棉花叶绿体70S核糖体S7蛋白基因的克隆和序列分析

叶绿体基因组具有高度保守性，来源于不同植物的叶绿体基因同源性很高。应用ＰＣＲ技术，从棉花叶绿体基因组扩增并克隆了长度为１．０ｋｂ的叶绿体ＤＮＡ片段。该片段含有叶绿体核本小亚基Ｓ７蛋白基因ｒｐｓ７。采用限制性内切酶消化连接的策略构建亚克隆，并测定了该片段的含部核苷酸序列。结果表明，棉花叶绿体ｒｐａｓ７基因与烟草、不稻的相庆基因同源性高，分别为９７．９％和８９．５％，３非编码区的同源性分别为９６．３％     

龙眼胚性愈伤组织肌动蛋白基因(actin)片段的克隆与序列分析

采用同源克隆方法从龙眼胚性愈伤组织分离肌动蛋白基因（actin）。通过保守区和3’RACE扩增,分别获得347bp和837bp的特异片段,经过序列拼接得到895bp的龙眼actin基因3’端序列。与多种植物的肌动蛋白基因进行同源性比较,该片段的核苷酸序列同源性多在80%以上,氨基酸序列同源性大于90%,具有高度保守性。可作为龙眼体胚发生过程中基因表达分析的内参。     

全明星草莓乙烯受体Etr1基因克隆及序列分析

克隆了与草莓成熟有关的乙烯受体Etr1基因片段,为进一步研究Etr1基因功能并通过基因技术改善草莓贮运性能奠定基础.以全明星草莓成熟果实中分离到得基因组DNA为模板,经PCR扩增到一条约600 bp的特异片段,将该片段克隆到pEGM-T easy vector上经测序分析,基因全长617 bp,编码205个氨基酸.序列分析结果表明,该序列与Chandler-Etr1的cDNA序列同源性98%,氨基酸序列同源性97%.     

水稻26kDa球蛋白基因启动子克隆及序列分析

以水稻品种日本晴基因组总DNA为模板,采用PCR扩增获得约900bp大小的DNA片段,回收该片段并与pUCm-T载体连接,转化感受态大肠杆菌.进行PCR检测和酶切鉴定,选取阳性克隆进行测序分析.测序结果显示,该片段含904个核苷酸对;采用vector NTI软件将本试验中克隆的序列与Genbank（AY427575）公布的日本晴球蛋白基因启动子序列比对,有9个核苷酸差异,同源性为99%,证实本试验中克隆的DNA序列为水稻球蛋白基因启动子;在重要功能区段上,两者核苷酸序列完全一致.本研究认为造成长期不在一个环境中种植的同一水稻品种球蛋白基因启动子序列差异的原因之一,可能是核苷酸中性突变.水稻球蛋白基因启动子的成功克隆,为今后开展水稻等重要农作物转基因研究奠定基础.     

猪Musclin基因片段克隆与序列分析

【研究目的】克隆并分析猪musclin基因；【方法】肌肉组织提取总RNA，利用设计的引物进行RT-PCR，PCR产物与pMD19-T连接后转化E. coli DH5α，检测阳性克隆并测序；【结果】克隆的猪musclin基因片段与人、大鼠、小鼠同源性分别为86%、78%、75%，预测的氨基酸序列含有“KKKR”结构和与小鼠ANP、BNP、CNP蛋白的同源性区域；【结论】克隆了猪musclin基因片段并注册GenBank (Accession.EF369511)。     

无花果ACC合成酶基因克隆及序列分析

为进一步利用基因工程手段调控无花果乙烯的合成,以无花果果肉为材料提取基因组DNA,根据已报道的无花果ACC合成酶基因序列设计引物,采用PCR技术扩增得到一条约600 bp的特异片段,将该片段克隆到pGM-Teasy vector上经PCR、酶切和测序鉴定。序列分析结果表明,基因全长590 bp,编码196个氨基酸,该序列与GenBank上已登陆的Masui Dauphine-ACS1的cDNA序列同源性达99%,氨基酸同源性达98%。结果表明,成功克隆到了无花果ACS基因片段。     

