rates of sodium (Na) and two rates of potassium (K) in factorial combination. Lucerne alone had a low Na concentration but growing phalaris as a companion grass produced herbage with a Na concentration adequate for stock. Na application increased the Na concentration in phalaris and the mixture of phalaris and lucerne much more than in lucerne alone; had little effect on K concentration; slightly reduced Mg concentration; and greatly reduced Ca concentration but not as much in lucerne as in phalaris or the mixture with lucerne. K application increased K concentration and reduced Na, Ca and Mg concentrations throughout. Yield of phalaris grown alone and in combination with lucerne was increased significantly by Na application when K concentration in the plants was low. Yield of lucerne was not affected by Na application and it is concluded that Na did not substitute for K in this species. It is concluded that field trials are warranted to investigate the possibility of growing a special purpose mixture of lucerne and phalaris on New Zealand yellow‐brown pumice soils to provide feed that has adequate Na for grazing animals.