梅花鹿鹿茸软骨细胞的培养及X型胶原的克隆和序列分析

X型胶原是肥大软骨细胞的标志物，据GenBank 中收录的人、鼠、牛、猪X型胶原基因的序列，进行同源性分析，在同源性高的相对保守区域设计了1对特异性引物。建立梅花鹿鹿茸软骨细胞的分离培养方法，培养鹿茸软骨细胞。提取细胞的总RNA，以总RNA为模板，用RT-PCR方法克隆了梅花鹿的X型胶原基因序列为877的片段，此片段全部位于编码区，与已报道的牛的X型胶原基因的序列比较，同源性达到96%。共有35个碱基发生变异。DNAStar 软件分析表明，二者推导的氨基酸序列同源性为95.5%。     

千代田草莓乙烯受体Etr2基因克隆及序列分析

克隆了与草莓成熟有关的乙稀受体FaEtr2基因片段,为进一步研究FaEtr2基因功能并通过基因技术改善草莓贮运性能奠定基础。以千代田草莓成熟果实中分离到的基因组DNA为模板,经PCR扩增到1条约1．0kb的特异片段,将该片段克隆到pGEM-T easy vector上经测序分析,基全长共1049bp,编号349个氨基酸残基。序列分析结果表明,该序列与Chandler-Etr2的cDNA序列同源性99％、氨基酸序列同源性为98％。     

大豆细胞质雄性不育系MADS-box基因的分离分析

采用cDNA-AFLP差异显示技术对大豆细胞质雄性不育系NJCMS2A与其保持系NJCMS2B间基因差异表达进行研究,结果从NJCMS2A花蕾中分离到一个差异表达片段,对该差异片段进行克隆、测序和序列比对分析,Blast检索结果显示它与大豆基因组中Gm13上g29510.1 cDNA片段的同源性达98.7%,与大豆中一个MADS-box基因的同源性达98%,氨基酸序列比对结果表明它与大豆中一个MADS-box蛋白有96%的同源性,与豌豆中MADS-box M7蛋白有83%的同源性,与苦瓜中MADS-box2蛋白有88%的同源性,与海岛棉典型的MADS-box基因编码的AGAMOUS蛋白保守区有83%的同源性,进一步对其氨基酸序列进行结构和功能预测显示该差异片段具有MADS-box转录因子的典型结构域K-box,证明其编码蛋白为一MADS-box转录因子,半定量RT-PCR分析结果显示其在NJCMS2A花蕾中表达量很高,而在NJCMS2B花蕾中表达量很低,推测该差异片段可能与大豆细胞质雄性不育有关。     

Identification of RAPD markers closely linked to the mlo-locus in barley

Developing resistance to powdery mildew, Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei, is a major goal of many barley breeding programmes. Several resistance genes have been tagged or mapped with molecular markers. The mlo gene confers durable resistance towards all known isolates of the pathogen. In this study, RAPD markers and bulked segregant analysis were used to determine PCR-based markers linked to the mlo-locus. Sixty doubled haploid lines from a cross between an isogenic line of ‘Ingrid’ carrying the mlo11 allele and a susceptible cv. ‘Pokko’ were used as plant material. Seven linked RAPD markers were found, the closest lying 1.6 cM away from the resistance gene. When eight barley varieties were assayed for the presence of this band, F4-980, it was found in the resistant varieties but not in the susceptible ones. The linked marker bands could be amplified from DNA-samples prepared by using three different methods, including a quick squash technique. PCR-based markers linked to the resistance gene can be used as tools for selection in breeding programmes.     

水稻白叶枯病感病相关基因Xig1的分子鉴定及抗病资源创制

水稻白叶枯病相关基因Xig1在感病亲本IR24中受白叶枯病菌的诱导表达。本研究通过克隆与比较Xig1的序列后发现,抗病野生稻导入系W6023与感病亲本IR24中Xig1等位基因的差异主要集中在启动子区。水稻原生质体观察XIG1在细胞中的定位,显示XIG1定位于细胞质中。利用CRISPR/Cas9系统对感病籼稻品种IR24的Xig1靶点进行基因组编辑,获得并评价了多个Xig1定点突变株系对白叶枯菌的抗性。与野生型相比, 8个IR24的Xig1基因定点突变株系对水稻白叶枯病的抗性得到明显提高,而农艺性状无显著差异。Xig1是新发现的水稻白叶枯病感病基因,该基因在水稻白叶枯病感病性中贡献的研究,不仅为创制新的抗病资源提供理论指导,还将丰富和加深我们对植物先天免疫系统的认知。     

Development of co-dominant amplified polymorphic sequence markers for resistance of sunflower to downy mildew race 730

The inheritance of the reaction of sunflower to downy mildew was investigated using resistant and susceptible near isogenic lines (NILs) and their F₃ families. Resistance to race 730 was evaluated using the whole seedling inoculation technique. Seventy-three F₃ families were inoculated, among which 54 families were resistant and 19 susceptible, fitting a 3 : 1 segregation ratio. F₃ families were also studied using several PCR markers. Ten markers at the Pl6 locus, specific for the resistant line, also segregated in F₃ families with a 3 : 1 ratio. The same segregation ratio occurred for microsatellite haplotypes that resembled the resistant parent, and were amplified with ORS 166 and ORS 1043. The only common fragment that was observed between resistant and susceptible parental lines was one of the TIR-NBS-LRR resistance gene analogue markers, having a restriction site. Two co-dominant cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers were obtained. The mapping data indicate that several dominant markers and two CAPS markers, developed here, completely co-segregate with the Pl6 gene conferring resistance to race 730. CAPS markers will facilitate efficient marker-assisted selection for sunflower resistance to downy mildew race 730.     

小麦抗/感白粉病近等基因系基因表达差异的研究

采用cDNA-AFLP(cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism)技术,对小麦抗白粉病近等基因系Mardler/7*百农3217和百农3217材料的不同处理,于接菌后不同时间点的基因表达进行了表达分析。Mardler/7*百农3217及其感病轮回亲本百农3217在表达上存在差异;利用46对引物在抗/感近等基因系和感病轮回亲本DCINA处理发现283条差异带,对其中42条片段进行克隆测序,同源性分析发现包括信号转导相关的基因片段、与细胞壁的组成和结构相关的基因片段和与过敏性反应相关的基因片段。此研究结果发现其中的一些差异显示片段对小麦的抗白粉病机理的揭示具有重要作用。     

通过标记辅助回交育种改良优质水稻保持系金山B-1的稻瘟病抗性

金山B-1是本室育成的一个优质水稻雄性不育保持系。为了改良金山B-1的稻瘟病抗性,我们以水稻品系75-1-127为供体,通过标记辅助连续回交将显性广谱抗稻瘟病基因Pi-9导入到金山B-1中。已知Pi-2与Pi-9等位或紧密连锁。根据前人报道的Pi-2的双侧标记和公共数据库提供的水稻基因组序列信息,我们开发了一个在金山B-1和75-1-127之间表现多态的SSR标记SRM22。该标记与Pi-9基因紧密连锁,估计与Pi-9的物理距离为309Kb,换算成遗传距离为0.73cM。在各世代皆利用SRM22对目标基因进行跟踪,并结合形态性状进行背景选择。在BC3F1代,将中选单株与不育系金山A-1进行杂交并检查其后代的育性,以测验这些单株的不育保持性。在BC3F2代,根据抗病标记、不育保持性(根据BC3F1推断)及形态性状,选得5个符合需要的单株,由此得到5个抗病性得到改良的金山B-1近等基因系(BC3F2:3)。抗病鉴定表明,所有育成株系的抗性水平皆显著高于金山B-1,说明抗病基因确实已经导入金山B-1,利用SRM22标记进行选择是可靠的。但值得注意的是,所有育成株系的抗性水平都略低于75-1-127,说明Pi-9的抗病能力会受到遗传背景的影响。     

广谱抗稻瘟病基因d12的遗传分析及分子标记辅助选择应用

本研究利用一个广谱抗稻瘟病基因d12（来源于武育粳2号）,通过分子标记辅助选择改良珍汕97B抗稻瘟病性。首先利用以珍汕97B为背景构建一个包含236个单株的d12近等基因系BC2F2群体,通过遗传分析,将抗稻瘟病基因d12定位于水稻第12染色体的遗传距离为2.7cM的2个SSR标记RM27792-RM28089之间。QTL分析结果表明,在分蘖期Ⅰ（TL58,播种后第58天考察的叶瘟）和分蘖期Ⅱ（TL75,播种后第75天考察的叶瘟）检测到的d12的LOD值和VAR值（遗传方差/表型方差）分别为：31.7、47.1%以及24.1、37.9%,d12的加性效应和显性效应分别为1.2608、-1.0475以及0.7326、-0.7689;当水稻进入抽穗期（HL98,播种后第98天考察的叶瘟）时,检测不到d12。由此可见,d12对稻瘟病抗性随着水稻的分蘖进程可能由强到弱,当进入生殖生长时期对稻瘟病的抗性没有了贡献。这可以表明d12对稻瘟病的抗性受到发育时期的影响。以上结果可能对稻瘟病持久抗性的育种和受发育影响的抗病性的理解有非常重要的意义。     

几个水稻不育系对白叶枯病的抗性

测定了８对不育系（Ａ）和保持系（Ｂ）以及一些杂交稻组合对６个小种的４０株白叶枯病菌的抗性，比较了不同类型不育系对６个小种群的抗性差异。结果表明，冈型、印尼水田谷型和大多数野败型不育系的抗性很差，ＢＴ型的抗性较高。菌株Ａｈ２８对冈４６Ａ和野败珍汕９７Ａ的致病力强。比较了６个恢复系（Ｃ）和８个杂交组合对不同小种的抗性程度。结果显示，杂交稻的抗病性主要受父本（恢复系）核基因的控制，但同时又受不育胞质的影     

Molecular tagging of a gene for resistance to brown planthopper in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

An introgression line derived from an interspecific cross between Oryzasativa and Oryza officinalis, IR54741-3-21-22 was found to beresistant to an Indian biotype of brown planthopper (BPH). Genetic analysisof 95 F₃ progeny rows of a cross between the resistant lineIR54741-3-21-22 and a BPH susceptible line revealed that resistance wascontrolled by a single dominant gene. A comprehensive RAPD analysisusing 275 decamer primers revealed a low level of (7.1%) polymorphismbetween the parents.RAPD polymorphisms were either co-dominant (6.9%), dominant forresistant parental fragments (9.1%) or dominant for susceptible parentalfragments (11.6%). Of the 19 co-dominant markers, one primer,OPA16, amplified a resistant parental band in the resistant bulk and asusceptible parental band in the susceptible bulk by bulked segregantanalysis. RAPD analysis of individual F₂ plants with the primerOPA16 showed marker-phenotype co-segregation for all, with only onerecombinant being identified. The linkage between the RAPD markerOPA16₉₃₈ and the BPH resistance gene was 0.52 cM in couplingphase. The 938 bp RAPD amplicon was cloned and used as a probe on122 Cla I digested doubled haploid (DH) plants from aIR64xAzucena mapping population for RFLP inheritance analysis and wasmapped onto rice chromosome 11. The OPA16₉₃₈ RAPD markercould be used in a cost effective way for marker-assisted selection of BPHresistant rice genotypes in rice breeding programs.     

Diallel Analysis of the Inheritance of Partial Resistance to Downy Mildew in Peas

The aim of the investigation was to see if the partial resistance of three sister-lines is determined by identical genes. The sister-lines were selected from a cross between a susceptible line and a partially resistant line. These lines and the susceptible parent line were crossed in all directions. The downy-mildew resistance of the different combinations was investigated in the F₁, F₃ and F₄ generations. The resistance of the sister-lines is not determined by the same genes. The moderate resistance of line X309 is recessive and might be determined by a single gene. The more resistant line X282 carry at least one resistance gene that shows dominance in crosses with X309. Line X311 carries, in addition to the resistance in X309, some resistance gene or genes with an intermediate effect.     

小麦抗叶锈病基因Lr35的RGA分析

根据已知植物抗病基因的NBS,LRR等保守结构域设计引物,对小麦全套抗叶锈病近等基因系材料进行RGA分析。引物对Pto-kin1IN／XLRR-INV1从近等基因系TeLr35中扩增获得一条747bp的特异性片段。序列分析表明,该片段与小麦基因片段Triticum urartu clone BAC 210J24,Triticum monococcum DV92的BAC克隆231A16等具有较高同源性,为Lr35的克隆奠定了基础。